I want to insert a newline character into an array of characters which initially is a string. Let's say I have a variable myvar = "Blizzard". A string is formed from an array of characters. How can I insert a newline character inside it? In hope of making an output like this:
"B
lizzard"
I tried this:
myvar[1] = "\n"
but it's not working, and the output is like this:
"B\nlizzard"
My goal is to make the output like this:
B
l
i
z
z
a
r
d
without using puts. I have to do it by inserting newline characters into the array. Can someone point out where my mistake is, and if possible help me with this?
To add \n you can use this:
myvar = "Blizzard"
myvar.chars.map { |c| c + "\n" }.join.strip
Or better #Uri solution:
myvar.chars.join "\n"
But you can puts letters one on the line with next code:
myvar.chars.each { |c| puts c }
or:
myvar.each_char { |c| puts c } # for ruby >= 2.0
by Darek Nędza
'Blizzard'.chars.join("\n")
# => "B\nl\ni\nz\nz\na\nr\nd"
If all you want is to print the characters each in a new row you can do the following:
puts 'Blizzard'.chars
Output:
B
l
i
z
z
a
r
d
You have done myvar[1] = "\n" correctly. Your problem is not how you did it, but what you are expecting.
You seem to be confusing the inspection of a string and the puts output of the string. Inspection is what is displayed as the return value as in irb, and it is a meta-representation of what you have. And as long as it is a string, it will be delimited by double quotes, and all the special characters will be escaped with a backslash \. If you have a new line character, that would be represented as "\n". On the other hand, when you pass the string to puts, you will get the output according to what the special characters represent.
What you displayed as what you want (the one in multiple lines) should be the result of puts. You will never get such thing as inspection of the string.
Related
I have a string containing an escape character:
word = "x\nz"
and I would like to print it as x\nz.
However, puts word gives me:
x
z
How do I get puts word to output x\nz instead of creating a new line?
Use String#inspect
puts word.inspect #=> "x\nz"
Or just p
p word #=> "x\nz"
I have a string containing an escape character:
No, you don't. You have a string containing a newline.
How do I get puts word to output x\nz instead of creating a new line?
The easiest way would be to just create the string in the format you want in the first place:
word = 'x\nz'
# or
word = "x\\nz"
If that isn't possible, you can translate the string the way you want:
word = word.gsub("\n", '\n')
# or
word.gsub!("\n", '\n')
You may be tempted to do something like
puts word.inspect
# or
p word
Don't do that! #inspect is not guaranteed to have any particular format. The only requirement it has, is that it should return a human-readable string representation that is suitable for debugging. You should never rely on the content of #inspect, the only thing you should rely on, is that it is human readable.
I was trying to substitute either a comma or a percent sign, and it continually failed, so I opened up IRB and tried some things out. Can anyone explain to me why the first regex (IRB line 13) doesn't work but the flipped version does (IRB line 15)? I've looked it up and down and I don't see any typos, so it must be something to do with the rule but I can't see what.
b.gsub(/[%]*|[,]*/,"")
# => "245,324"
b.gsub(/[,]*/,"")
# => "245324"
b.gsub(/[,]*|[%]*/,"")
# => "245324"
b
# => "245,324"
Because ruby happily finds [%]* zero times throughout your string and does the substitution. Check out this result:
b = '232,000'
puts b.gsub(/[%]*/,"-")
--output:--
-2-3-2-,-0-0-0-
If you put all the characters that you want to erase into the same character class, then you will get the result you want:
b = "%245,324,000%"
puts b.gsub(/[%,]*/, '')
--output:--
245324000
Even then, there are a lot of needless substitutions going on:
b = "%245,324,000%"
puts b.gsub(/[%,]*/, '-')
--output:--
--2-4-5--3-2-4--0-0-0--
It's the zero or more that gets you into trouble because ruby can find lots of places where there are 0 percent signs or 0 commas. You actually don't want to do substitutions where ruby finds zero of your characters, instead you want to do substitutions where at least one of your characters occurs:
b = '%232,000,000%'
puts b.gsub(/%+|,+/,"")
--output:--
232000000
Or, equivalently:
puts b.gsub(/[%,]+/, '')
Also, note that regexes are like double quoted strings, so you can interpolate into them--it's as if the delimiters // are double quotes:
one_or_more_percents = '%+'
one_or_more_commas = ',+'
b = '%232,000,000%'
puts b.gsub(/#{one_or_more_percents}|#{one_or_more_commas}/,"")
--output:--
232000000
But when your regexes consist of single characters, just use a character class: [%,]+
I have a file like this:
some content
some oterh
*********************
useful1 text
useful3 text
*********************
some other content
How do I get the content of the file within between two stars line in an array. For example, on processing the above file the content of array should be like this
a=["useful1 text" , "useful2 text"]
A really hack solution is to split the lines on the stars, grab the middle part, and then split that, too:
content.split(/^\*+$/)[1].split(/\s+/).reject(&:empty?)
# => ["useful1","useful3"]
f = File.open('test_doc.txt', 'r')
content = []
f.each_line do |line|
content << line.rstrip unless !!(line =~ /^\*(\*)*\*$/)
end
f.close
The regex pattern /^*(*)*$/ matches strings that contain only asterisks. !!(line =~ /^*(*)*$/) always returns a boolean value. So if the pattern does not match, the string is added to the array.
