we use this command in our .gitlab-ci.yml during the deploy stage. It uses lftp to mirror(ish).
But we recently noticed a big problem which indicates we might not understand the syntax for the --exclude option of lftp.
It indeed seems that --exclude .env is excluding all files matching ..env.. like this one for instance :
application/migrations/20220805084313_rajout_champ_cronjobs_id_environnement.php
- lftp -e "set ftp:ssl-allow no ; mirror -p -Rev ./ public_html/project/ --parallel=10 --exclude-glob .git* --exclude .env" -u $LOGIN,$PWD ftp://$SERVER
Is that normal behavior? If so How do I exclude only files named ".env" then? Or is it a bug?
Thanks.
I have an rsync script that backs up user's home folder using this line of code:
/usr/bin/caffeinate -i /usr/bin/rsync -rlptDn --human-readable --progress --ignore-existing --update $PATH/$NAME/ --exclude=".*" --exclude="Public" --exclude="Library" /Volumes/Backup/Users/$NAME\ -\ $DATE
How do I ignore everything in ~/Library/ but their ~/Library/Mail/? I wanted to include this rsync flag, --include="/Library/Mail", but I'm not sure if I should depend too much on rsync exclusions & inclusions as it can become unreliable and varies between different versions of OS X rsync.
Maybe a command-line regex tool would be more useful? Example:
ls -d1 ~/Library/*| grep -v '^mail' > $ALIST
exec <${ALIST}
read SRC
do
.
.
.
$RSYNC..etc...
rsync's --include and --exclude options obey what is called "precedence" so there's a firm rule you can rely which means what you explicitly include before you exclude will be what is sent.
In your case, add --include ~/Library/Mail before the first --exclude.
I am trying to copy several files from a remote server into local drive in Bash using scp.
Here's the part of the code
scp -r -q $USR#$IP:/home/file1.txt $PWD
scp -r -q $USR#$IP:/home/file2.txt $PWD
scp -r -q $USR#$IP:/root/file3.txt $PWD
However, the problem is that EVERY time that it wants to copy a file, it keeps asking for the password of the server, which is the same. I want it to ask only once and then copy all my files.
And please, do not suggest rsync nor making a key authentication file since I do not want to do that.
Are there any other ways...?
Any help would be appreciated
You can use expect script or sshpass
sshpass -p 'password' scp ...
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn scp ...
expect "password:"
send "ur_password"
An disadvantage is that your password is now in plaintext
I'm assuming that if you can scp files from the remote server, you can also ssh in and create a tarball of the remote files.
The -r flag is recursive, for copying entire directories but your listing distinct files in your command, so -r becomes superfluous.
Try this from the bash shell on the remote system:
$ mkdir /home/file_mover
$ cp /home/file1.txt /home/file_mover/
$ cp /home/file2.txt /home/file_mover/
$ cp /root/file3.txt /home/file_mover/
$ tar -cvf /home/myTarball.tar /home/file_mover/
$ scp -q $USR#$IP:/home/myTarball.tar $PWD
Well, in this particular case, you can write...
scp -q $USR#$IP:/home/file[1-3].txt $PWD
The GNU/Linux version of cp has a nice --update flag:
-u, --update
copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing
The Mac OS X version of cp lacks this flag.
What is the best way to get the behavior of cp --update by using built-in system command line programs? I want to avoid installing any extra tools (including the GNU version of cp).
rsync has an -u/--update option that works just like GNU cp:
$ rsync -u src dest
Also look at rsync's other options, which are probably what you actually want:
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
--executability preserve executability
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve times
-a, --archive
This is equivalent to -rlptgoD. It is a quick way of saying you want recursion
and want to preserve almost everything (with -H being a notable omission). The
only exception to the above equivalence is when --files-from is specified, in which
case -r is not implied.
Note that -a does not preserve hardlinks, because finding multiply-linked files is
expensive. You must separately specify -H.
I have a web directory where I store some config files. I'd like to use wget to pull those files down and maintain their current structure. For instance, the remote directory looks like:
http://mysite.com/configs/.vim/
.vim holds multiple files and directories. I want to replicate that on the client using wget. Can't seem to find the right combo of wget flags to get this done. Any ideas?
You have to pass the -np/--no-parent option to wget (in addition to -r/--recursive, of course), otherwise it will follow the link in the directory index on my site to the parent directory. So the command would look like this:
wget --recursive --no-parent http://example.com/configs/.vim/
To avoid downloading the auto-generated index.html files, use the -R/--reject option:
wget -r -np -R "index.html*" http://example.com/configs/.vim/
To download a directory recursively, which rejects index.html* files and downloads without the hostname, parent directory and the whole directory structure :
wget -r -nH --cut-dirs=2 --no-parent --reject="index.html*" http://mysite.com/dir1/dir2/data
For anyone else that having similar issues. Wget follows robots.txt which might not allow you to grab the site. No worries, you can turn it off:
wget -e robots=off http://www.example.com/
http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/html_node/Robot-Exclusion.html
You should use the -m (mirror) flag, as that takes care to not mess with timestamps and to recurse indefinitely.
wget -m http://example.com/configs/.vim/
If you add the points mentioned by others in this thread, it would be:
wget -m -e robots=off --no-parent http://example.com/configs/.vim/
Here's the complete wget command that worked for me to download files from a server's directory (ignoring robots.txt):
wget -e robots=off --cut-dirs=3 --user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 --reject="index.html*" --no-parent --recursive --relative --level=1 --no-directories http://www.example.com/archive/example/5.3.0/
If --no-parent not help, you might use --include option.
