Converting string to proper title case - ruby

I have this exercise:
Write a Title class which is initialized with a string.
It has one method -- fix -- which should return a title-cased version of the string:
Title.new("a title of a book").fix =
A Title of a Book
You'll need to use conditional logic - if and else statements - to make this work.
Make sure you read the test specification carefully so you understand the conditional logic to be implemented.
Some methods you'll want to use:
String#downcase
String#capitalize
Array#include?
Also, here is the Rspec, I should have included that:
describe "Title" do
describe "fix" do
it "capitalizes the first letter of each word" do
expect( Title.new("the great gatsby").fix ).to eq("The Great Gatsby")
end
it "works for words with mixed cases" do
expect( Title.new("liTTle reD Riding hOOD").fix ).to eq("Little Red Riding Hood")
end
it "downcases articles" do
expect( Title.new("The lord of the rings").fix ).to eq("The Lord of the Rings")
expect( Title.new("The sword And The stone").fix ).to eq("The Sword and the Stone")
expect( Title.new("the portrait of a lady").fix ).to eq("The Portrait of a Lady")
end
it "works for strings with all uppercase characters" do
expect( Title.new("THE SWORD AND THE STONE").fix ).to eq("The Sword and the Stone")
end
end
end
Thank you #simone, I incorporated your suggestions:
class Title
attr_accessor :string
def initialize(string)
#string = string
end
IGNORE = %w(the of a and)
def fix
s = string.split(' ')
s.map do |word|
words = word.downcase
if IGNORE.include?(word)
words
else
words.capitalize
end
end
s.join(' ')
end
end
Although I'm still running into errors when running the code:
expected: "The Great Gatsby"
got: "the great gatsby"
(compared using ==)
exercise_spec.rb:6:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
From my beginner's perspective, I cannot see what I'm doing wrong?
Final edit: I just wanted to say thanks for all the effort every one put in in assisting me earlier. I'll show the final working code I was able to produce:
class Title
attr_accessor :string
def initialize(string)
#string = string
end
def fix
word_list = %w{a of and the}
a = string.downcase.split(' ')
b = []
a.each_with_index do |word, index|
if index == 0 || !word_list.include?(word)
b << word.capitalize
else
b << word
end
end
b.join(' ')
end
end

Here's a possible solution.
class Title
attr_accessor :string
IGNORES = %w( the of a and )
def initialize(string)
#string = string
end
def fix
tokens = string.split(' ')
tokens.map do |token|
token = token.downcase
if IGNORES.include?(token)
token
else
token.capitalize
end
end.join(" ")
end
end
Title.new("a title of a book").fix
Your starting point was good. Here's a few improvements:
The comparison is always lower-case. This will simplify the if-condition
The list of ignored items is into an array. This will simplify the if-condition because you don't need an if for each ignored string (they could be hundreds)
I use a map to replace the tokens. It's a common Ruby pattern to use blocks with enumerations to loop over items

