life cycle of the Secure element - nfc

I was looking into different resources to find clear explanation about "life cycle of the Secure element" . the buzz phrase is every where on NFC materials but no clear diagram or defined state of "life cycle "
Could anyone shed a light on this please ? any direction for resource to would be much appreciated.

You should read the GlobalPlatform card specification, it is covered in depth.

Related

Trouble understanding exon-chaining problem

I'm currently trying to build a music generator. In order to improve my deal with patterns in music, I have read this article, which states that "This algorithm (exon-chaining algorithm) can be modified to accommodate the pattern selection problem by replacing the weight of an interval with its duration".(page 9).
However, I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of the exon-chaining problem. I have looked for this problem in many different presentations and articles but still couldn't find satisfying information. I would really appreciate it if someone could explain it to me.
Thanks in advance.

behaviour or pattern recognition?

I am getting the gps position and time of a voluntary person which moves around. I am acquiring the position every second with Matlab and save it in a matrix.
Now I would like to be able to say if the person is moving normal or not. For example running in circles is not normal for a person who usually only walks around.
I am not looking for a complete solution because I would like to learn through my project and understand every aspect. I would be very grateful if you could show me the right direction. Good literature, tutorials and simple catchwords would also be very helpful for me because at the moment I dont know how to approach my problem.
Thank you very much in advance!
Kind regards,
Tom
What you're looking for is anomaly detection. The primary commercial application of this technology is in fraud detection. As for pointing to resources any books that cover data mining should have a section about anomaly detection.
Something to for warn you about, it sounds from your description that you will be working with time series data which is its own branch of data mining.
Catchwords: Anomaly Detection, and Time Series Data.
Books: ISBN-13 978-0321321367 Introduction to Data Mining (This is a good starting point if you don't have a lot of background in the subject)

Understanding figures in the algorithm design manual

I want to start learning about algorithms so I began reading The Algorithm Design Manual by Steven Skiena because it is recommended in some threads I read in SO. However, I just stopped here
and can't understand most of it because many explanations are represented in figures or images and my screen reader recognize but can't read them.
For example,
"The nearest neighbor rule is very efficient, for it looks at each pair of points
tex2html_wrap_inline23349 //That's how my screen reader read it, I asume it's an image.
at most twice, once when adding
tex2html_wrap_inline23351 //image
to the tour, the other when adding
tex2html_wrap_inline23353 //another image
Against all these positives there is only one problem. This algorithm is completely wrong."
This is really frustrating for me because I'm beginning to enjoy this though I can understand why those images help a lot of readers.
So is their a way to understand this thing without seeing the figures? Or should I read another book?
Thanks in advance and happy new year everyone.
Considering these algorithms are dealing with geometrical analysis, I am afraid it would be difficult to understand them without the images, and even more difficult to replace these images with an equivalent textual description.

Does anyone know what google news uses for their clustering algorithm?

curious if anyone has insight into what algorithm google news uses to group like stories together? k-means? or something custom?
It is kind of difficult to find that out, I guess; but for now I found this good white paper on possible algorithms for Google News Personalisation suggestions. Have a look for yourself:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.80.4329&rep=rep1&type=pdf
The three algorithms covered here are:
(1) MinHash clustering
(2) Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing
(3) Covisitation
and some combinations.
Hope this information was helpful!
When Google launched Google News, they used to put a small section about the algorithms they used to group on "About Google News" page, there was a mention of "An advanced Bayesian Network" and some other algorithms(no other algorithms names were mentioned!). That paragraph is now absent from the same page.

What is a Swamp Diagram?

Someone told me about swamp diagrams explaning that they were useful to predict code quality by measuring the rate of incoming defects and outgoing fixes on a given product.
Unfortunately, I am unable to find additional information on those diagrams and I am wondering if it is a jargon term specific to one company.
Can you explain what a swamp diagram is?
You can see an example of a "swamp diagram" in this article about the "THE COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CESR", page 5 of the pdf or p. 1988 of that document.
(CESR is the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, designed to provide colliding electron and positron beams up to center-ofmass energy of 16 GeV.)
(obviously, I am just copying stuff from the article here, I am just a coder, not a physicist ;) )
Now what is interesting about a swamp diagram is the repartition ratio aspect, the way you can easily see groups ("swamps") of data against two axis.
If your two axes are:
the rate of incoming defects and
the rate of outgoing fixes
You can visualize the nature of the fixing: is that fixing process efficient when a lot of bugs are found or not ?
And that can tell you a lot on the nature of the defects found (that 'lot' or swamp can refers to many very easy bugs due to a stupid typo repeated in lots of file and easily corrected, but that other lot quite as important but fixed really slowly may indicate a more structural problem affecting perhaps the architectural choices of your application: you want to focus on that swamp)
Finally, no, it is not an internal term from some company, just an old term referring to old diagrams of... actual geographic swamp repartition over a given territory. (as this article about "Forest destruction by early Polynesians" from 1977 shows, go back a few pages to see that map)
As David Segonds says in a comment, the modern name would be a "binomial trendline" (although the ratio aspect tends to get a bit lost in that kind of diagram).
You can see an example in this Graph of voter turnout by age.
Another modern example of a swamp diagram would be this diagram showing each county as an ellipse, with the size of the ellipse proportional to the population of the county (more precisely, the voter turnout) in the two elections. (weird, only political examples seem to pop-up in relation with that kind of data representation ;)
[Disclaimer: the following is just an example, and in no way illustrates any kind of political opinion here ;) ]

Resources