I'm very new to oracle sql and programming and I need some help with one of my first projects. I'm working with this table schema:
Column Data Type Length Precision Scale Nullable
EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER 22 6 0 No
START_DATE DATE 7 - - No
END_DATE DATE 7 - - No
JOB_ID VARCHAR2 10 - - No
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER 22 4 0 Yes
I want to display all employees who have never changed their jobs, not even once(employees not listed in the above table) This table is labeled job_history. How would I go about doing this? I'm not sure on how to get this started.
select * from employees
where employee_id not in ( select employee_id from job_history)
/
You can use a left join and check for a null employee_id on the job_history table.
select * from employees
left join job_history
on job_history.employee_id = employees.employee_id
where job_history.employee_id is NULL
Fairly often an execution plan is better for
select * from employees e where not exists
(select 1 from job_history jh.employee_id = e.employee_id)
than "not in ()".
And if the tables have the same structure the best result will with
select * from employees
minus
select * from job_history
Related
I have the following select statments in Oracle 19:
select count(*) as facility_load_stg_cnt from facility_load_stg;
select count(*) as facility_cnt from facility;
select count(*) as loctn_typ_cnt from loctn_typ;
select count(*) as join_cnt from (
select f.facility_id, lt.loctn_typ_id
from facility_load_stg stg
inner join facility f on stg.facility_cd = f.facility_cd
inner join loctn_typ lt on stg.bldg = lt.loctn_typ_nm);
the object is simple, get the PK's for facility and loctn_typ (facility_id, loctn_typ_id) to insert into the table that will build the relationship.
The problem is when I run the above code, I get these results:
FACILITY_LOAD_STG_CNT
---------------------
987
FACILITY_CNT
------------
645
LOCTN_TYP_CNT
-------------
188
JOIN_CNT
----------
2905
why is the select with the join have 3x the rows of the facility_load_stg table? I am sure I am doing something silly, I just cannot see it.
Folks have asked to see the table definitions, here is the relavent parts:
create table FACILITY_MAINT_DATA.FACILITY_LOAD_STG
(
FACILITY_CD VARCHAR2(100) not null,
BLDG VARCHAR2(100)
)
create table FACILITY_MAINT_DATA.FACILITY
(
FACILITY_CD VARCHAR2(100),
FACILITY_ID NUMBER(14) not null
constraint PK_FACILITY
primary key
)
create table FACILITY_MAINT_DATA.LOCTN_TYP
(
LOCTN_TYP_ID NUMBER(14) default "FACILITY_MAINT_DATA"."LOCTN_TYP_ID_SEQ"."NEXTVAL" not null
constraint PK_LOCTN_TYP
primary key,
LOCTN_TYP_NM VARCHAR2(100),
)
The generall rule if you join and you encounter a higher count that you expect is that the join keys are not unique*
Here a simple example reproducting the same result as you have (limiting only to two tables).
create table tab1 as
select rownum id,
case when rownum <= 80 then 'CD_'||rownum else 'CD_X' end cd from dual connect by level <= 645;
create table tab2 as
select rownum id,
case when rownum <= 80 then 'CD_'||rownum
when rownum <= 85 then 'CD_X'
else 'CD_Y' end cd from dual connect by level <= 987;
select count(*) from tab1;
COUNT(*)
----------
645
select count(*) from tab2;
COUNT(*)
----------
987
select count(*)
from tab1
join tab2
on tab1.cd = tab2.cd;
COUNT(*)
----------
2905
Summary change the join to use the unique keys or limit the join only to such CDcolumns that are unique.
Thank you everyone for the comments, that got me looking at detail at the actual data and there are duplications. Now I just have to figure out why, just need some investigation:)
I am working on oracle database.
We load customer data in source table which eventually migrates to target table.
Every time customer data is loaded in source table it is having a unique batch_id.
If we want to update some field in customer table, then we again load the same customer in source table but this time with different batch_id.
Now I want to know batch_id of the customer just before the latest batch_id.
Batch_id we take is usually the current date.
Use ROW_NUMBER analytic function
your sample data
select * from tab
order by 1,2
CUSTOMER_ID BATCH_ID
----------- -------------------
1 09.12.2019 00:00:00
1 10.12.2019 00:00:00
2 10.12.2019 00:00:00
Row_number assihns sequence number starting from 1 for each customer order descending on BATCH_ID - you are interested on one before the latest, i.e. the rows with the number 2.
with cust as (
select
customer_id, batch_id,
row_number() over (partition by customer_id order by batch_id desc) rn
from tab)
select CUSTOMER_ID, BATCH_ID
from cust
where rn = 2;
CUSTOMER_ID BATCH_ID
----------- -------------------
1 09.12.2019 00:00:00
It seems that you're basically looking for the second biggest value in the SOURCE table.
In this example code the SOURCE_TABLE represents the table containing same CUSTOMER_NO with different BATCH_NO:
create table source_table (customer_no integer, batch_no date);
insert into source_table values ('1', SYSDATE-2);
insert into source_table values ('1', SYSDATE-1);
insert into source_table values ('1', SYSDATE);
SELECT batch_no
FROM (
SELECT batch_no, row_number() over (order by batch_no desc) as row_num
FROM source_table
) t
WHERE row_num = 2
Where row_num = 2 represents the second biggest value in the table.
