I run a script with the param -A AA/BB . To get an array with AA and BB, i can do this.
INPUT_PARAM=(${AIRLINE_OPTION//-A / }) #get rid of the '-A ' in the begining
LIST=(${AIRLINES_PARAM//\// }) # split by '/'
Can we achieve this in a single line?
Thanks in advance.
One way
IFS=/ read -r -a LIST <<< "${AIRLINE_OPTION//-A /}"
This places the output from the parameter substitution ${AIRLINE_OPTION//-A /} into a "here-string" and uses the bash read built-in to parse this into an array. Splitting by / is achieved by setting the value of IFS to / for the read command.
LIST=( $(IFS=/; for x in ${AIRLINE_OPTION#-A }; do printf "$x "; done) )
This is a portable solution, but if your read supports -a and you don't mind portability then you should go for #1_CR's solution.
With awk, for example, you can create an array and store it in LIST variable:
$ LIST=($(awk -F"[\/ ]" '{print $2,$3}' <<< "-A AA/BB"))
Result:
$ echo ${LIST[0]}
AA
$ echo ${LIST[1]}
BB
Explanation
-F"[\/ ]" defines two possible field separators: a space or a slash /.
'{print $2$3}' prints the 2nd and 3rd fields based on those separators.
Related
I have two strings saved in a bash variable delimited by :. I want to get extract the second string, prepend that with THIS_VAR= and append it to a file named saved.txt
For example if myVar="abc:pqr", THIS_VAR=pqr should be appended to saved.txt.
This is what I have so far,
myVar="abc:pqr"
echo $myVar | cut -d ':' -f 2 >> saved.txt
How do I prepend THIS_VAR=?
printf 'THIS_VAR=%q\n' "${myVar#*:}"
See Shell Parameter Expansion and run help printf.
The more general solution in addition to #konsolebox's answer is piping into a compound statement, where you can perform arbitrary operations:
echo This is in the middle | {
echo This is first
cat
echo This is last
}
I have a variable MyVar with values stored in it. For example:
MyVar="123, 234, 345, 456"
Each entry in the variable is separated by a coma as in the example above.
I want to be able to pick the first and last entry from this variable, i.e 123 and 456 respectively.
Any idea how I can achieve this from the command prompt terminal ?
Thanks!
Using bash substring removal:
$ echo ${MyVar##*,}
456
$ echo ${MyVar%%,*}
123
Also:
$ echo ${MyVar/,*,/,}
123, 456
More for example here:
https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/parameter-substitution.html
Edit: Above kind of expects the substrings to be separated by commas only. See comments where #costaparas gloriously demonstrates a case with , .
Try using sed:
MyVar="123, 234, 345, 456"
first=$(echo "$MyVar" | sed 's/,.*//')
last=$(echo "$MyVar" | sed 's/.*, //')
echo $first $last
Explanation:
To obtain the first string, we replace everything after & including
the first comma with nothing (empty string).
To obtain the last string, we replace everything before & including the last comma with nothing (empty string).
Using bash array:
IFS=', ' arr=($MyVar)
echo ${arr[0]} ${arr[-1]}
Where ${arr[0]} and ${arr[-1]} are your first and last respective values. Negative index requires bash 4.2 or later.
You could try following also with latest BASH version, by sending variable values into an array and then retrieve first and last element, keeping all either values in it saved in case you need them later in program etc.
IFS=', ' read -r -a array <<< "$MyVar"
echo "${array[0]}"
123
echo "${array[-1]}"
456
Awk alternative:
awk -F "(, )" '{ print $1" - "$NF }' <<< $MyVar
Set the field separator to command and a space. Print the first field and the last field (NF) with " - " in between.
I wrote a bash script to read multiple inputs from the user
Here is the command:
read -a choice
In this way, I can put all the inputs in the choice variable as an array so that I can extract them using an index.
The problem is that when one of the inputs, which is a string has space in it, like
user1 google.com "login: myLogin\npassword: myPassword"
the read command will split the quoted string into 3 words. How can I stop this from happening?
bash doesn't process quotes in user input. The only thing I can think of is to use eval to execute an array assignment.
IFS= read -r input
eval "choice=($input)"
Unfortunately this is dangerous -- if the input contains executable code, it will be executed by eval.
You can use a tab instead of space as a field delimiter. For instance :
$ IFS=$'\t' read -a choice
value1 value2 a value with many words ## This is typed
$ echo ${choice[2]}
a value with many words
Regards!
Given risk of using eval, and the fact the input seems to have only two types of tokens: unquoted, and quoted, consider using scripting engine that will put all text into proper format that will be easy to read.
It's not clear from the example what other quoting rules are used. Example assume 'standard' escaped that can be processed with bash #E processor.
