I have made (with my little knowledge of Bash and an extensive use of a search engine) a Bash script to reorder the pages of a big PDF file:
#!/bin/bash
file=originalfile.pdf;
newfile=$(basename $file .pdf)-2.pdf;
tmpfile=$(mktemp --suffix=.pdf);
blankfile=$(mktemp --suffix=.pdf);
cp -f $file $newfile;
cp -f $file $tmpfile;
numberofpages=`pdftk $file dump_data | grep "NumberOfPages" | sed 's:.*\([0-9][0-9*]\).*:\1:'`;
echo "" | ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a4 - $blankfile;
while (( $numberofpages % 4 != 0 ));
do
((numberofpages++));
pdftk A=$newfile B=$blankfile cat A B output $tmpfile;
cp -f $tmpfile $newfile;
done;
neworder=`
for (( a=1, b=3, c=4, d=2 ;
a <=numberofpages ;
((a+=4)), ((b+=4)), ((c+=4)), ((d+=4))
));
do
echo -n "$a $b $c $d ";
done`;
pdftk $tmpfile cat $neworder output $newfile;
I wanted to make a Nautilus-Actions script out of it so it could be "installed" and used by a regular user. By regular user, I mean someone unable to type any command-line and unable to follow a few steps to copy the script at a specified place.
Unfortunately the script didn't work and I came up with this new script thanks to the help of people commenting below:
#!/bin/bash
file=originalfile.pdf;
newfile=$(basename $file .pdf)-2.pdf;
tmpfile=$(mktemp --suffix=.pdf);
blankfile=$(mktemp --suffix=.pdf);
cp -f $file $newfile;
cp -f $file $tmpfile;
numberofpages=`pdftk $file dump_data | grep "NumberOfPages" | sed 's:.*\([0-9][0-9*]\).*:\1:'`;
echo "" | ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a4 - $blankfile;
while (( $numberofpages % 4 != 0 )); # NOTE: replace % by %% in Nautilus-Actions
do
((numberofpages++));
pdftk A=$newfile B=$blankfile cat A B output $tmpfile;
cp -f $tmpfile $newfile;
done;
a=0;
neworder=$(
while [ $a -lt $numberofpages ];
do
echo -n "$(($a + 1)) $(($a + 3)) $(($a + 4)) $(($a + 2)) ";
((a+=4));
done;
);
pdftk $tmpfile cat $neworder output $newfile;
I did paste everything in the Path entry of Nautilus-Actions and it finally worked. The newly created Nautilus-action could then be exported in a .desktop file (and therefore imported very easily by any user):
If I ask Nautilus-Actions to display the output, It seems that Nautilus-Actions execute the command line inside a /bin/sh -c 'myscript...' command.
Could you explain to me why I had to change so many things in order to make it work ? Especially why I had to change the for into a while ?
Note: I completely revamp the question since It was a mess.
Related
I'm still new to the shell and need some help.
I have a file stapel_old.
Also I have in the same directory files like english_old_sync, math_old_sync and vocabulary_old_sync.
The content of stapel_old is:
english
math
vocabulary
The content of e.g. english is:
basic_grammar.md
spelling.md
orthography.md
I want to manipulate all files which are given in stapel_old like in this example:
take the first line of stapel_old 'english', (after that math, and so on)
convert in this case english to english_old_sync, (or after that what is given in second line, e.g. math to math_old_sync)
search in english_old_sync line by line for the pattern '.md'
And append to each line after .md :::#a1
The result should be e.g. of english_old_sync:
basic_grammar.md:::#a1
spelling.md:::#a1
orthography.md:::#a1
of math_old_sync:
geometry.md:::#a1
fractions.md:::#a1
and so on. stapel_old should stay unchanged.
How can I realize that?
I tried with sed -n, while loop (while read -r line), and I'm feeling it's somehow the right way - but I still get errors and not the expected result after 4 hours inspecting and reading.
Thank you!