There are two ways you can approach this problem:
break the string into words, possibly modify each word and join the words back together; or
use a regular expression.
I will say something about the latter, but I believe your exercise concerns the former--which is the approach you've taken--so I will concentrate on that.
Split string into words
You use String#split(' ') to split the string into words:
str = "a title of a\t book"
a = str.split(' ')
#=> ["a", "title", "of", "a", "book"]
That's fine, even when there's extra whitespace, but one normally writes that:
str.split
#=> ["a", "title", "of", "a", "book"]
Both ways are the same as
str.split(/\s+/)
#=> ["a", "title", "of", "a", "book"]
Notice that I've used the variable a to signify that an array is return. Some may feel that is not sufficiently descriptive, but I believe it's better than s, which is a little confusing. :-)
Create enumerators
Next you send the method Enumerable#each_with_index to create an enumerator:
enum0 = a.each_with_index
# => #<Enumerator: ["a", "title", "of", "a", "book"]:each_with_index>
To see the contents of the enumerator, convert enum0 to an array:
enum0.to_a
#=> [["a", 0], ["title", 1], ["of", 2], ["a", 3], ["book", 4]]
You've used each_with_index because the first word--the one with index 0-- is to be treated differently than the others. That's fine.
So far, so good, but at this point you need to use Enumerable#map to convert each element of enum0 to an appropriate value. For example, the first value, ["a", 0] is to be converted to "A", the next is to be converted to "Title" and the third to "of".
Therefore, you need to send the method Enumerable#map to enum0:
enum1 = enum.map
#=> #<Enumerator: #<Enumerator: ["a", "title", "of", "a",
"book"]:each_with_index>:map>
enum1.to_a
#=> [["a", 0], ["title", 1], ["of", 2], ["a", 3], ["book", 4]]
As you see, this creates a new enumerator, which could think of as a "compound" enumerator.
The elements of enum1 will be passed into the block by Array#each.
Invoke the enumerator and join
You want to a capitalize the first word and all other words other than those that begin with an article. We therefore must define some articles:
articles = %w{a of it} # and more
#=> ["a", "of", "it"]
b = enum1.each do |w,i|
case i
when 0 then w.capitalize
else articles.include?(w) ? w.downcase : w.capitalize
end
end
#=> ["A", "Title", "of", "a", "Book"]
and lastly we join the array with one space between each word:
b.join(' ')
=> "A Title of a Book"
Review details of calculation
Let's go back to the calculation of b. The first element of enum1 is passed into the block and assigned to the block variables:
w, i = ["a", 0] #=> ["a", 0]
w #=> "a"
i #=> 0
so we execute:
case 0
when 0 then "a".capitalize
else articles.include?("a") ? "a".downcase : "a".capitalize
end
which returns "a".capitalize => "A". Similarly, when the next element of enum1 is passed to the block:
w, i = ["title", 1] #=> ["title", 1]
w #=> "title"
i #=> 1
case 1
when 0 then "title".capitalize
else articles.include?("title") ? "title".downcase : "title".capitalize
end
which returns "Title" since articles.include?("title") => false. Next:
w, i = ["of", 2] #=> ["of", 2]
w #=> "of"
i #=> 2
case 2
when 0 then "of".capitalize
else articles.include?("of") ? "of".downcase : "of".capitalize
end
which returns "of" since articles.include?("of") => true.
Chaining operations
Putting this together, we have:
str.split.each_with_index.map do |w,i|
case i
when 0 then w.capitalize
else articles.include?(w) ? w.downcase : w.capitalize
end
end
#=> ["A", "Title", "of", "a", "Book"]
Alternative calculation
Another way to do this, without using each_with_index, is like this:
first_word, *remaining_words = str.split
first_word
#=> "a"
remaining_words
#=> ["title", "of", "a", "book"]
"#{first_word.capitalize} #{ remaining_words.map { |w|
articles.include?(w) ? w.downcase : w.capitalize }.join(' ') }"
#=> "A Title of a Book"
Using a regular expression
str = "a title of a book"
str.gsub(/(^\w+)|(\w+)/) do
$1 ? $1.capitalize :
articles.include?($2) ? $2 : $2.capitalize
end
#=> "A Title of a Book"
The regular expression "captures" [(...)] a word at the beginning of the string [(^\w+)] or [|] a word that is not necessarily at the beginning of string [(\w+)]. The contents of the two capture groups are assigned to the global variables $1 and $2, respectively.
Therefore, stepping through the words of the string, the first word, "a", is captured by capture group #1, so (\w+) is not evaluated. Each subsequent word is not captured by capture group #1 (so $1 => nil), but is captured by capture group #2. Hence, if $1 is not nil, we capitalize the (first) word (of the sentence); else we capitalize $2 if the word is not an article and leave it unchanged if it is an article.

