I'd like to create two vagrant machines via two vagrant files, and be able to ssh into them via PuTTY.
I thought it might be as simple as port forwarding one of them via, say, port 2223 instead of 2222, and using two PuTTY connections.
Despite my vagrant ssh-config looking like this:
HostName 127.0.0.1
User vagrant
Port 2223
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
StrictHostKeyChecking no
PasswordAuthentication no
IdentityFile "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
IdentitiesOnly yes
LogLevel FATAL
... I seem able to ssh into it via PuTTY on port 2222, which I'm hoping to reserve for access to the other instance which I've not yet set up. I'm new to vagrant and may be making a noob mistake. Help appreciated.
As per Vagrant Base Box specification, the default networking mode is NAT and port forwarding for SSH is enabled (guest 22 => host 2222).
What you've done, changing the sshd_config file within the guest won't work because that only changes the SSH port within the guest to 2223, NOT the host.
For the 2nd vagrant box, you need to do the following:
Get the name or UUID VBoxManage list vms
Use VBoxManage showvminfo VM_Name to get the list of port forwarding rules
Delete its default guestssh NAT port forwarding rule
Add a new port forwarding rule to do guest 22 => host 2223
For example:
By default the rule is named ssh
NIC 1 Rule(1): name = ssh, protocol = tcp, host ip = 127.0.0.1, host port = 2222, guest ip = , guest port = 22
Delete it
VBoxManage modifyvm "VM_Name" --natpf1 delete "ssh"
Add a new rule
VBoxManage modifyvm base_box --natpf1 "guestssh, tcp,,2223,,22"
NOT DONE yet!!!
Do NOT use vagrant up to start this VM, because it'll add the ssh rule back.
You can use VirtualBox GUI or VBoxManage controlvm to start it. And connect to it using ssh -p 2223 vagrant#localhost, password is vagrant. You can also use the insecure key pair to do public key authentication, doesn't make much sense though.
NOTE: changing, adding and deleting port forwarding rules can be done using the VirtualBox GUI anyway, if it is easier for you.
You can set any port you like by putting this in your vagrantfile:
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2223
replacing 2223 with your port of choice - different for each VM, obviously.
Note that this is in addition to the standard 2222 port forwarding, which will still be mapped for every VM. One of them "wins" and answers on 2222 as well as whatever custom port you set up.
The procedure in the accepted answer may well work, but it seems a little convoluted.
Related
When i run vagrant up i get the following error:
Vagrant cannot forward the specified ports on this VM, since they
would collide with another VirtualBox virtual machine's forwarded
ports! The forwarded port to 3306 is already in use on the host
machine.
To fix this, modify your current projects Vagrantfile to use another
port. Example, where '1234' would be replaced by a unique host port:
config.vm.forward_port 80, 1234
I checked and i don't have any processes using port 3306 locally.
I also tried vagrant destroy and vagrant up, didn't help.
vagrant suspend followed by vagrant resume didn't help as well.
What else could be the issue?
What's your command to find the port?
Maybe you can see this. Vagrant Port Collision on Port 80, but Port 80 is not Forwarded in the VagrantFile
Turns out there was a process on my machine running on port 3306.
Running lsof -i :3306 didn't show it, only when i used sudo it did.
I have a few vagrant VMs (both on Mac and windows, all running linux). I have port forwarding defined like this in the Vagrant file:
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 9007
The first time I do a vagrant up it works fine. But then when I do a vagrant reload or vagrant halt followed by vagrant up I get this message:
Vagrant cannot forward the specified ports on this VM, since they
would collide with some other application that is already listening
on these ports. The forwarded port to 9007 is already in use
on the host machine.
To fix this, modify your current project's Vagrantfile to use another
port. Example, where '1234' would be replaced by a unique host port:
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 1234
Sometimes, Vagrant will attempt to auto-correct this for you. In this
case, Vagrant was unable to. This is usually because the guest machine
is in a state which doesn't allow modifying port forwarding. You could
try 'vagrant reload' (equivalent of running a halt followed by an up)
so vagrant can attempt to auto-correct this upon booting. Be warned
that any unsaved work might be lost.
Then I have to change the port to bring up the VM, which is a pain. I have checked with netstat and lsof, and nothing seems to be using the port. I though it was perhaps a timing issue, and after a while I could use the port, but even after waiting many hours I still get the error.
This happens in both the Mac and Windows environments. Is there some setting that would allow me to reuse the ports?
I generally use static IP to avoid issues with port forwarding. Vagrant has an auto_correct feature to help fix that.
from vagrant forwarded port docs
It is common when running multiple Vagrant machines to unknowingly
create forwarded port definitions that collide with each other (two
separate Vagrant projects forwarded to port 8080, for example).
