ffmpeg -r 1/5 -start_number 2 -i img%03d.png -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
This line worked fine but I want to create a video file from images in another folder.
Image names in my folder are:
img001.jpg
img002.jpg
img003.jpg
...
How could I input images files from a different folder? Example: C:\mypics
I tried this command but ffmpeg generated a video with the first image (img001.jpg) only.
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -start_number 0 -i C:\myimages\img%03d.png -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
-pattern_type glob
This great option makes it easier to select the images in many cases.
Normal speed video with one image per frame at 30 FPS
ffmpeg -framerate 30 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' \
-c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
Here's what it looks like:
GIF generated with: https://askubuntu.com/questions/648603/how-to-create-an-animated-gif-from-mp4-video-via-command-line/837574#837574
Add some audio to it:
ffmpeg -framerate 30 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' \
-i audio.ogg -c:a copy -shortest -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
Result: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG7c7lldhM4
These are the test media I've used:
wget -O opengl-rotating-triangle.zip https://github.com/cirosantilli/media/blob/master/opengl-rotating-triangle.zip?raw=true
unzip opengl-rotating-triangle.zip
cd opengl-rotating-triangle
wget -O audio.ogg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Alnitaque_%26_Moon_Shot_-_EURO_%28Extended_Mix%29.ogg
Images generated with: How to use GLUT/OpenGL to render to a file?
It is cool to observe how much the video compresses the image sequence way better than ZIP as it is able to compress across frames with specialized algorithms:
opengl-rotating-triangle.mp4: 340K
opengl-rotating-triangle.zip: 7.3M
Convert one music file to a video with a fixed image for YouTube upload
Answered at: https://superuser.com/questions/700419/how-to-convert-mp3-to-youtube-allowed-video-format/1472572#1472572
Slideshow video with one image per second
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' \
-c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
Add some music to it, cutoff when the presumably longer audio when the images end:
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' -i audio.ogg \
-c:a copy -shortest -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
Here are two demos on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grV64VE1U6c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6D05gCWh_I
Be a hippie and use the Theora patent-unencumbered video format in an OGG container:
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' -i audio.ogg \
-c:a copy -shortest -c:v libtheora -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.ogv
Your images should of course be sorted alphabetically, typically as:
0001-first-thing.jpg
0002-second-thing.jpg
0003-and-third.jpg
and so on.
I would also first ensure that all images to be used have the same aspect ratio, possibly by cropping them with imagemagick or nomacs beforehand, so that ffmpeg will not have to make hard decisions. In particular, the width has to be divisible by 2, otherwise conversion fails with: "width not divisible by 2".
Full realistic slideshow case study setup step by step
There's a bit more to creating slideshows than running a single ffmpeg command, so here goes a more interesting detailed example inspired by this timeline.
Get the input media:
mkdir -p orig
cd orig
wget -O 1.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Australopithecus_afarensis.png
wget -O 2.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Homo_habilis-2.JPG
wget -O 3.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Homo_erectus_new.JPG
wget -O 4.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Homo_heidelbergensis_-_forensic_facial_reconstruction-crop.png
wget -O 5.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg/450px-Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg
wget -O audio.ogg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Alnitaque_%26_Moon_Shot_-_EURO_%28Extended_Mix%29.ogg
cd ..
# Convert all to PNG for consistency.
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/29869/converting-multiple-image-files-from-jpeg-to-pdf-format
# Hardlink the ones that are already PNG.
mkdir -p png
mogrify -format png -path png orig/*.jpg
ln -P orig/*.png png
Now we have a quick look at all image sizes to decide on the final aspect ratio:
identify png/*
which outputs:
png/1.png PNG 557x495 557x495+0+0 8-bit sRGB 653KB 0.000u 0:00.000
png/2.png PNG 664x800 664x800+0+0 8-bit sRGB 853KB 0.000u 0:00.000
png/3.png PNG 544x680 544x680+0+0 8-bit sRGB 442KB 0.000u 0:00.000
png/4.png PNG 207x238 207x238+0+0 8-bit sRGB 76.8KB 0.000u 0:00.000
png/5.png PNG 450x600 450x600+0+0 8-bit sRGB 627KB 0.000u 0:00.000
so the classic 480p (640x480 == 4/3) aspect ratio seems appropriate.
Do one conversion with minimal resizing to make widths even (TODO
automate for any width, here I just manually looked at identify output and reduced width and height by one):
mkdir -p raw
convert png/1.png -resize 556x494 raw/1.png
ln -P png/2.png png/3.png png/4.png png/5.png raw
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i 'raw/*.png' -i orig/audio.ogg -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -shortest -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p raw.mp4
This produces terrible output, because as seen from:
ffprobe raw.mp4
ffmpeg just takes the size of the first image, 556x494, and then converts all others to that exact size, breaking their aspect ratio.