EDIT
Here is the working code (The files are stored in folder 'olddata'):
clear
echo -e "$(tput setaf 1)$(tput setab 7)Learning directories:$(tput sgr 0)\n"
# put here directories which should not become flashcards, command: | grep -v 'name_of_directory_which_not_to_learn1' | grep -v 'directory2'
ls ../ | grep -v 00_gliederungsverweise | grep -v 0_weiter | grep -v bibliothek | grep -v notizen | grep -v Obsidian | grep -v z_nicht_uni | tee olddata/stapel_old
# count folders
echo -ne "\nHow much different folders: " && wc -l olddata/stapel_old | cut -d' ' -f1 | tee -a olddata/stapel_old
echo -e "Are this learning directories correct? [j ODER y]--> yes; [Other]-->no\n"
read lernvz_korrekt
if [ "$lernvz_korrekt" = j ] || [ "$lernvz_korrekt" = y ];
then
read -n 1 -s -r -p "Learning directories correct. Press any key to continue..."
else
read -n 1 -s -r -p "Learning directories not correct, please change in line 4. Press any key to continue..."
exit
fi
echo -e "\n_____________________________\n$(tput setaf 6)$(tput setab 5)Found cards:$(tput sgr 0)$(tput setaf 6)\n"
#GET && WRITE FOLDER NAMES into olddata/stapel_old
anzahl_zeilen=$(cat olddata/stapel_old |& tail -1)
#GET NAMES of .md files of every stapel and write All to 'stapelname'_old_sync
i=0
name="var_$i"
for (( num=1; num <= $anzahl_zeilen; num++ ))
do
i="$((i + 1))"
name="var_$i"
name=$(cat olddata/stapel_old | sed -n "$num"p)
find ../$name/ -name '*.md' | grep -v trash | grep -v Obsidian | rev | cut -d'/' -f1 | rev | tee olddata/$name"_old_sync"
done
(tput sgr 0)
I tried to add:
input="olddata/stapel_old"
while IFS= read -r line
do
sed -n "$line"p olddata/stapel_old
done < "$input"
The code to change only the english_old_sync is:
lines=$(wc -l olddata/english_old_sync | cut -d' ' -f1)
for ((num=1; num <= $lines; num++))
do
content=$(sed -n "$num"p olddata/english_old_sync)
sed -i "s/"$content"/""$content":::#a1/g"" olddata/english_old_sync
done
So now, this need to be a inner for-loop, of a outer for-loop which holds the variable for english, right?
stapel_old should stay unchanged.
You could try a while + read loop and embed sed inside the loop.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
while IFS= read -r files; do
echo cp -v "$files" "${files}_old_sync" &&
echo sed '/^.*\.md$/s/$/:::#a1/' "${files}_old_sync"
done < olddata/staple_old
convert in this case english to english_old_sync, (or after that what is given in second line, e.g. math to math_old_sync)
cp copies the file with a new name, if the goal is renaming the original file name from the content of the file staple_old then change cp to mv
The -n and -i flag from sed was ommited , include it, if needed.
The script also assumes that there are no empty/blank lines in the content of staple_old file. If in case there are/is add an addition test after the line where the do is.
[[ -n $files ]] || continue
It also assumes that the content of staple_old are existing files. Just in case add an additional test.
[[ -e $files ]] || { printf >&2 '%s no such file or directory.\n' "$files"; continue; }
Or an if statement.
if [[ ! -e $files ]]; then
printf >&2 '%s no such file or directory\n' "$files"
continue
fi
See also help test
See also help continue
Combining them all together should be something like:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
while IFS= read -r files; do
[[ -n $files ]] || continue
[[ -e $files ]] || {
printf >&2 '%s no such file or directory.\n' "$files"
continue
}
echo cp -v "$files" "${files}_old_sync" &&
echo sed '/^.*\.md$/s/$/:::#a1/' "${files}_old_sync"
done < olddata/staple_old
Remove the echo's If you're satisfied with the output so the script could copy/rename and edit the files.
I want to write into a file in a bash script but I want to make sure that the file is backed up if it exists and I also want to avoid overwriting any existing backups.
So basically I have $FILE, if this exists, I want to move $FILE to $FILE.bak if it does not already exist, otherwise to $FILE.bak2, $FILE.bak3, etc.
Is there a shell command for this?
Using a function to find the next available name:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
function nextsuffix {
local name="$1.bak"
if [ -e "$name" ]; then
printf "%s" "$name"
else
local -i num=2
while [ -e "$name$num" ]; do
num+=1
done
printf "%s%d" "$name" "$num"
fi
}
mv "$1" "$(nextsuffix "$1")"
If foo.bak already exists, it just loops until a given foo.bakN filename doesn't exist, incrementing N each time.
You can just output to a file with a date.