Vagrant includes built-in mechanism to detect this and correct it,
automatically.
Port collision detection is always done. Vagrant will not allow you to
define a forwarded port where the port on the host appears to be
accepting traffic or connections.
Port collision auto-correction must be manually enabled for each
forwarded port, since it is often surprising when it occurs and can
lead the Vagrant user to think that the port was not properly
forwarded. Enabling auto correct is easy:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080,
auto_correct: true
end
The final :auto_correct parameter set to true tells Vagrant to auto
correct any collisions. During a vagrant up or vagrant reload, Vagrant
will output information about any collisions detections and auto
corrections made, so you can take notice and act accordingly.
For example I have an app which run vagrant machines dynamically and expect some info from them will be sent through http to specific host machine port. So, my app listening specified port (http server) and I can't forward that port:
C:\node-vagrant-test-task>vagrant reload
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports... Vagrant cannot forward the specified ports on this VM, since they would
collide with some other application that is already listening on these
ports. The forwarded port to 8080 is already in use on the host
machine.
To fix this, modify your current project's Vagrantfile to use another
port. Example, where '1234' would be replaced by a unique host port:
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 8080, host: 1234
Sometimes, Vagrant will attempt to auto-correct this for you. In this
case, Vagrant was unable to. This is usually because the guest machine
is in a state which doesn't allow modifying port forwarding. You could
try 'vagrant reload' (equivalent of running a halt followed by an up)
so vagrant can attempt to auto-correct this upon booting. Be warned
that any unsaved work might be lost.
If you do not want to mess with forwarding port, the best is to use a static IP for the guest
you can do either private or public networks with a static IP
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.50.4"
end
or
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.50.4"
end
so you dont need to forward the 8080 port and can access your app directly on http://192.168.50.4:8080
If you need to then access the host machine for this guest, you can access it via 192.168.50.1
The scenario is that my dev environment is on a Vagrant box on my laptop (host) and I would like to do browser testing in a vitualbox vm, so I need to see one vm from another.
The vagrant box's port is :8080 which is forwarded to the host on the same port :8080. So I can see the server from the host at localhost:8080
Which address should I be using for the browser testing vm?
The testing vm's default gateway?
The vagrant vm's ip?
The host's virtual network ip?
And should I be using a NAT or host only adapter on the browser testing vm?
That makes for a lot of combinations, all of which I believe I have tried. What else do I need to understand here?
In your use case, you should be using Bridged networking (Public Network in Vagrant). If the VMs reside on the same host, you can even use internal (Private Network in Vagrant).
If using Public Network, the VM's 2nd NIC will be able to obtain an IP address from the DHCP server in your network (e.g. your home router).
Simply add the following code block in your Vagrantfile and do a vagrant reload
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "public_network"
end
You should be able to get the IP address by using vagrant ssh and ifconfig / ip addr show.
In case you don't want to go with public_network just like me then you should do the steps below using private_network:
Open Vagrantfile from your project root
Search for config.vm.network
Add this line config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10". Remember this is not the IP of your base machine it's a virtual-box IP address and your machine IP should be different. You can say it's a fake IP address so change it to anything else like 192.168.30.20.
Reload your vagrant using vagrant reload.
Now go to your other virtual guest in my case it's the Windows Guest 2. My base is Linux Mint Vagrant box is on Ubuntu Guest 1. Open C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file as admin and do the above IP's entry in there like 192.168.33.10 local.youralias.com. And save the file, after that you can now browse the site now at http://local.youralias.com/.
In case your guest 2 is also Linux just edit this file sudo vi /etc/hosts, and add this line at top of it 192.168.33.10 local.youralias.com. Now save and exit and browse the URL :)
Enjoy! Happy coding.
Adding to accepted answer, you can actually set IP and specify which network interface to use.
My setup on linux box via wifi and static IP:
You can find your wifi interface name by running ifconfig command.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "public_network", :bridge => 'wlp8s0', ip: "192.168.1.199"
end
This may have many source cause. In my case, I use vagrant fedora boxe.
I tried:
First using the private_network that I attached to a host only adapter and launched httpd service to test the connection between guest and host
config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp", name: "vboxnet2"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest:80, host:7070
but I was not able to ping my guest machine from the host and could no telnet the httpd service opened
Second using public_network and launched httpd service to test connectivity
config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)", use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true
I could ping my guest from my host but I could not telnet the httpd service.