The query returns SYSDATE-1.
select rownum into v_rownum
from waitlist
where p_callnum=callnum
order by sysdate;
tried doing this but gives too many values.
and if I do p_snum=snum, it will keep returning 1. I need it to return 2 if it's #2 on the waitlist.
select rn into v_rownum
from (select callnum,
row_number() over (order by sysdate) rn
from waitlist)
where p_snum=snum;
Almost got it to work. Running into issues in the first select. I believe I might have to use v_count instead. Also Ordering by Sysdate even if a second apart will order it correctly.
SNU CALLNUM TIME
--- ---------- ---------
101 10125 11-DEC-18
103 10125 11-DEC-18
BTW time is = date which I entered people into waitlist using sysdate. So I suppose ordering by time could work.
create table waitlist(
snum varchar2(3),
callnum number(8),
time date,
constraint fk_waitlist_snum foreign key(snum) references students(snum),
constraint fk_waitlist_callnum foreign key(callnum) references schclasses(callnum),
primary key(snum,callnum)
);
is the waitlist table.
I used Scott's DEPT table to create your WAITLIST; department numbers represent CALLNUM column:
SQL> select * From waitlist;
CALLNUM WAITER
---------- --------------------
10 ACCOUNTING
20 RESEARCH
30 SALES
40 OPERATIONS
How to fetch data you need?
using analytic function (ROW_NUMBER) which orders values by CALLNUMs, you'll know the order
that query will be used as an inline view for the main query that returns number in the waitlist for any CALLNUM
Here's how:
SQL> select rn
2 from (select callnum,
3 row_number() over (order by callnum) rn
4 from waitlist
5 )
6 where callnum = 30;
RN
----------
3
SQL>
rownum in oracle is a generated column, it does not refer to any specific row, it is just the nth row in a set.
With a select into it can only return one row (hence the two many rows error) so rownum will always be 1.
Without more details about your table structure, and how you are uniquely identifying records it is hard to give assist you further with a solution.
I'm working with PL/SQL Developer.
I'm trying to update values in a column(existing table).
The values used to populate rows should be auto incremented. The starting value is the maximum value that already exist in such field.
An example, I have the following table
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
20 CAR 50
NULL VAN 100
NULL BIKE 10
NULL BOAT 300
After running the query I would expect the table to look like:
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
20 CAR 50
21 VAN 100
22 BIKE 10
23 BOAT 300
The query I created so far is:
DECLARE
temp_order_id number;
BEGIN
:temp_order_id = SELECT ISNULL(MAX((ORDER_ID)),0) + 1 FROM SALES_ACC;
update SALES_ACC
set (ORDER_ID) = :temp_order_id , :temp_order_id = :temp_order_id + 1
where (ORDER_ID) is null;
END;
Oracle doesn't like assigning a value from select statement to the temp_order_id variable.
Does anyone has any idea how to fix it?
You don't need pl/sql for this - you can do it in a single update statement - eg:
create table test1 as
select 20 order_id, 'CAR' t_name, 50 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'VAN' t_name, 100 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'BIKE' t_name, 10 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'BOAT' t_name, 300 t_price from dual;
update test1
set order_id = (select max(order_id) from test1) + rownum
where order_id is null;
commit;
select * from test1
order by 1;
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
---------- ------ ----------
20 CAR 50
21 VAN 100
22 BIKE 10
23 BOAT 300
drop table test1;
As a side note, it sounds like order_id is something that should really be the primary key of the table - if you had that, then you wouldn't be allowed to add a row without a value. Plus, you would also need a sequence that you would then use when inserting data into the table - e.g.:
insert into test1 (order_id, t_name, t_price)
values (test1_seq.nextval, 'TRIKE', 30);
ORACLE's recomended way for this is either:
Create a sequence and a trigger on the table to assign order_id as soon as row is being inserted
or, for Oracle 12c, you can have an IDENTITY column
See How to create id with AUTO_INCREMENT on Oracle?, both approaches are described there.
Within the DECLARE ... BEGIN ... END; section you are in PL/SQL syntax. That is not equal to the SQL syntax. Within PL/SQL syntax you should make use of the so called select into statement.
SELECT ISNULL(MAX((ORDER_ID)),0) + 1
into :temp_order_id
FROM SALES_ACC
I have table that stores employee job name, it has the following columns:
id; date_from; date_to; emp_id; jobname_id; grade;
Each emp_id can have many consecutive records with the same jobname_id due to many grade changes.
How can I select previous different jobname_id omitting those that are the same like the most current one?
This solution uses the FIRST_VALUE() analytic function to identify each employee's current job. It then filters for all the jobs which dfon't match that one:
select distinct id
, jobname_id
from ( select id
, jobname_id
, first_value(jobname_id) over (partition by id
order by from_date desc) as current_job
from employee
where emp_id = 1234 )
where jobname_id != current_job
order by id, jobname_id
/
Will this work for your issue:
SELECT DISTINCT
e1.emp_id,
e1.jobname_id
FROM employee e1
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT 1
FROM employee e2
WHERE e1.emp_id = e2.emp_id
AND SYSDATE BETWEEN e2.date_from
AND NVL(e2.date_to, SYSDATE + 1));
(This asumes your table is named "employee" and emp_id is the PK value).
It selects unique emp_id, jobname_id values where the emp_id, jobname_id values are not current.
EDIT: I agree with Chin Boon that fundamentally this is a design issue and perhaps that should be addressed rather than working around the problem.