I'm trying to read full stdin into a variable :
script.sh
#/bin/bash
input=""
while read line
do
echo "$line"
input="$input""\n""$line"
done < /dev/stdin
echo "$input" > /tmp/test
When I run ls | ./script.sh or mostly any other commands, it works fine.
However It doesn't work when I run cat | ./script.sh , enter my message, and then hit Ctrl-C to exit cat.
Any ideas ?
I would stick to the one-liner
input=$(cat)
Of course, Ctrl-D should be used to signal end-of-file.
I want to copy stdout to a log file from within a bash script, meaning I don't want to call the script with output piped to tee, I want the script itself to handle it. I've successfully used this answer to accomplish this, using the following code:
#!/bin/bash
exec > >(sed "s/^/[${1}] /" | tee -a myscript.log)
exec 2>&1
# <rest of script>
echo "hello"
sleep 10
echo "world"
This works, but has the downside of output being buffered until the script is completed, as is also discussed in the linked answer. In the above example, both "hello" and "world" will show up in the log only after the 10 seconds have passed.
I am aware of the stdbuf command, and if running the script with
stdbuf -oL ./myscript.sh
then stdout is indeed continuously printed both to the file and the terminal.
However, I'd like this to be handled from within the script as well. Is there any way to combine these two solutions? I'd rather not resort to a wrapper script that simply calls the original script enclosed with "stdbuf -oL".
You can use a workaround and make the script execute itself with stdbuf, if a special argument is present:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ "$1" != __BUFFERED__ ]]; then
prog="$0"
stdbuf -oL "$prog" __BUFFERED__ "$#"
else
shift #discard __BUFFERED__
exec > >(sed "s/^/[${1}] /" | tee -a myscript.log)
exec 2>&1
# <rest of script>
echo "hello"
sleep 1
echo "world"
fi
This will mostly work:
if you run the script with ./test, it shows unbuffered [] hello\n[] world.
if you run the script with ./test 123 456, it shows [123] hello\n[123] world like you want.
it won't work, however, if you run it with bash test - $0 is set to test which is not your script. Fixing this is not in the scope of this question though.
The delay in your first solution is caused by sed, not by tee. Try this instead:
#!/bin/bash
exec 6>&1 2>&1>&>(tee -a myscript.log)
To "undo" the tee effect:
exec 1>&6 2>&6 6>&-
Just for fun I want to pipe all output text in a terminal to espeak. For example, after this is set up I should be able to type echo hi and hear "hi" spoken, or ls and hear my directory contents listed.
The only promising method to capture output I've found so far is from here: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/bash-redirections-using-exec
This is what I have so far:
npipe=/tmp/$$.tmp
mknod $npipe p
tee /dev/tty <$npipe | espeak &
espeakpid=$!
exec 1>&-
exec 1>$npipe
trap "rm -f $npipe; kill $espeakpid" EXIT
It works (also printing a bunch of "Done" jobs), but creating the named pipe, removing with trap and printing the output with tee all just seems a bit messy. Is there a simpler way?
This is one way:
exec > >(exec tee >(exec xargs -n 1 -d '\n' espeak -- &>/dev/null))
If you want to be able to restore back to original output stream:
exec 3>&1 ## Store original stdout to fd 3.
exec 4> >(exec tee >(exec xargs -n 1 -d '\n' espeak -- &>/dev/null)) ## Open "espeak" as fd 4.
exec >&4 ## Redirect stdout to "espeak".
exec >&3 ## Redirect back to normal.
I use xargs -n 1 because espeak doesn't do anything until EOF is reached so we summon an instance of it per line. This can be customized of course, but there's your answer. And of course a while read loop can also be an option for this.
I also use exec's in process substitution to make sure we get rid of unnecessary subshells.
Seems like it's way easier than that - I just tested this and it works:
$ echo "these are not the droids you are looking for" | espeak --stdin
The --stdin flag is the key. From espeak's man page:
--stdin
Read text input from stdin instead of a file
And if what you want to hear is a very long output, I guess you can use xargs if you run into Argument list too long errors...
Say I have a bash script that get some input via stdin. Now in that script I want to launch another process and have that process get the same data via its stdin.
#!/bin/bash
echo STDIN | somecommand
Now the "echo STDIN" thing above is obviously bogus, the question is how to do that? I could use read to read each line from stdin, append it into a temp file, then
cat my_temp_file | somecommand
but that is somehow kludgy.
