I got this 'require' cannot load such file error.
I got this previously and I added
__LIB_DIR__ = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".."))
unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(__LIB_DIR__)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(__LIB_DIR__)
end
I would like to know what this does? I added this in a main 'require' file of my project.
Now I write a test case,
$:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".")
I try to run it, I get the LoadError. I also tried require_relative no luck.
Structure:
Main
Git
lib
files.rb
base.rb
test
test1.rb
I have the first code block above in base.rb where I do all 'requires'
and when i try to run the test. I get LoadError.
'Please',Explain the first and second code blocks also give me a solution
For clarity, instead of
__LIB_DIR__ = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".."))
use
__LIB_DIR__ = File.expand_path('..', File.dirname(__FILE__))
What does this do?
unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(__LIB_DIR__)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(__LIB_DIR__)
end
Consider this:
ary = %w[a b]
ary # => ["a", "b"]
ary.unshift('c')
ary # => ["c", "a", "b"]
I try to run it, I get the LoadError. I also tried require_relative no luck.
That could be for a number of reasons, but, unfortunately you didn't share the code where it occurs. require and require_relative are both used to load code, but have different syntax in the parameter passed. We'd need to know what you're trying to load, and where it is in the file hierarchy in relation to your calling script.
Perhaps one of these, or their related questions, would help:
"ruby `require': cannot load such file"
"Ruby 'require' error: cannot load such file"
"require cannot load such file"
"Cannot load files using require"
Related
I'm new in ruby and I can't move forward from using login cred. from a yml file for a ruby project .I have a basic yml file
login:
urls:
gmail: "https://accounts.google.com/signin"
users:
username: something
password: something_new
I've created a yml.rb with require yml ,and access the yml path & loading the file .
But I don't know how to go through users/username ... in my test.rb :( .I've added in the "it " a variable to store the yml class and at the end i'm trying with
expect data['valid_user']
expect data['login']['urls']['gmail']
expect data['login']['users']['username']
but in the terminal I receive th error "NoMethodError: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass "
Update
Here is my yml.rb
require 'rspec'
require 'yaml'
class YamlHelper
#env = {}
def initialize
file = "#{Dir.pwd}path of yml file"
#env = YAML.load_file(file)
end
def get_variables
#env
end
end
Here is my test.rb file
describe 'My behaviour' do
before(:each) do
#browser = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
end
it 'verifies yml login' do
yaml_helper = YamlHelper.new
data = yaml_helper.get_variables
expect data['valid_user']
expect test_data['login']['urls']['gmail']
expect test_data['login']['users']['username']
expect test_data['login']['users']['password']
end
after(:each) do #browser.quit
end
Can anyone take a look ?
thanks in advance
Have a lovely day
It looks like the code is almost there. When I'm debugging this sort of thing I'll often try to distil it down to the most basic test first
Something like:
require 'yaml'
file = "#{Dir.pwd}/data.yml"
data = YAML.load_file(file)
data['valid_user']
#=> nil
data['login']['urls']['gmail']
#=> "https://accounts.google.com/signin"
data['login']['users']['username']
#=> "something"
From the above you can see there's probably a typo in your test.rb file: test_data should most likely be data. Also, your YAML file doesn't contain the valid_user key, so you probably want to remove it from the test, at least for now.
The other two keys load fine.
The error you're seeing NoMethodError: undefined method '[]' for nil:NilClass means that one of the hashes you're variables you're treating like a hash is actually nil. This sort of bug is fairly common when you're diving into nested hashes. It means one of two things:
You've correctly descended into the hash, but the data is not present in the YAML.
The data is present in the YAML, but you're not getting to it correctly.
One change you can make that will make this code a bit more resilient is to replace:
test_data['login']['users']['username']
with:
test_data.dig('login', 'users', 'username')
The latter uses dig, which delves into the data structure and tries to return the value you're after, but if it gets a nil back at any point it'll just return nil, rather than throwing an exception.
Finally, for the test you've pasted here, you don't need the before(:each) or after(:each) blocks – Selenium is only necessary for browser testing.
I am having trouble accessing a module I declared in another file, and I am wondering if I have this right conceptually. Let me explain.
If I have file a, b and c setup like so
File a
module HelloWorld
def greet
"hello world"
end
end
File b
require "a"
File c
require "b"
include HelloWorld
puts greet
So it's a -> b -> c, will this work?