FILE=~/test
echo "123" >> $FILE.$(date +'%Y%d%m')
If you want the numbers logrotate seems to be most ideal.
cp "$FILE" "$FILE.bak$(( $(grep -Eo '[[:digit:]]+' <(sort -n <(for fil in $FILE.bak*;do echo $fil;done) | tail -1 )) + 1 ))"
Breaking the commands down
sort -n <(for fil in $FILE.bak*;do echo $fil;done) | tail -1
List the last file in the directory which is sorted in numeric form
grep -Eo '[[:digit:]]+' <(sort -n <(for fil in $FILE.bak*;do echo $fil;done) | tail -1 ))
Strip out everything but the digits
(( $(grep -Eo '[[:digit:]]+' <(sort -n <(for fil in $FILE.bak*;do echo $fil;done) | tail -1 )) + 1 ))
Add one to the result
For posterity, my function with changes inspired by #Shawn's answer
backup() {
local file new n=0
local fmt='%s.%(%Y%m%d)T_%02d'
for file; do
while :; do
printf -v new "$fmt" "$file" -1 $((++n))
[[ -e $new ]] || break
done
command cp -vp "$file" "$new"
done
}
I like to cp not mv.
I'm trying to perform certain operation on each file in a directory but there is a problem with order it's going through. It should do one file at the time. The long line (unzipping, grepping, zipping) works fine on a single file without a script, so there is a problem with a loop. Any ideas?
Script should grep through through each zipped file and look for word1 or word2. If at least one of them exist then:
unzip file
grep word1 and word2 and save it to file_done
remove unzipped file
zip file_done to /donefiles/ with original name
remove file_done from original directory
#!/bin/bash
for file in *.gz; do
counter=$(zgrep -c 'word1\|word2' $file)
if [[ $counter -gt 0 ]]; then
echo $counter
for file in *.gz; do
filenoext=${file::-3}
filedone=${filenoext}_done
echo $file
echo $filenoext
echo $filedone
gunzip $file | grep 'word1\|word2' $filenoext > $filedone | rm -f $filenoext | gzip -f -c $filedone > /donefiles/$file | rm -f $filedone
done
else
echo "nothing to do here"
fi
done
The code snipped you've provided has a few problems, e.g. unneeded nested for cycle and erroneous pipeline
(the whole line gunzip $file | grep 'word1\|word2' $filenoext > $filedone | rm -f $filenoext | gzip...).
Note also your code will work correctly only if *.gz files don't have spaces (or special characters) in names.
Also zgrep -c 'word1\|word2' will also match strings like line_starts_withword1_orword2_.
Here is the working version of the script:
#!/bin/bash
for file in *.gz; do
counter=$(zgrep -c -E 'word1|word2' $file) # now counter is the number of word1/word2 occurences in $file
if [[ $counter -gt 0 ]]; then
name=$(basename $file .gz)
zcat $file | grep -E 'word1|word2' > ${name}_done
gzip -f -c ${name}_done > /donefiles/$file
rm -f ${name}_done
else
echo 'nothing to do here'
fi
done
What we can improve here is:
since we unzipping the file anyway to check for word1|word2 presence, we may do this to temp file and avoid double-unzipping
we don't need to count how many word1 or word2 is inside the file, we may just check for their presence
${name}_done can be a temp file cleaned up automatically
we can use while cycle to handle file names with spaces
#!/bin/bash
tmp=`mktemp /tmp/gzip_demo.XXXXXX` # create temp file for us
trap "rm -f \"$tmp\"" EXIT INT TERM QUIT HUP # clean $tmp upon exit or termination
find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f -name '*.gz' | while read f; do
# quotes around $f are now required in case of spaces in it
s=$(basename "$f") # short name w/o dir
gunzip -f -c "$f" | grep -P '\b(word1|word2)\b' > "$tmp"
[ -s "$tmp" ] && gzip -f -c "$tmp" > "/donefiles/$s" # create archive if anything is found
done
It looks like you have an inner loop inside the outer one :
#!/bin/bash
for file in *.gz; do
counter=$(zgrep -c 'word1\|word2' $file)
if [[ $counter -gt 0 ]]; then
echo $counter
for file in *.gz; do #<<< HERE
filenoext=${file::-3}
filedone=${filenoext}_done
echo $file
echo $filenoext
echo $filedone
gunzip $file | grep 'word1\|word2' $filenoext > $filedone | rm -f $filenoext | gzip -f -c $filedone > /donefiles/$file | rm -f $filedone
done
else
echo "nothing to do here"
fi
done
The inner loop goes through all the files in the directory if one of them contains file1 or file2. You probably want this :
#!/bin/bash
for file in *.gz; do
counter=$(zgrep -c 'word1\|word2' $file)
if [[ $counter -gt 0 ]]; then
echo $counter
filenoext=${file::-3}
filedone=${filenoext}_done
echo $file
echo $filenoext
echo $filedone
gunzip $file | grep 'word1\|word2' $filenoext > $filedone | rm -f $filenoext | gzip -f -c $filedone > /donefiles/$file | rm -f $filedone
else
echo "nothing to do here"
fi
done
i'm trying to write a code which will print all files taking more than min_size (lets say 10G) in a directory. the problem is output off the below code is all files irrespective of the min_size. i will be getting other details like mtime , owner as well later in the code but this part itself doesnt work fine, whats wrong here ?