Directory struct:
http://<host>/downloads/good
http://<host>/downloads/bad
And you want to download downloads/good but not downloads/bad directory:
wget --include downloads/good --mirror --execute robots=off --no-host-directories --cut-dirs=1 --reject="index.html*" --continue http://<host>/downloads/good
wget -r http://mysite.com/configs/.vim/
works for me.
Perhaps you have a .wgetrc which is interfering with it?
First of all, thanks to everyone who posted their answers. Here is my "ultimate" wget script to download a website recursively:
wget --recursive ${comment# self-explanatory} \
--no-parent ${comment# will not crawl links in folders above the base of the URL} \
--convert-links ${comment# convert links with the domain name to relative and uncrawled to absolute} \
--random-wait --wait 3 --no-http-keep-alive ${comment# do not get banned} \
--no-host-directories ${comment# do not create folders with the domain name} \
--execute robots=off --user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 ${comment# I AM A HUMAN!!!} \
--level=inf --accept '*' ${comment# do not limit to 5 levels or common file formats} \
--reject="index.html*" ${comment# use this option if you need an exact mirror} \
--cut-dirs=0 ${comment# replace 0 with the number of folders in the path, 0 for the whole domain} \
$URL
Afterwards, stripping the query params from URLs like main.css?crc=12324567 and running a local server (e.g. via python3 -m http.server in the dir you just wget'ed) to run JS may be necessary. Please note that the --convert-links option kicks in only after the full crawl was completed.
Also, if you are trying to wget a website that may go down soon, you should get in touch with the ArchiveTeam and ask them to add your website to their ArchiveBot queue.
To fetch a directory recursively with username and password, use the following command:
wget -r --user=(put username here) --password='(put password here)' --no-parent http://example.com/
This version downloads recursively and doesn't create parent directories.
wgetod() {
NSLASH="$(echo "$1" | perl -pe 's|.*://[^/]+(.*?)/?$|\1|' | grep -o / | wc -l)"
NCUT=$((NSLASH > 0 ? NSLASH-1 : 0))
wget -r -nH --user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 --cut-dirs=$NCUT --no-parent --reject="index.html*" "$1"
}
Usage:
Add to ~/.bashrc or paste into terminal
wgetod "http://example.com/x/"
The following option seems to be the perfect combination when dealing with recursive download:
wget -nd -np -P /dest/dir --recursive http://url/dir1/dir2
Relevant snippets from man pages for convenience:
-nd
--no-directories
Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving recursively. With this option turned on, all files will get saved to the current directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the
filenames will get extensions .n).
-np
--no-parent
Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving recursively. This is a useful option, since it guarantees that only the files below a certain hierarchy will be downloaded.
All you need is two flags, one is "-r" for recursion and "--no-parent" (or -np) in order not to go in the '.' and ".." . Like this:
wget -r --no-parent http://example.com/configs/.vim/
That's it. It will download into the following local tree: ./example.com/configs/.vim .
However if you do not want the first two directories, then use the additional flag --cut-dirs=2 as suggested in earlier replies:
wget -r --no-parent --cut-dirs=2 http://example.com/configs/.vim/
And it will download your file tree only into ./.vim/
In fact, I got the first line from this answer precisely from the wget manual, they have a very clean example towards the end of section 4.3.
It sounds like you're trying to get a mirror of your file. While wget has some interesting FTP and SFTP uses, a simple mirror should work. Just a few considerations to make sure you're able to download the file properly.
Respect robots.txt
Ensure that if you have a /robots.txt file in your public_html, www, or configs directory it does not prevent crawling. If it does, you need to instruct wget to ignore it using the following option in your wget command by adding:
wget -e robots=off 'http://your-site.com/configs/.vim/'
Convert remote links to local files.
Additionally, wget must be instructed to convert links into downloaded files. If you've done everything above correctly, you should be fine here. The easiest way I've found to get all files, provided nothing is hidden behind a non-public directory, is using the mirror command.
Try this:
wget -mpEk 'http://your-site.com/configs/.vim/'
# If robots.txt is present:
wget -mpEk robots=off 'http://your-site.com/configs/.vim/'
# Good practice to only deal with the highest level directory you specify (instead of downloading all of `mysite.com` you're just mirroring from `.vim`
wget -mpEk robots=off --no-parent 'http://your-site.com/configs/.vim/'
Using -m instead of -r is preferred as it doesn't have a maximum recursion depth and it downloads all assets. Mirror is pretty good at determining the full depth of a site, however if you have many external links you could end up downloading more than just your site, which is why we use -p -E -k. All pre-requisite files to make the page, and a preserved directory structure should be the output. -k converts links to local files.
Since you should have a link set up, you should get your config folder with a file /.vim.
Mirror mode also works with a directory structure that's set up as an ftp:// also.
General rule of thumb:
Depending on the side of the site you are doing a mirror of, you're sending many calls to the server. In order to prevent you from being blacklisted or cut off, use the wait option to rate-limit your downloads.
wget -mpEk --no-parent robots=off --random-wait 'http://your-site.com/configs/.vim/'
But if you're simply downloading the ../config/.vim/ file you shouldn't have to worry about it as your ignoring parent directories and downloading a single file.
Wget 1.18 may work better, e.g., I got bitten by a version 1.12 bug where...
wget --recursive (...)
...only retrieves index.html instead of all files.
Workaround was to notice some 301 redirects and try the new location — given the new URL, wget got all the files in the directory.
Recursive wget ignoring robots (for websites)
wget -e robots=off -r -np --page-requisites --convert-links 'http://example.com/folder/'
-e robots=off causes it to ignore robots.txt for that domain
-r makes it recursive
-np = no parents, so it doesn't follow links up to the parent folder
You should be able to do it simply by adding a -r
wget -r http://stackoverflow.com/