When you write a bash script, the standard input is automatically inherited by any command within it that tries to read it, so, for example, if you have a script myscript.sh containing:
#!/bin/bash
echo "this is my cat"
cat
echo "I'm done catting"
And you type:
$ myscript.sh < myfile
You obtain:
this is my cat
<... contents of my file...>
I'm done catting
Can tee help you?
echo 123 | (tee >( sed s/1/a/ ) >(sed s/3/c/) >/dev/null )
I have a script which will be run interactively by non-technical users. The script writes status updates to STDOUT so that the user can be sure that the script is running OK.
I want both STDOUT and STDERR redirected to the terminal (so that the user can see that the script is working as well as see if there was a problem). I also want both streams redirected to a log file.
I've seen a bunch of solutions on the net. Some don't work and others are horribly complicated. I've developed a workable solution (which I'll enter as an answer), but it's kludgy.
The perfect solution would be a single line of code that could be incorporated into the beginning of any script that sends both streams to both the terminal and a log file.
EDIT: Redirecting STDERR to STDOUT and piping the result to tee works, but it depends on the users remembering to redirect and pipe the output. I want the logging to be fool-proof and automatic (which is why I'd like to be able to embed the solution into the script itself.)
Use "tee" to redirect to a file and the screen. Depending on the shell you use, you first have to redirect stderr to stdout using
./a.out 2>&1 | tee output
or
./a.out |& tee output
In csh, there is a built-in command called "script" that will capture everything that goes to the screen to a file. You start it by typing "script", then doing whatever it is you want to capture, then hit control-D to close the script file. I don't know of an equivalent for sh/bash/ksh.
Also, since you have indicated that these are your own sh scripts that you can modify, you can do the redirection internally by surrounding the whole script with braces or brackets, like
#!/bin/sh
{
... whatever you had in your script before
} 2>&1 | tee output.file
Approaching half a decade later...
I believe this is the "perfect solution" sought by the OP.
Here's a one liner you can add to the top of your Bash script:
exec > >(tee -a $HOME/logfile) 2>&1
Here's a small script demonstrating its use:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
exec > >(tee -a $HOME/logfile) 2>&1
# Test redirection of STDOUT
echo test_stdout
# Test redirection of STDERR
ls test_stderr___this_file_does_not_exist
(Note: This only works with Bash. It will not work with /bin/sh.)
Adapted from here; the original did not, from what I can tell, catch STDERR in the logfile. Fixed with a note from here.
The Pattern
the_cmd 1> >(tee stdout.txt ) 2> >(tee stderr.txt >&2 )
This redirects both stdout and stderr separately, and it sends separate copies of stdout and stderr to the caller (which might be your terminal).
In zsh, it will not proceed to the next statement until the tees have finished.
In bash, you may find that the final few lines of output appear after whatever statement comes next.
In either case, the right bits go to the right places.
Explanation
Here's a script (stored in ./example):
#! /usr/bin/env bash
the_cmd()
{
echo out;
1>&2 echo err;
}
the_cmd 1> >(tee stdout.txt ) 2> >(tee stderr.txt >&2 )
Here's a session:
$ foo=$(./example)
err
$ echo $foo
out
$ cat stdout.txt
out
$ cat stderr.txt
err
Here's how it works:
Both tee processes are started, their stdins are assigned to file descriptors. Because they're enclosed in process substitutions, the paths to those file descriptors are substituted in the calling command, so now it looks something like this:
the_cmd 1> /proc/self/fd/13 2> /proc/self/fd/14
the_cmd runs, writing stdout to the first file descriptor, and stderr to the second one.
In the bash case, once the_cmd finishes, the following statement happens immediately (if your terminal is the caller, then you will see your prompt appear).
In the zsh case, once the_cmd finishes, the shell waits for both of the tee processes to finish before moving on. More on this here.
The first tee process, which is reading from the_cmd's stdout, writes a copy of that stdout back to the caller because that's what tee does. Its outputs are not redirected, so they make it back to the caller unchanged
The second tee process has it's stdout redirected to the caller's stderr (which is good, because it's stdin is reading from the_cmd's stderr). So when it writes to its stdout, those bits go to the caller's stderr.
This keeps stderr separate from stdout both in the files and in the command's output.