Now let's convert the images to the target 480p aspect ratio automatically by cropping as per ImageMagick: how to minimally crop an image to a certain aspect ratio?
mkdir -p auto
mogrify -path auto -geometry 640x480^ -gravity center -crop 640x480+0+0 png/*.png
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i 'auto/*.png' -i orig/audio.ogg -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -shortest -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p auto.mp4
So now, the aspect ratio is good, but inevitably some cropping had to be done, which kind of cut up interesting parts of the images.
The other option is to pad with black background to have the same aspect ratio as shown at: Resize to fit in a box and set background to black on "empty" part
mkdir -p black
mogrify -path black -thumbnail 640x480 -background black -gravity center -extent 640x480 png/*.png
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i 'black/*.png' -i orig/audio.ogg -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -shortest -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p black.mp4
Generally speaking though, you will ideally be able to select images with the same or similar aspect ratios to avoid those problems in the first place.
About the CLI options
Note however that despite the name, -glob this is not as general as shell Glob patters, e.g.: -i '*' fails: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/3620 (apparently because filetype is deduced from extension).
-r 30 makes the -framerate 1 video 30 FPS to overcome bugs in players like VLC for low framerates: VLC freezes for low 1 FPS video created from images with ffmpeg Therefore it repeats each frame 30 times to keep the desired 1 image per second effect.
Next steps
You will also want to:
cut up the part of the audio that you want before joining it: Cutting the videos based on start and end time using ffmpeg
ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -ss 03:10 -to 03:30 -c copy out.mp3
Alternatively, you can also cut it directly in the conversion command by adding the -ss just before the audio -i:
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i 'raw/*.png' -ss 0:36 -i orig/audio.ogg -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -shortest -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p raw.mp4
TODO: learn to cut and concatenate multiple audio files into the video without intermediate files, I'm pretty sure it's possible:
ffmpeg cut and concat single command line
https://video.stackexchange.com/questions/21315/concatenating-split-media-files-using-concat-protocol
https://superuser.com/questions/587511/concatenate-multiple-wav-files-using-single-command-without-extra-file
Different duration for each image
https://video.stackexchange.com/questions/23530/use-ffmpeg-to-create-a-video-from-a-few-images gives a solution.
You create a file in.txt like:
file png/1.png
outpoint 5
file png/2.png
outpoint 2
file png/3.png
outpoint 7
and outpoint sets the duration of the previous image in seconds.
Then we just remove -framerate from the previous conversion commands:
ffmpeg -f concat -i in.txt -framerate 1 -i orig/audio.ogg -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -shortest -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p black.mp4
I also like that that approach with file names in a file is nicer than having to rename the input files to have the correct order, which makes it easier to quickly reorder images on a text editor (multiple -i did not work). Having two lines per input file makes that a bit more annoying, I didn't manage to combine the file and outpoint into a single line, but still, good to know.
This approach is also convenient if you are just going to convert a subset of your images. Then, to save time on the ImageMagick, you can reuse that in.txt file to loop over only the images you care about:
grep -E '^file ' in.txt | sed -E 's/^file //; s/\..*//' | while read f; do
echo $f
convert -thumbnail 1280x720 -background black -gravity center -extent 1280x720 "$(command ls -1 ../$f.* | grep -v .xcf | head -n1)" "out/$f.jpg"
done
Tested on
ffmpeg 3.4.4, vlc 3.0.3, Ubuntu 18.04.
Bibliography
http://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Slideshow official wiki
See the Create a video slideshow from images – FFmpeg
If your video does not show the frames correctly If you encounter problems, such as the first image is skipped or only shows for one frame, then use the fps video filter instead of -r for the output framerate
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -i img%03d.png -c:v libx264 -vf fps=25 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
Alternatively the format video filter can be added to the filter chain to replace -pix_fmt yuv420p like "fps=25,format=yuv420p". The advantage of this method is that you can control which filter goes first
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -i img%03d.png -c:v libx264 -vf "fps=25,format=yuv420p" out.mp4
I tested below parameters, it worked for me
"e:\ffmpeg\ffmpeg.exe" -r 1/5 -start_number 0 -i "E:\images\01\padlock%3d.png" -c:v libx264 -vf "fps=25,format=yuv420p" e:\out.mp4
below parameters also worked but it always skips the first image
"e:\ffmpeg\ffmpeg.exe" -r 1/5 -start_number 0 -i "E:\images\01\padlock%3d.png" -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p e:\out.mp4
making a video from images placed in different folders
First, add image paths to imagepaths.txt like below.