What about this:
def values_between(array, separator)
array.slice array.index(separator)+1..array.rindex(separator)-1
end
filepath = '/tmp/test.txt'
lines = %w(trash trash separator content content separator trash)
separator = "separator\n"
File.write '/tmp/test.txt', lines.join("\n")
values_between File.readlines('/tmp/test.txt'), "separator\n"
#=> ["content\n", "content\n"]
I'd do it like this:
lines = []
File.foreach('./test.txt') do |li|
lines << li if (li[/^\*{5}/] ... li[/^\*{5}/])
end
lines[1..-2].map(&:strip).select{ |l| l > '' }
# => ["useful1 text", "useful3 text"]
/^\*{5}/ means "A string that starts with and has at least five '*'.
... is one of two uses of .. and ... and, in this use, is commonly called a "flip-flop" operator. It isn't used often in Ruby because most people don't seem to understand it. It's sometimes mistaken for the Range delimiters .. and ....
In this use, Ruby watches for the first test, li[/^\*{5}/] to return true. Once it does, .. or ... will return true until the second condition returns true. In this case we're looking for the same delimiter, so the same test will work, li[/^\*{5}/], and is where the difference between the two versions, .. and ... come into play.
.. will return toggle back to false immediately, whereas ... will wait to look at the next line, which avoids the problem of the first seeing a delimiter and then the second seeing the same line and triggering.
That lets the test assign to lines, which, prior to the [1..-2].map(&:strip).select{ |l| l > '' } looks like:
# => ["*********************\n",
# "\n",
# "useful1 text\n",
# "\n",
# "useful3 text\n",
# "\n",
# "*********************\n"]
[1..-2].map(&:strip).select{ |l| l > '' } cleans that up by slicing the array to remove the first and last elements, strip removes leading and trailing whitespace, effectively getting rid of the trailing newlines and resulting in empty lines and strings containing the desired text. select{ |l| l > '' } picks up the lines that are greater than "empty" lines, i.e., are not empty.
See "When would a Ruby flip-flop be useful?" and its related questions, and "What is a flip-flop operator?" for more information and some background. (Perl programmers use .. and ... often, for just this purpose.)
One warning though: If the file has multiple blocks delimited this way, you'll get the contents of them all. The code I wrote doesn't know how to stop until the end-of-file is reached, so you'll have to figure out how to handle that situation if it could occur.
I want to append </tag> to each line where it's missing:
text = '<tag>line 1</tag>
<tag>line2 # no closing tag, append
<tag>line3 # no closing tag, append
line4</tag> # no opening tag, but has a closing tag, so ignore
<tag>line5</tag>'
I tried to create a regular expression to match this but I know its wrong:
text.gsub! /.*?(<\/tag>)Z/, '</tag>'
How can I create a regular expression to conditionally append each line?
Here you go:
text.gsub!(%r{(?<!</tag>)$}, "</tag>")
Explanation:
$ means end of line and \z means end of string. \Z means something similar, with complications.
(?<!) work together to create a negative lookbehind.
Given the example provided, I'd just do something like this:
text.split(/<\/?tag>/).
reject {|t| t.strip.length == 0 }.
map {|t| "<tag>%s</tag>" % t.strip }.
join("\n")
You're basically treating either and as record delimiters, so you can just split on them, reject any blank records, then construct a new combined string from the extracted values. This works nicely when you can't count on newlines being record delimiters and will generally be tolerant of missing tags.
If you're insistent on a pure regex solution, though, and your data format will always match the given format (one record per line), you can use a negative lookbehind:
text.strip.gsub(/(?<!<\/tag>)(\n|$)/, "</tag>\\1")
One that could work is:
/<tag>[^\n ]+[^>][\s]*(\n)/
This is will return all the newline chars without a ">" before them.
Replace it with "\n", i.e.
text.gsub!( /<tag>[^\n ]+[^>][\s]*(\n)/ , "</tag>\n")
For more polishing, try http://rubular.com/
text = '<tag>line 1</tag>
<tag>line2
<tag>line3
line4</tag>
<tag>line5</tag>'
result = ""
text.each_line do |line|
line.rstrip!
line << "</tag>" if not line.end_with?("</tag>")
result << line << "\n"
end
puts result
--output:--
<tag>line 1</tag>
<tag>line2</tag>
<tag>line3</tag>
line4</tag>
<tag>line5</tag>
I want have a field on my form, which can contain some symbols like #, $, etc. But for another case i want to have only letters, without any symbols. How do i cut all non letter symbols and leave all russian cyrullic letters
Here is small example:
i have string "йцукен#$%йцукен"
in the end want to get "йцукен йцукен"
Try this:
'йцукен#$%йцукен'.gsub(/\P{Cyrillic}++/, ' ')
explanation:
\p{Cyrillic} is the character class for cyrillic letters.
\P{Cyrillic} contains all characters that are not cyrillic letters.
If you want to preserve other characters you can do it like this:
'123йцукен#$%йцукен456'.gsub(/[^\p{Cyrillic}0-9]++/, ' ')
brute force with a list of allowed characters
def filter(input, allowed)
input.chars.inject('') do |result, char|
result << char if allowed.include? char
result
end
end
test_string = 'abc$6&йцxyz'
allowed_characters = 'abcxyzйц'
puts filter(test_string, allowed_characters)
=> abcйцxyz
The expression "йцукен#$%йцукен" that you have in the question is not a valid Ruby expression. The #$ within double quotes works as interpolation. If you meant a string 'йцукен#$%йцукен', and if you wanted to replace sequences of characters like '#%$' with a space rather than just deleting them, then, the following can work.
'йцукен#$%йцукен'.tr('#%$', " ").squeeze(" ")
# => "йцукен йцукен"