The following uses Perl one liner to generate TAB delimited tokens (hopefully, raw tabs can not be part of the input, but other character can be used instead).
input='user1 google.com "login: myLogin\npassword: myPassword"'
tsv_input=$(perl -e '$_ = " $ARGV[0]" ; print $2 // $3, "\t" while ( /\s+("([^"]*)"|(\S*))/g) ;' "$input")
IFS=$'\t' read -d '' id domain values <<< $(echo -e "${tsv_input#E}")
Or using a function to get more readable code
function data_to_tsv {
# Translate to TSV
local tsv_input=$(perl -e '$_ = " $ARGV[0]" ; print $2 // $3, "\t" while ( /\s+("([^"]*)"|(\S*))/g) ;' "$1")
# Process escapes
echo -n "${tsv_input#E}"
}
input='user1 google.com "login: myLogin\npassword: myPassword"'
IFS=$'\t' read -d '' id domain values <<< $(data_to_tsv "$input")
I have to format the width of a substring within a string using a bash script, but without using tokens or loops. A single character between two colons should be prepended by a 0 in order to match the standard width of 2 for each field.
For e.g
from:
6:0:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:0:c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:0:1:3
to
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
How can I do this?
sed -r 's/\<([0-9a-f])\>/0\1/g'
Search and replace with a regex. Use \< and \> to match word boundaries so [0-9a-f] only matches single digits.
$ sed -r 's/\<([0-9a-f])\>/0\1/g' <<< "6:0:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:0:c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:0:1:3"
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
awk -F: -v OFS=: '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) if(length($i)==1)gsub($i,"0&",$i)}1' file
Output:
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
This will divide the whole line into fields separated by : , if the length of any of the field is == 1. then it will replace that field with 0field.
Bash solution:
IFS=:; for i in $string; do echo -n 0$i: | tail -c 3; done
With
str="06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03"
you can add a '0' to all tokens and remove those that are unwanted:
sed -r 's/0([0-9a-f]{2})/\1/g' <<< "0${str//:/:0}"
That doesn't feel right, making errors and repairing them.
A better alternative is
echo $(IFS=:; printf "%2s:" ${str} | tr " " "0")
I'm trying to split a tab delimitted field in bash.
I am aware of this answer: how to split a string in shell and get the last field
But that does not answer for a tab character.
I want to do get the part of a string before the tab character, so I'm doing this:
x=`head -1 my-file.txt`
echo ${x%\t*}
But the \t is matching on the letter 't' and not on a tab. What is the best way to do this?
Thanks
If your file look something like this (with tab as separator):
1st-field 2nd-field
you can use cut to extract the first field (operates on tab by default):
$ cut -f1 input
1st-field
If you're using awk, there is no need to use tail to get the last line, changing the input to:
1:1st-field 2nd-field
2:1st-field 2nd-field
3:1st-field 2nd-field
4:1st-field 2nd-field
5:1st-field 2nd-field
6:1st-field 2nd-field
7:1st-field 2nd-field
8:1st-field 2nd-field
9:1st-field 2nd-field
10:1st-field 2nd-field
Solution using awk:
$ awk 'END {print $1}' input
10:1st-field
Pure bash-solution:
#!/bin/bash
while read a b;do last=$a; done < input
echo $last
outputs:
$ ./tab.sh
10:1st-field
Lastly, a solution using sed
$ sed '$s/\(^[^\t]*\).*$/\1/' input
10:1st-field
here, $ is the range operator; i.e. operate on the last line only.
For your original question, use a literal tab, i.e.
x="1st-field 2nd-field"
echo ${x% *}
outputs:
1st-field
Use $'ANSI-C' strings in the parameter expansion:
$ x=$'abc\tdef\tghi'
$ echo "$s"
abc def ghi
$ echo ">>${x%%$'\t'*}<<"
>>abc<<
read field1 field2 <<< ${tabDelimitedField}
or
read field1 field2 <<< $(command_producing_tab_delimited_output)
Use awk.
echo $yourfield | awk '{print $1}'
or, in your case, for the first field from the the last line of a file
tail yourfile | awk '{x=$1}END{print x}'
There is an easy way for a tab separated string : convert it to an array.
Create a string with tabs ($ added before for '\t' interpretation) :
AAA=$'ABC\tDEF\tGHI'
Split the string as an array using parenthesis :
BBB=($AAA)
Get access to any element :
echo ${BBB[0]}
ABC
echo ${BBB[1]}
DEF
echo ${BBB[2]}
GHI
x=first$'\t'second
echo "${x%$'\t'*}"
See QUOTING in man bash
The answer from https://stackoverflow.com/users/1815797/gniourf-gniourf hints at the use of built in field parsing in bash, but does not really complete the answer. The use of the IFS shell parameter to set the input field separate will complete the picture and give the ability to parse files which are tab-delimited, of a fixed number of fields, in pure bash.
echo -e "a\tb\tc\nd\te\tf" > myfile
while IFS='<literaltab>' read f1 f2 f3;do echo "$f1 = $f2 + $f3"; done < myfile
a = b + c
d = e + f
Where, of course, is replaced by a real tab, not \t. Often, Control-V Tab does this in a terminal.