This question already has answers here:
Bash for loop with wildcards and hidden files
(6 answers)
Closed 9 years ago.
I'm using a bash script to iterate over all files in a directory. But the loop is skipping over files that begin with a '.' such as '.bashrc' I'm not sure if .bashrc is failing the file test or is being omitted from the wildcard '*'. I've tried double quotes around "$item" but same result. How can I make this loop include .bashrc files?
id=0
cd $USERDIR
for item in *
do
if [[ -f $item ]]; then
cdir[$id]=$item
id=$(($id+1))
echo $item
fi
done
It's not the loop omitting those files, it's the expansion of * by the shell. If you want the dotfiles as well, use:
for item in .* *
From the bash manpage:
When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character "." at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglob is set.
That last sentence on the dotglob option may seem to be useful but you should be wary of changing options that may affect later code. The safest way to use them is to ensure you set them back to their original values, something like:
rest_cmd=$(shopt -p dotglob) # Get restoration command
shopt -s dotglob # Set option
for item in * ; do
blah blah blah
done
${rest_cmd} # Restore option
But, in this case, I'd just stick with the explicit use of .* * since that's an easy solution.
You can set dotglob
shopt -s dotglob
for item in *; do echo "$item"; done
Related
I have extglob set and dotglob unset.
.* also yields . and .., very evil in conjunction with mv or cp.
I played around a bit and found that *(?(.)+([^.])) and $(ls -A) give the desired result, but I think there should be an easier way...
EDIT: Sorry, I should have mentioned that I am looking for an expression to be used at the prompt, not within a script.
unset GLOBIGNORE # empty-by-default, but let's make sure
shopt -s dotglob # disable special handling for "hidden" files
# ...and with the above items both done:
files=( * ) # just an example use of a glob
...sets the array files to contain all objects in the current directory except . and ..; any other use of * would behave similarly.
If I have a file name with spaces and a random set of numbers that looks like this:
file name1234.csv
I want to rename it to this (assuming date is previously specified):
file_name_${date}.csv
I am able to do it like this:
mv 'file name'*'.csv file_name_${date}.csv
However, in a situation that 'file name*.csv' can actually match multiple files, I want to specify that it's 'file name[random numbers].csv'
I've searched around and can't find any relevant answers.
You need what is called a "pathname expansion", to match one or more digits:
+([0-9])
A functional script could be like this one:
date=$(date +'%Y-%m-%d')
shopt -s extglob nullglob
for f in 'file name'+([[:digit:]]).csv; do
file="${f%%[0-9]*}"
echo mv "$f" "${file// /_}_${date}.csv"
done
Warning: all files found will be renamed to just one name, make sure that that is what you want before removing the echo.
To activate the extended version of "Pathname Expansion" we use shopt -s extglob.
To avoid the case where no file is matched, we also need the nullglob set.
We can set the positional arguments to the result of the above expansion.
Then we loop over all files found to change each of their names.
The ${f%%[0-9]*} removes all from the digits to the end.
The ${file// /_} replaces spaces with underscores.
The mv is not actually done with the script presented because of the echo.
If after running a test, you want the change(s) performed, remove the echo.
Use Extended Globs and Parameter Expansion
You can do what you want with Bash extended globs and a few parameter expansions, without resorting to external or non-standard utilities.
date="2016-11-21"
shopt -s extglob
for file in 'file name'+([[:digit:]]).csv; do
newfile="${file%%[0-9]*}"
newfile="${newfile// /_}"
mv "$file" "${newfile}_${date}.csv"
done
I am making a shell script that allows you to select a file from a directory using YAD. I am doing this:
list='';
exc='!'
for f in "$SHOTS_NOT_CONVERTED_DIR"/*;do
f=`basename $f`
list="${list}${exc}${f}"
done
The problem is that if there are no files in that directory, I end up with a selection with *.
What's the easiest, most elegant way to make this work in Bash?
The goal is to have an empty list if there are no files there.
* expansion is called a glob expressions. The bash manual calls it filename expansion.
You need to set the nullglob option. Doing so gives you an empty result if the glob expression does not find files:
shopt -s nullglob
list='';
exc='!'
for f in "$SHOTS_NOT_CONVERTED_DIR"/*;do
# Btw, use $() instead of ``
f=$(basename "$f")
list="${list}${exc}${f}"
done
This question already has answers here:
How to skip the for loop when there are no matching files?
(2 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I want to loop over all files matching extension jpg or txt. I use:
for file in myDir/*.{jpg,txt}
do
echo "$file"
done
Problem: If the directory contains no jpg file at all, the loop will have one iteration with output myDir/*.jpg. I thought * will be replaced by an arbitrary file (and if no file exists it cannot be expanded). How can I avoid the unwanted iteration?
Use this to avoid the unwanted iteration:
shopt -s nullglob
From man bash:
nullglob: If set, bash allows patterns which match no files (see Pathname Expansion above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
See: help shopt and shopt
This and a duplicate question both were in context of not just pathname-expansion, but also brace-expansion, and a duplicate asked for POSIX.
The compgen -G does bash --posix compatible pathname-expansion (no brace-expansion) and... you guessed it: yields nothing if there are no matches.
Therefore write a bash --posix function to do it. Brief outline: temporarily use set -f to first do brace-expansion (without pathname-expansion) via an echo, then apply compgen -G to each result for pathname-expansion. Full function left as an exercise.
This question already has answers here:
How to skip the for loop when there are no matching files?
(2 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I have this bash "for in" loop that looks for pdf files in a directory and prompt them (simplified for the example)
#!/bin/bash
for pic in "$INPUT"/*.pdf
do
echo "found: ${pic}"
done
This script works well when there are pdf files in $INPUT directory, however, when there are no pdf files in the directory, I get :
found: /home/.../input-folder/*.pdf
Is it the expected behavior ?
How can I deal with it with a for in loop ?
Do I need to use ls or find ?
I tried with and without quotes around "$INPUT". There are no spaces in files names and directory names.
This is the expected behavior. According to the bash man page, in the Pathname Expansion section:
After word splitting, unless the -f option has been set, bash scans each word for the characters *, ?, and [. If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a pattern, and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no matching file names are found, and the shell option nullglob is not enabled, the word is left unchanged.
As a result, if no matches for "$INPUT"/*.pdf are found, the loop will be executed on the pattern itself. But in the next sentence of the man page:
If the nullglob option is set, and no matches are found, the word is removed.
That's what you want! So just do:
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s nullglob
for pic in "$INPUT"/*.pdf
do
echo "found: ${pic}"
done
(But be aware that this may change the behavior of other things in unexpected ways. For example, try running shopt -s nullglob; ls *.unmatchedextension and see what happens.)
I would just add a file exists test like this:
#!/bin/bash
if test -e `echo "$INPUT"/*.pdf | cut -d' ' -f1`
then
for pic in "$INPUT"/*.pdf
do
echo "found: ${pic}"
done
fi