If the first tee writes any errors, they'll show up in both the stderr file and in the command's stderr, if the second tee writes any errors, they'll only show up only in the terminal's stderr.
the to redirect stderr to stdout append this at your command: 2>&1
For outputting to terminal and logging into file you should use tee
Both together would look like this:
mycommand 2>&1 | tee mylogfile.log
EDIT: For embedding into your script you would do the same. So your script
#!/bin/sh
whatever1
whatever2
...
whatever3
would end up as
#!/bin/sh
( whatever1
whatever2
...
whatever3 ) 2>&1 | tee mylogfile.log
EDIT:
I see I got derailed and ended up answering a different question from the one asked. The answer to the real question is at the bottom of Paul Tomblin's answer. (If you want to enhance that solution to redirect stdout and stderr separately for some reason, you could use the technique I describe here.)
I've been wanting an answer that preserves the distinction between stdout and stderr.
Unfortunately all of the answers given so far that preserve that distinction
are race-prone: they risk programs seeing incomplete input, as I pointed out in comments.
I think I finally found an answer that preserves the distinction,
is not race prone, and isn't terribly fiddly either.
First building block: to swap stdout and stderr:
my_command 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3-
Second building block: if we wanted to filter (e.g. tee) only stderr,
we could accomplish that by swapping stdout&stderr, filtering, and then swapping back:
{ my_command 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3- | stderr_filter;} 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3-
Now the rest is easy: we can add a stdout filter, either at the beginning:
{ { my_command | stdout_filter;} 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3- | stderr_filter;} 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3-
or at the end:
{ my_command 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3- | stderr_filter;} 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3- | stdout_filter
To convince myself that both of the above commands work, I used the following:
alias my_command='{ echo "to stdout"; echo "to stderr" >&2;}'
alias stdout_filter='{ sleep 1; sed -u "s/^/teed stdout: /" | tee stdout.txt;}'
alias stderr_filter='{ sleep 2; sed -u "s/^/teed stderr: /" | tee stderr.txt;}'
Output is:
...(1 second pause)...
teed stdout: to stdout
...(another 1 second pause)...
teed stderr: to stderr
and my prompt comes back immediately after the "teed stderr: to stderr", as expected.
Footnote about zsh:
The above solution works in bash (and maybe some other shells, I'm not sure), but it doesn't work in zsh. There are two reasons it fails in zsh:
the syntax 2>&3- isn't understood by zsh; that has to be rewritten
as 2>&3 3>&-
in zsh (unlike other shells), if you redirect a file descriptor
that's already open, in some cases (I don't completely understand how it decides) it does a built-in tee-like behavior instead. To avoid this, you have to close each fd prior to
redirecting it.
So, for example, my second solution has to be rewritten for zsh as {my_command 3>&1 1>&- 1>&2 2>&- 2>&3 3>&- | stderr_filter;} 3>&1 1>&- 1>&2 2>&- 2>&3 3>&- | stdout_filter (which works in bash too, but is awfully verbose).
On the other hand, you can take advantage of zsh's mysterious built-in implicit teeing to get a much shorter solution for zsh, which doesn't run tee at all:
my_command >&1 >stdout.txt 2>&2 2>stderr.txt
(I wouldn't have guessed from the docs I found that the >&1 and 2>&2 are the thing that trigger zsh's implicit teeing; I found that out by trial-and-error.)
Use the tee program and dup stderr to stdout.
program 2>&1 | tee > logfile
Use the script command in your script (man 1 script)
Create a wrapper shellscript (2 lines) that sets up script() and then calls exit.
Part 1: wrap.sh
#!/bin/sh
script -c './realscript.sh'
exit
Part 2: realscript.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo 'Output'
Result:
~: sh wrap.sh
Script started, file is typescript
Output
Script done, file is typescript
~: cat typescript
Script started on fr. 12. des. 2008 kl. 18.07 +0100
Output
Script done on fr. 12. des. 2008 kl. 18.07 +0100
~:
I created a script called "RunScript.sh". The contents of this script is:
${APP_HOME}/${1}.sh ${2} ${3} ${4} ${5} ${6} 2>&1 | tee -a ${APP_HOME}/${1}.log
I call it like this:
./RunScript.sh ScriptToRun Param1 Param2 Param3 ...
This works, but it requires the application's scripts to be run via an external script. It's a bit kludgy.