Now what if I do it this way
File a
module HelloWorld
def greet
"hello world"
end
end
File b
include HelloWorld
puts greet
File c
require "a"
require "b"
Would that change anything? It seems to me, gems - once required - are accessible no matter what file, but I am having trouble accessing modules in the second scenario. Any help is appreciated.
UPDATE: I tested both scenarios, and they both work, which leads me to believe this is not a conceptual problem, but a bug in my code. I am going to work on debugging the project.
When I try to run your code I get the following error message
$ ruby c.rb
~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- a (LoadError)
from /Users/Sonna/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from c.rb:2:in `<main>'
It is simply saying that it uses the Kernel's require method
it cannot find the a.rb file and then raises and LoadError exception.
In order to require the file you can use the Kernal's require_relative method
require_relative "a"
require_relative "b"
and it will a those a & b files relative to the c file.
Or you can add the following lines of code to your c.rb file, which is a
common convention used in Ruby Gems to load their custom scripts/libraries
current_directory = File.expand_path("../", __FILE__)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(current_directory) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(current_directory)
This will add the current directory ../ from the current file __FILE__,
expand it to be an aboslute path of said current directory and add it to the
existing Load Path global variable; e.g.
puts $LOAD_PATH
# => ["~/Projects/ruby/stackoverflow_questions/the_scope_of_require",
# "/usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/1.0.0/rbenv.d/exec/gem-rehash",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.0.0/lib",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0/x86_64-darwin15",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/site_ruby",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.3.0",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.3.0/x86_64-darwin15",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0",
# "~/.rbenv/versions/2.3.1/lib/ruby/2.3.0/x86_64-darwin15"]
Which require internally uses to find by filename, if it is not given an
absolute path
If the filename does not resolve to an absolute path, it will be searched for
in the directories listed in $LOAD_PATH ($:).
-- Kernel's require method
So when I run you code again I see the following
$ ruby c.rb
hello world
It should be noted that
A file will not be loaded again if its path already appears in $". For
example, require 'a'; require './a' will not load a.rb again.
-- Module: Kernel (Ruby 2_4_0)
So as long as one of your require methods occur once before one of the methods in
that file are called, it should work; so both of your examples will work (as
long as either the directory the sit is added to the $LOAD_PATH or you use
require_relative instead)
I have a file /project/lib/invaccessor.rb with the following content
class InvAccessor
def initialize
#browser = "browser"
end
end
and a spec file project/spec/invaccessor_spec.rb which requires it
require_relative '../lib/invaccessor'
describe Invaccessor do
it {expect(2).to be_even}
end
When I run rspec spec/invaccessor.rb I get an uninitialized constant error for Invaccessor. Do I have to put all file contents in a module in order to access them?
I'm using Ruby 2.2.2.
Yes, you can.
Try this inside the directory where your classfile.rb lies:
>> require './classfile'
=> true
>> A
=> A
You definitely don't have to put a class into a module to require it.
I'm trying to edit my Ruby file with Pry. There are few variables that are set in it, and for whatever reason I can't seem to cd into them because they aren't being defined even after I 'load' the file.
Here is the code:
require 'nokogiri'
require 'open-uri'
doc = Nokogiri.XML('<foo><bar /><foo>', nil, 'UTF-8')
url = "http://superbook.eventmarketer.com/category/agencies/"
puts "Finished!"
In Pry I do:
load "./AgencyListingScraper.rb"
and then this is the output:
7] pry(main)> load './AgencyListingScraper.rb'
Finished!
=> true
[8] pry(main)>
Then when I try to do something like:
[8] pry(main)> url
NameError: undefined local variable or method `url' for main:Object
from (pry):6:in `__pry__'
[9] pry(main)> cd url
Error: Bad object path: url. Failed trying to resolve: url. #<NameError: undefined local
variable or method `url' for main:Object>
[10] pry(main)>
This is what I get.
I think I'm not loading the file correctly although I've been searching for hours and I can't figure out how to properly do this. I was doing it right months ago when I had made a scraper with Ruby, but this time I'm having trouble just getting started because of this bit.
Thanks for your help in advance!
Try it this way:
In your file include Pry and do a binding.pry:
require 'nokogiri'
require 'open-uri'
require 'pry'
doc = Nokogiri.XML('<foo><bar /><foo>', nil, 'UTF-8')
url = "http://superbook.eventmarketer.com/category/agencies/"
binding.pry
puts "Finished!"