For this two use case, the issue was that the port 80 on the fedora guest host was blocked by the firewall. Here is what fixed the issue and get all working for both privat_network and public_ntwork:
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port 80/tcp #open the port permanently
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --list-port # list to check if the port was opened
systemctl stop firewalld # stop and open the firewall service
systemctl start firewalld
Old question, new answer: [disclaimer: i am not a vagrant expert]
both solutions might work but the solution in the "vagrant way of thinking" is that some component in your guest (rinetd?) should forward any requests to unknown ports to the host. From the host the request could then be mapped (via vagrant port forwarding) to a services that is running in the other guest.
So, to resume:
1.in guest-1 we do localhost:1234. Guest-1 will detect that this port is not available and forward to host
2. the host will check the vagrant port forwarding and forward to guest-2
3. in guest-2 we have some nice service listening to post 1234
4. done.
I'm working on a web services architecture. I've got some software that I need to run on the native host machine, not in Vagrant. But I'd like to run some client services on the guest.
Vagrant's config.vm.forwarded_port parameter will open a port on the host and send the data to the guest. But how can I open a port on the guest and send the data to the host? (It's still port forwarding, but in the reverse direction.)
When you run vagrant ssh, it's actually using this underlying command:
ssh -p 2222 -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o LogLevel=ERROR -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -i ~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key vagrant#127.0.0.1
SSH supports forwarding ports in the direction you want with the -R guestport:host:hostport option. So, if you wanted to connect to port 12345 on the guest and have it forwarded to localhost:80, you would use this command:
ssh -p 2222 -R 12345:localhost:80 -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o LogLevel=ERROR -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -i ~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key vagrant#127.0.0.1
As Eero correctly comments, you can also use the command vagrant ssh -- -R 12345:localhost:80, which has the same effect in a much more concise command.
In the book Vagrant: Up and Running (Pub. date: June 12, 2013), written by the creator of Vagrant, he mentioned that it is not possible for guest machine to access services running on the host machine.
Instead of using Forwarded Ports, you could set up a private network using Host-Only Networks.
Pros of using Host-Only Networks over Forwarded Ports
Guest machines may access the services running on host machine
This feature would solve your problem.
Guest machines may access the services running on other guest machine
This feature is very useful to separate services onto multiple machines to more accurately mimic a production environment.
Secure
Outside machines have no ways to access the services running on the guest machines
Less work
No need to configure every single Forwarded Port
How to configure Host-Only Networks
config.vm.network :"hostonly", "192.168.0.0" # Vagrant Version #1
config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.0.0" # Vagrant Version #2
Having this line in your Vagrantfile will instruct vagrant to create a private network that has a static IP address: 192.168.0.0
The IP address of the host is always the same IP address but with the final octet as a 1. In the preceding example, the host machine would have the IP address 192.168.0.1.
You can access ports on the host machine through the default gateway inside the guest OS. (Which typically has an IP of 10.0.2.2.)
For example, if you have a webserver running on port 8000 on your host machine...
echo 'Hello, guest!' > hello
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000
You can access it from inside the Vagrant VM at 10.0.2.2:8000 (provided 10.0.2.2 is the ip of the guest's default gateway):
vagrant ssh
curl http://10.0.2.2:8000/hello # Outputs: Hello, guest!
To find the IP of the default gateway inside the guest OS, run netstat -rn (or ipconfig on a Windows guest) and look for the row with a destination IP of 0.0.0.0 (or the field labeled "Default Gateway" on Windows):
$ netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.33.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
You can extract this IP programmatically with netstat -rn | grep "^0.0.0.0 " | tr -s ' ' | cut -d " " -f2.
Sources: How to connect with host PostgreSQL from vagrant virtualbox machine; Connect to the host machine from a VirtualBox guest OS?
Add following to your ~/.ssh/config on the host machine:
Host 127.0.0.1
RemoteForward 52698 127.0.0.1:52698
It lets you access a service on host machine port 52698 from Vagrant, as long as you logged in via vagrant ssh.
You can confirm it works by running netstat -lt on vagrant VM and taking a note on the following lines:
tcp 0 0 localhost:52698 *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:52698 [::]:* LISTEN
I can access services running on my host machine via its local IP address (not its loopback address). I tested by creating an http server on port 80 (and then on port 987) and curling 197.45.0.10:80 and 197.45.0.10:987 (actual ip address changed to protect the innocent). It worked both times, and I don't have any special vagrant configuration (no public_network, no forwarded_port) and while I do have some ports forwarded via PuTTY, I don't have ports 80 and 987 forwarded. So maybe try using the host machine's local or public IP address.
And if you want to access (ssh into) one guest vagrant instance from another, you can enable public_network as well as forwarding from port 22 in the Vagrantfile like this:
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2200
Then as long as that port is open (ie do some more port forwarding in your router config) you can access that machine from anywhere, even the outside world.