# this is a comment details https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate
file 'E:\images\png\images__%3d.jpg'
file 'E:\images\jpg\images__%3d.jpg'
Sample usage as follows;
"h:\ffmpeg\ffmpeg.exe" -y -r 1/5 -f concat -safe 0 -i "E:\images\imagepaths.txt" -c:v libx264 -vf "fps=25,format=yuv420p" "e:\out.mp4"
-safe 0 parameter prevents Unsafe file name error
Related links
FFmpeg making a video from images placed in different folders
FFMPEG An Intermediate Guide/image sequence
Concatenate – FFmpeg
Simple Version from the Docs
Works particularly great for Google Earth Studio images:
ffmpeg -framerate 24 -i Project%03d.png Project.mp4
cat *.png | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -i - output.mp4
from wiki
Your files should be named depth_00001.png depth_00002.png etc which ensures the correct order
step 1) If they are called depth_1.png depth_2.png then you can batch rename them to the required naming with this command
for f in depth_[0-9]*; do mv "$f" "$(printf 'depth_%05d' "${f#depth_}" 2> /dev/null)"; done; for f in depth_[0-9]*; do mv "$f" "$f.png"; done;
step 2) Then run ffmpeg using standard options
ffmpeg -framerate 30 -i depth_%05d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:v libx264 depth.mp4
step 3) If that fails (it did for me on Windows) then try this instead
cat depth_*.png | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -framerate 30 -i - -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:v libx264 depth.mp4
NOTE: step 2 failed when I used PNGs - but when I used image magick to convert the PNGs to JPGs step 2 worked
Here's the command I used to do the conversion
for image in *.png; do magick convert "$image" "${image%.*}.jpg"; done;
Also, I found this command useful to verify that the length of the output video was as expected
ffprobe -v quiet -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 depth.mp4
As the glob command is not available on windows, because its a POSIX implementation, the workaround is to use sequence as a pattern. For this to work, one needs to rename their files with sequence numbers - like
gym01.jpg
gym02.jpg
...
Then we can use the command below on Windows - NOTE the gym%02d.jpg, where if your sequence contains more than 2 chars (eg, gym00001.jpg), change it accordingingly (gym%05d.jpg)
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type sequence -i gym%02d.jpg -s:v 1920x1080 -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
To create frames from video:
ffmpeg\ffmpeg -i %video% test\thumb%04d.jpg -hide_banner
Optional: remove frames you don't want in output video
(more accurate than trimming video with -ss & -t)
Then create video from image/frames eg.:
ffmpeg\ffmpeg -framerate 30 -start_number 56 -i test\thumb%04d.jpg -vf format=yuv420p test/output.mp4
For me to create video with audio it worked, you need to specify:
the normal frames: -framerate 30
the audio -i audio/audio.ogg
and the library libx264
system("ffmpeg -framerate 30 -i #{out_dir}/%03d.png -i audio/audio.ogg
-c:a copy -shortest -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p out/final
/#{out_dir.sub("out/", "")}.mp4")
if you want to create a loop, for example 3 times -stream_loop 2 because of 0,1,2
system("ffmpeg -stream_loop 2 -framerate 30 -i
#{out_dir}/%03d.png -i audio/audio.ogg -c:a copy -shortest -c:v
libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -b:v 50M out/final/#{out_dir.sub("out/",
"")}.mp4")
I found this helpful and tried it
ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i '*.jpg' -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
Source : https://shotstack.io/learn/use-ffmpeg-to-convert-images-to-video/
Related
I'd like to add a background image while combining *.png files to make an mp4 file, using ffmpeg.
Currently, I have to first create an animated gif using imagemagick convert, like this:
convert -delay ${DELAY} -dispose Background *.png -coalesce null: ${BACKGROUND} -compose dstOver -layers composite -layers optimize -loop 0 planet.gif
Then I process that animated gif using ffmpeg to optimize it:
ffmpeg -i planet.gif -movflags faststart -pix_fmt yuv420p -vf "scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2" planet.mp4
Which sort of works, but is slow and has a problem. I craps out if I go above about 100 input files, and creates animated gifs that are basically just white screens.
ffmpeg alone works great, and 100 times faster stitching the *.png files together
ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' -movflags faststart -pix_fmt yuv420p -vf "scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2" planet.mp4
But, no background there. I haven't found anyway to add that background. Does ffmpeg even support such a thing?
using scale2ref, overlay
ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' \
-loop 1 -framerate 10 -i bg.png -filter_complex "
[0]scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2[v0];
[1][v0]scale2ref[v1][v0];
[v1]setsar=1[v1];
[v1][v0]overlay=shortest=1
" -movflags faststart -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4 -y
I am trying to use ffmpeg to replace the video track in a video file with a still image. I tried some commands I got from other questions such as the one here
ffmpeg -i x.png -i orig.mp4 final.mp4
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -i x.png -r 30 -i orig.mp4 final.mp4
But these didn't work. I'm not sure which of these arguments are required or not. The output should be accepted by YouTube as a valid video - I was able to simply remove the video track, but apparently they don't let you upload a video without a video track.