A year later, here's an old bash script for logging anything. For example,
teelog make ... logs to a generated log name (and see the trick for logging nested makes too.)
#!/bin/bash
me=teelog
Version="2008-10-9 oct denis-bz"
Help() {
cat <<!
$me anycommand args ...
logs the output of "anycommand ..." as well as displaying it on the screen,
by running
anycommand args ... 2>&1 | tee `day`-command-args.log
That is, stdout and stderr go to both the screen, and to a log file.
(The Unix "tee" command is named after "T" pipe fittings, 1 in -> 2 out;
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tee_(command) ).
The default log file name is made up from "command" and all the "args":
$me cmd -opt dir/file logs to `day`-cmd--opt-file.log .
To log to xx.log instead, either export log=xx.log or
$me log=xx.log cmd ...
If "logdir" is set, logs are put in that directory, which must exist.
An old xx.log is moved to /tmp/\$USER-xx.log .
The log file has a header like
# from: command args ...
# run: date pwd etc.
to show what was run; see "From" in this file.
Called as "Log" (ln -s $me Log), Log anycommand ... logs to a file:
command args ... > `day`-command-args.log
and tees stderr to both the log file and the terminal -- bash only.
Some commands that prompt for input from the console, such as a password,
don't prompt if they "| tee"; you can only type ahead, carefully.
To log all "make" s, including nested ones like
cd dir1; \$(MAKE)
cd dir2; \$(MAKE)
...
export MAKE="$me make"
!
# See also: output logging in screen(1).
exit 1
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# bzutil.sh denisbz may2008 --
day() { # 30mar, 3mar
/bin/date +%e%h | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | tr -d ' '
}
edate() { # 19 May 2008 15:56
echo `/bin/date "+%e %h %Y %H:%M"`
}
From() { # header # from: $* # run: date pwd ...
case `uname` in Darwin )
mac=" mac `sw_vers -productVersion`"
esac
cut -c -200 <<!
${comment-#} from: $#
${comment-#} run: `edate` in $PWD `uname -n` $mac `arch`
!
# mac $PWD is pwd -L not -P real
}
# log name: day-args*.log, change this if you like --
logfilename() {
log=`day`
[[ $1 == "sudo" ]] && shift
for arg
do
log="$log-${arg##*/}" # basename
(( ${#log} >= 100 )) && break # max len 100
done
# no blanks etc in logfilename please, tr them to "-"
echo $logdir/` echo "$log".log | tr -C '.:+=[:alnum:]_\n' - `
}
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
case "$1" in
-v* | --v* )
echo "$0 version: $Version"
exit 1 ;;
"" | -* )
Help
esac
# scan log= etc --
while [[ $1 == [a-zA-Z_]*=* ]]; do
export "$1"
shift
done
: ${logdir=.}
[[ -w $logdir ]] || {
echo >&2 "error: $me: can't write in logdir $logdir"
exit 1
}
: ${log=` logfilename "$#" `}
[[ -f $log ]] &&
/bin/mv "$log" "/tmp/$USER-${log##*/}"
case ${0##*/} in # basename
log | Log ) # both to log, stderr to caller's stderr too --
{
From "$#"
"$#"
} > $log 2> >(tee /dev/stderr) # bash only
# see http://wooledge.org:8000/BashFAQ 47, stderr to a pipe
;;
* )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{
From "$#" # header: from ... date pwd etc.
"$#" 2>&1 # run the cmd with stderr and stdout both to the log
} | tee $log
# mac tee buffers stdout ?
esac
This question seems has not been gracefully solved yet.
Everytime I search "how to output to stdout and stderr at same time", google directs me to this post.
Today, I finally found a simple & effective way to solve almost all these kind of needs.
The essential idea is the tee command which can print to multiple output at same time, and linux-specific /proc/self/fd/{1,2,...} to represent stdout, stderr...
print stdin to both stdout and stderr
tee /proc/self/fd/2
print stdin to both stdout and stderr, and file
tee /proc/self/fd/2 file
Hope this be helpful.
Here is a solution working for bash by redirection, by combining the solution of "kvantour, MatrixManAtYrService" and "Jason Sydes":
#!/bin/bash
exec 1> >(tee x.log) 2> >(tee x.err >&2)
echo "test for log"
echo "test for err" 1>&2
Save the script above as x.sh. After running ./x.sh, the x.log only include the stdout, while the x.err only include the stderr.