def fix
string.downcase.split(/(\s)/).map.with_index{ |x,i|
( i==0 || x.match(/^(?:a|is|of|the|and)$/).nil? ) ? x.capitalize : x
}.join
end
Meets all conditions:
a, is, of, the, and all lowercase
capitalizes all other words
all first words are capitalized
Explanation
string.downcase calls one operation to make the string you're working with all lower case
.split(/(\s)/) takes the lower case string and splits it on white-space (space, tab, newline, etc) into an array, making each word an element of the array; surrounding the \s (the delimiter) in the parentheses also retains it in the array that's returned, so we don't lose that white-space character when rejoining
.map.with_index{ |x,i| iterates over that returned array, where x is the value and i is the index number; each iteration returns an element of a new array; when the loop is complete you will have a new array
( i==0 || x.match(/^(?:a|is|of|the|and)$/).nil? ) if it's the first element in the array (index of 0), or the word matches a,is,of,the, or and -- that is, the match is not nil -- then x.capitalize (capitalize the word), otherwise (it did match the ignore words) so just return the word/value, x
.join take our new array and combine all the words into one string again
Additional
Ordinarily, what is inside parentheses in regex is considered a capture group, meaning that if the pattern inside is matched, a special variable will retain the value after the regex operations have finished. In some cases, such as the \s we wanted to capture that value, because we reuse it, in other cases like our ignore words, we need to match, but do not need to capture them. To avoid capturing a match you can pace ?: at the beginning of the capture group to tell the regex engine not to retain the value. There are many benefits of this that fall outside the scope of this answer.

Here is another possible solution to the problem
class Title
attr_accessor :str
def initialize(str)
#str = str
end
def fix
s = str.downcase.split(" ") #convert all the strings to downcase and it will be stored in an array
words_cap = []
ignore = %w( of a and the ) # List of words to be ignored
s.each do |item|
if ignore.include?(item) # check whether word in an array is one of the words in ignore list.If it is yes, don't capitalize.
words_cap << item
else
words_cap << item.capitalize
end
end
sentence = words_cap.join(" ") # convert an array of strings to sentence
new_sentence =sentence.slice(0,1).capitalize + sentence.slice(1..-1) #Capitalize first word of the sentence. Incase it is not capitalized while checking the ignore list.
end
end

Related

How to skip over whitespaces in .map. Ruby

This is my code:
def weirdcase (string)
string.chars.map.with_index { |letter, index|
unless index.odd?;
letter = letter.upcase
else
letter
end }.compact.join("")
end
This is what it's supposed to do:
"ThIs Is A TeSt"
And this is what I got:
"ThIs iS A TeSt"
It's giving me the wrong string in return because it's counting/including the white spaces in my
code. All I need to do is find a way to skip the white spaces then I'm good to go.
Thanks!
The problem
I assume that the objective is to capitalize, for each word, all letters at even indices (the first letter of the word having index zero).
Here are two ways to do that. Both methods use String#gsub with a regular expression. Depending on requirements it may be necessary to change str.gsub... to str.downcase.gsub... for both methods.
Use a regular expression to match one- or two-characters strings, two if possible, and capitalize those strings.
def weirdcase(str)
str.gsub(/(?<=\A| |[^ ]{2})[^ ]{1,2}/) { |s| s.capitalize }
end
weirdcase "this is a sentence for testing"
#=> "ThIs Is A SeNtEnCe FoR TeStInG"
The regular expression reads, "match one or two characters other than spaces, two if possible ([^ ]{1,2}), that are immediately preceded by one of the following: the beginning of the string (\A), a space or two characters other than spaces. (?<=\A| |[^ ]{2}) is a positive lookbehind.
s.capitalize invokes the method String#capitalize on the match.
Use a cycling enumerator
def weirdcase(str)
enum = [:upcase, :downcase].cycle
str.gsub(/./) do |s|
if s == ' '
enum.rewind
' '
else
s.public_send(enum.next)
end
end
end
weirdcase "this is a sentence for testing"
#=> "ThIs Is A SeNtEnCe FoR TeStInG"
The regular expression /./ matches each character in the string.
See Array#cycle, Enumerator#rewind, Enumerator#next and Object#public_send.
Note the following.
enum = [:upcase, :downcase].cycle
#=> #<Enumerator: [:upcase, :downcase]:cycle>
enum.next
#=> :upcase
enum.next
#=> :downcase
enum.next
#=> :upcase
enum.rewind
#=> #<Enumerator: [:upcase, :downcase]:cycle>
enum.next
#=> :upcase
enum.next
#=> :downcase
... ad infinitum