Then run the file by executing:
ruby AgencyListingScraper.rb
That should drop you into a Pry session where you can use commands like ls to see all of the variables.
Both the way you used Pry, and this way, work. However, the reason that load may not be working in your case is that local variables don't get carried over across files, like when you require one file from another.
Try loading this file:
#test.rb
y = "i dont get carried over cause i am a local variable"
b= "i dont get carried over cause i am a local variable"
AAA= "i am a constant so i carry over"
#per = "i am an instance var so i get carried over as well"
When you load it in Pry using load "test.rb" you can see that you can't get access to the local variables from that file.
I found this question googling but the proposed solution did not work for me because the file I wanted to load was not a class nor a script but a complex ruby config file, so I was not able to inject pry in the code.
But I also found an answer in Reddit linked to this gist that was exactly what I was looking for.
Doing a
Pry.toplevel_binding.eval File.read("stuff.rb")
Will effectively execute the ruby code of the file stuff.rb in the current pry session, leaving the resulting objects for inspecting.
What's the best way to require all files from a directory in ruby ?
How about:
Dir["/path/to/directory/*.rb"].each {|file| require file }
If it's a directory relative to the file that does the requiring (e.g. you want to load all files in the lib directory):
Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/lib/*.rb'].each {|file| require file }
Edit: Based on comments below, an updated version:
Dir[File.join(__dir__, 'lib', '*.rb')].each { |file| require file }
Try the require_all gem:
http://github.com/jarmo/require_all
https://rubygems.org/gems/require_all
It lets you simply:
require_all 'path/to/directory'
Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../lib/*.rb'].each do |file|
require File.basename(file, File.extname(file))
end
If you don't strip the extension then you may end up requiring the same file twice (ruby won't realize that "foo" and "foo.rb" are the same file). Requiring the same file twice can lead to spurious warnings (e.g. "warning: already initialized constant").
Dir.glob(File.join('path', '**', '*.rb'), &method(:require))
or alternatively, if you want to scope the files to load to specific folders:
Dir.glob(File.join('path', '{folder1,folder2}', '**', '*.rb'), &method(:require))
explanation:
Dir.glob takes a block as argument.
method(:require) will return the require method.
&method(:require) will convert the method to a bloc.
The best way is to add the directory to the load path and then require the basename of each file. This is because you want to avoid accidentally requiring the same file twice -- often not the intended behavior. Whether a file will be loaded or not is dependent on whether require has seen the path passed to it before. For example, this simple irb session shows that you can mistakenly require and load the same file twice.
$ irb
irb(main):001:0> require 'test'
=> true
irb(main):002:0> require './test'
=> true
irb(main):003:0> require './test.rb'
=> false
irb(main):004:0> require 'test'
=> false
Note that the first two lines return true meaning the same file was loaded both times. When paths are used, even if the paths point to the same location, require doesn't know that the file was already required.
Here instead, we add a directory to the load path and then require the basename of each *.rb file within.
dir = "/path/to/directory"
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(dir)
Dir[File.join(dir, "*.rb")].each {|file| require File.basename(file) }
If you don't care about the file being required more than once, or your intention is just to load the contents of the file, perhaps load should be used instead of require. Use load in this case, because it better expresses what you're trying to accomplish. For example:
Dir["/path/to/directory/*.rb"].each {|file| load file }
Instead of concatenating paths like in some answers, I use File.expand_path:
Dir[File.expand_path('importers/*.rb', File.dirname(__FILE__))].each do |file|
require file
end
Update:
Instead of using File.dirname you could do the following:
Dir[File.expand_path('../importers/*.rb', __FILE__)].each do |file|
require file
end
Where .. strips the filename of __FILE__.
Dir[File.join(__dir__, "/app/**/*.rb")].each do |file|
require file
end
This will work recursively on your local machine and a remote (Like Heroku) which does not use relative paths.
In Rails, you can do:
Dir[Rails.root.join('lib', 'ext', '*.rb')].each { |file| require file }
Update: Corrected with suggestion of #Jiggneshh Gohel to remove slashes.
I'm a few years late to the party, but I kind of like this one-line solution I used to get rails to include everything in app/workers/concerns:
Dir[ Rails.root.join *%w(app workers concerns *) ].each{ |f| require f }
And what about: require_relative *Dir['relative path']?