You can try looping the still image like this:
ffmpeg -loop 1 -i x.png -i orig.mp4 final.mp4
Then you can tweak the encoding process by introducing the following quality parameters:
ffmpeg -loop 1 -i x.png -i orig.mp4 -crf 22 -preset slow final.mp4
they are described here.
If your colorspace gets rejected by YouTube you can try adding: -pix_fmt yuv420p.
Solution: A final solution is something like this:
Where -t 30 is an example duration of 30 seconds.
Using -c:a copy will directly copy the original audio without a new re-encoding (is faster).
ffmpeg -loop 1 -i x.png -i orig.mp4 -map 0 -map 1:a -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -crf 22 -preset slow -c:a copy -shortest final.mp4
I need your help. I stream to Twitch with this Command:
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i image.jpg -filter_complex 'overlay=x=10:x=10' -s \
1920x1200 -framerate 15 -c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -pix_fmt yuv420p \
-threads 0 -f flv 'rtmp://'
How is it possible to change the image.jpg picture to another picture on a variable time? I will don't restart the FFMPEG Command.
Add the -f image2 -loop 1 input options for the image input, then atomically replace image.jpg when desired such as by using mv.
Basic example:
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -f image2 -loop 1 -i image.jpg -filter_complex overlay output.mp4
Streaming example:
ffmpeg -re -i input.mp4 -f image2 -loop 1 -i image.jpg -filter_complex "overlay,format=yuv420p" -c:v libx264 -preset fast -g 50 -b:v 4000k -maxrate 4000k -bufsize 8000k -f flv 'rtmp://'
To answer the "variable time" part of your question use a cron job to run scripts that update the overlay image at a specified time i.e. every 5 mins. For example you can create a folder of various overlays and select one randomly every 5 minutes and copy it to image.jpg. FFMPEG will then render the new image to your stream.
It is important to use -f image 2 -loop 1 -thread_queue_size 512 -i image.jpg especially when rendering other image formats.
I have 10 jpg files (image0.jpg, image1.jpg, image2.jpg ... image9.jpg) and one .mp3 and I'm trying to create a video but I can't get it to show more than the first 3 images in the output.
I played with the output -r option and for example if I change it to 30 it shows all of them but very fast so the whole video plays for under a second.
This is my code:
ffmpeg -i image%d.jpg -i audio.mp3 -r 1 -c:v libx264 -tune stillimage -c:a aac -strict experimental -b:a 192k -r 1/5 -pix_fmt yuv420p -shortest out.mp4
What am I doing wrong ?
The image file demuxer by default uses a frame rate of 25 fps if you do not tell it otherwise. Since you used -r 1/5 as an output option the frame rate will be converted resulting in duplicated or, as in your case, dropped frames to compensate. To change this use -framerate as an input option (this is a private option of the image file demuxer):
ffmpeg -framerate 1/5 -i image%d.jpg output
Some crappy players may not like a "non-standard" frame rate, so you can add an output frame rate to change it while keeping the "timing" of the input:
ffmpeg -framerate 1/5 -i image%d.jpg -r 25 output
Hi I am new in FFmpeg,
I have made video from slideshow of sequential images (img001.jpg, img002.jpg, img003.jpg....). Using following commands in Ubuntu 14.04
ffmpeg -framerate 1/5 -i img%03d.jpg -c:v libx264 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p -vf scale=320:240 out.mp4
But now I want to put animation like fade-in, fade-out between each sequential images, I want to generate video,
can anybody help me how to make it, i have searched lots of things but could not get....
The best way to do this is create intermediate mpeg's for each image and then concatenate them all into a video. For example, say you have 5 images; you would run this for each one of the images to create the intermediate mpeg's with a fade in at the beginning and a fade out at the end.
ffmpeg -y -loop 1 -i image -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=0.5,fade=t=out:st=4.5:d=0.5" -c:v mpeg2video -t 5 -q:v 1 image-1.mpeg
where t is the duration, or time, of each image. Once you have all of these mpeg's, you use ffmpeg's concat command to combine them all into an mp4.
ffmpeg -y -i image-1.mpeg -i image-2.mpeg -i image-3.mpeg -i image-4.mpeg -i image-5.mpeg -filter_complex '[0:v][1:v][2:v][3:v][4:v] concat=n=5:v=1 [v]' -map '[v]' -c:v libx264 -s 1280x720 -aspect 16:9 -q:v 1 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
This gives you the desired video and is the simplest and highest quality solution with ffmpeg. Let me know if you have any questions about how the above command works.