awk - apply to all fields except one? - bash

Question

Have a file where I want to preform awk Gsub on all fields except the first field. There are variable number of fields, so i am trying to figure out if I can write a conditional command to apply to all but $1.
I'd even work if there were a way to say ${2-20}. However, I can't seem to find this type of a command anywhere for awk. Thanks. Here's an example to practice on.
I am looking to do something like this:
EDIT
I tried this but it did not change anything.
awk 'x!=$1{gsub("C","g",x);gsub("G","c",x);gsub("T","a",x);gsub("A","t",x)}{print}' F1
F1
G 6472 193 0.0 0.0 193.0 0.0 0.0 C d
T 6482 91 91.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T d
G 7482 187 0.0 0.0 187.0 0.0 0.0 C d
T 8860 74 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.0 0.0 A d
G 9254 52 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 C d
A 10059 78 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T d
G 10476 757 0.0 1.0 755.0 1.0 0.0 C d
G 16122 125 0.0 1.0 124.0 0.0 0.0 C d
G 17053 316 0.0 0.0 316.0 0.0 0.0 C d
G 19312 56 0.0 0.0 55.0 1.0 0.0 C d
Desired out
G 6472 193 0.0 0.0 193.0 0.0 0.0 g d
T 6482 91 91.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 a d
G 7482 187 0.0 0.0 187.0 0.0 0.0 g d
T 8860 74 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.0 0.0 t d
G 9254 52 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 g d
A 10059 78 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 a d
G 10476 757 0.0 1.0 755.0 1.0 0.0 g d
G 16122 125 0.0 1.0 124.0 0.0 0.0 g d
G 17053 316 0.0 0.0 316.0 0.0 0.0 g d
G 19312 56 0.0 0.0 55.0 1.0 0.0 g d
Thanks.

Answer 1

Another way, ... going off your code:
awk '{ s=$1; sub($1,""); gsub("C","g"); gsub("G","c"); gsub("T","a"); gsub("A","t"); print s $0 }' filename
To preserve the whitespaces I used sub($1,"") instead of $1="".

Answer 2

this line does what you want:
awk 'BEGIN{d["C"]="g";d["G"]=c;d["T"]="a";d["A"]="t"}
$(NF-1) in d{$(NF-1)=d[$(NF-1)]}7' file

Answer 3

Just another option for translating characters, maybe overkill for this particular example:
$ cat tst.awk
function tr(old,new,str, oldA,newA,i) {
split(old,oldA,"")
split(new,newA,"")
for (i=1;i in oldA;i++) {
gsub(oldA[i],newA[i],str)
}
return str
}
{ print $1 tr("CGTA","gcat",substr($0,2)) }
$ awk -f tst.awk file
G 6472 193 0.0 0.0 193.0 0.0 0.0 g d
T 6482 91 91.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 a d
G 7482 187 0.0 0.0 187.0 0.0 0.0 g d
T 8860 74 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.0 0.0 t d
G 9254 52 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 g d
A 10059 78 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 a d
G 10476 757 0.0 1.0 755.0 1.0 0.0 g d
G 16122 125 0.0 1.0 124.0 0.0 0.0 g d
G 17053 316 0.0 0.0 316.0 0.0 0.0 g d
G 19312 56 0.0 0.0 55.0 1.0 0.0 g d

Answer 4

combining Kents answer and shellters answer in the comments, I came up with this script which allows me to change capitols to capitols and maintain the white spice as it originally was.
awk '
BEGIN{d["G"]="C";d["C"]="G";d["T"]="A";d["A"]="T";FS="";OFS=""}
{for(i=2;i<(NF+1);i++)
{if($i in d)
$i=d[$i]}
}
{print}' $1
Output:
G 6472 193 0.0 0.0 193.0 0.0 0.0 G d
T 6482 91 91.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A d
G 7482 187 0.0 0.0 187.0 0.0 0.0 G d
T 8860 74 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.0 0.0 T d
G 9254 52 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 G d
A 10059 78 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A d
G 10476 757 0.0 1.0 755.0 1.0 0.0 G d
G 16122 125 0.0 1.0 124.0 0.0 0.0 G d
G 17053 316 0.0 0.0 316.0 0.0 0.0 G d
G 19312 56 0.0 0.0 55.0 1.0 0.0 G d