#!/bin/sh
if (( $# <3 )); then
echo "$0 dirname min_size count"
exit 1
else
dirname="$1";
min_size="$2";
count="$3";
#shift 3
fi
tmpfile=$(mktemp /lawdump/pulkit/files.XXXXXX)
exec 3> "$tmpfile"
find "${dirname}" -type f -print0 2>&1 | grep -v "Permission denied" | xargs -0 -I {} echo "{}" > "$tmpfile"
for i in `cat tmpfile`
do
x="`du -ah $i | awk '{print $1}' | grep G | sort -nr -k 1`"
size=$(echo $x | sed 's/[A-Za-z]*//g')
if [ size > $min_size ];then
echo $size
fi
done
Note : i know this can be done through find or du but i need to write a shell script to have an email sent out regularly with all the details.
I am trying to create a bash dictionary script that accepts first argument and creates file named after that, then script accepts next arguments (which are files inside same folder) and outputs their content into file (first argument). It also sorts, deletes symbols etc., but main problem is, that sometimes ouptut file is empty (I am passing one non empty file and one non existing file), after deleting and running script few more times it is sometimes empty sometimes not.
#!/bin/bash
numberoffileargs=$(( $# - 1 ))
exitstat=0
counterexit=0
acceptingstdin=0;
> "$1";
#check if we have given input files given
if [ "$#" -gt 1 ]; then
#for cycle going through input files
for i in "${#:2}"
do
#check whether input file is readable
if [ -r "${i}" ]; then
cat "${i}" >> "$1"
#else redirect to standard output
else
exitstat=2
counterexit=$((counterexit + 1))
echo "file does not exist" 1>&2
fi
done
else
echo "stdin code to be done"
acceptingstdin=1
#stdin input to output file
#stdin=$(cat)
fi
#one word for each line, alphabetical sort, alphabet only, remove duplicates
#all lowercase
#sort -u >> "$1"
if [ "$counterexit" -eq "$numberoffileargs" ] && [ "$acceptingstdin" -eq 0 ]; then
exitstat=3
fi
cat "$1" | sed -r 's/[^a-zA-Z\-]+/ /g' | tr A-Z a-z | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u | sed '/^$/d' > "$1"
echo "$numberoffileargs"
echo "$counterexit"
echo "$exitstat"
exit $exitstat
Here is your script with some syntax improvement. Your trouble came from the fact that the dictionary was both on input and output on your pipeline; I added a temp file to fix it.
#!/bin/bash
(($# >= 1)) || { echo "Usage: $0 dictionary file ..." >&2 ; exit 1;}
dict="$1"
shift
echo "Creating $dict ..."
>| "$dict" || { echo "Failed." >&2 ; exit 1;}
numberoffileargs=$#
exitstat=0
counterexit=0
acceptingstdin=0
if (($# > 0)); then
for i ; do
#check whether input file is readable
if [ -r "${i}" ]; then
cat "${i}" >> "$dict"
else
exitstat=2
let counterexit++
echo "file does not exist" >&2
fi
done
else
echo "stdin code to be done"
acceptingstdin=1
fi
if ((counterexit == numberoffileargs && acceptingstdin == 0)); then
exitstat=3
fi
sed -r 's/[^a-zA-Z\-]+/ /g' < "$dict" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '\n' |
sort -u | sed '/^$/d' >| tmp$$
mv -f tmp$$ "$dict"
echo "$numberoffileargs"
echo "$counterexit"
echo "$exitstat"
exit $exitstat
The pipeline might be improved.