Ruby method that uppercases even indexed letters and lowercases odd

Directions:
Write a method that accepts a string, and returns the same string with all even indexed characters in each word upper cased, and all odd indexed characters in each word lower cased. The indexing just explained is zero based, so the zero-ith index is even, therefore that character should be upper cased.
The passed in string will only consist of alphabetical characters and spaces(' '). Spaces will only be present if there are multiple words. Words will be separated by a single space(' ').
My code:
(someone please refactor or explain to me a cleaner/shorter solution)
def weirdcase(string)
arr = string.split(' ')
arr.map! {|word|
char = word.chars
char.each_with_index do |letter, i|
i % 2 == 0 ? letter.upcase! : letter.downcase!
end
}
arr.map! {|a| a.push(' ').join('')}
x = arr.join('').to_s
x[0...-1]
end
This is one way you could do that, using Array#cycle to create an enumerator and String#gsub to replace every character in the string with its value upcased or downcased.
def weirdcase(str)
enum = [:upcase, :downcase].cycle
str.gsub(/./) do |s|
if s == ' '
enum.rewind
s
else
s.public_send(enum.next)
end
end
end
weirdcase "Mary had a little lamb"
#=> "MaRy hAd a lItTlE LaMb"
By making gsub's argument /./ each character in the string is replaced by the value returned by the block, which, if that character is not a space, is that character either upcased or downcased, depending on the symbol generated by the enumerator enum, which alternates between :upcase and :downcase for each word.
Note that
enum = [:upcase, :downcase].cycle
#=> #<Enumerator: [:upcase, :downcase]:cycle>
enum.next
#=> :upcase
enum.next
#=> :downcase
enum.next
#=> :upcase
and so on. See also Enumerator#next.
Enumerator#rewind is needed to begin anew the alternating of case with each word.
One could replace s.public_send(enum.next) with
enum.next == :upcase ? s.upcase : s.downcase
You could also use gsub to change two adjacent characters at a time:
def weirdcase(string)
string.gsub(/(.)(.?)/) { "#{$1.upcase}#{$2.downcase}" }
end
weirdcase "Mary had a little lamb"
#=> "MaRy hAd a lItTlE LaMb"
The ? makes the second character optional, which is needed for odd-length strings:
weirdcase "foo"
#=> "FoO"
Or a using each_char and with_index:
def weirdcase(string)
string.each_char.map.with_index { |char, index|
if index.odd?
char.downcase
else
char.upcase
end
}.join
end
If you want to change each word separately:
"Mary had a little lamb".split(' ').map { |word| weirdcase(word) }.join(' ')
#=> "MaRy HaD A LiTtLe LaMb"
or again with gsub:
"Mary had a little lamb".gsub(/\S+/) { |word| weirdcase(word) }
#=> "MaRy HaD A LiTtLe LaMb"

How to count a string elements' occurrence in another string in ruby?

How can I check how many times a phrase occurs in a string?
For example, let's say the phrase is donut
str1 = "I love donuts!"
#=> returns 1 because "donuts" is found once.
str2 = "Squirrels do love nuts"
#=> also returns 1 because of 'do' and 'nuts' make up donut
str3 = "donuts do stun me"
#=> returns 2 because 'donuts' and 'do stun' has all elements to make 'donuts'
I checked this SO that suggests using include, but it only works if donuts is spelled in order.
I came up with this, but it doesn't stop spelling after all elements of "donuts"is spelled. i.e. "I love donuts" #=> ["o", "d", "o", "n", "u", "t", "s"]
def word(arr)
acceptable_word = "donuts".chars
arr.chars.select { |name| acceptable_word.include? name.downcase }
end
How can I check how many occurrences of donuts are there in a given string? No edge cases. Input will always be String, no nil. If it contains elements of donut only it should not count as 1 occurrence; it needs to contain donuts, doesn't have to be in order.
Code
def count_em(str, target)
target.chars.uniq.map { |c| str.count(c)/target.count(c) }.min
end
Examples
count_em "I love donuts!", "donuts" #=> 1
count_em "Squirrels do love nuts", "donuts" #=> 1
count_em "donuts do stun me", "donuts" #=> 2
count_em "donuts and nuts sound too delicious", "donuts" #=> 3
count_em "cats have nine lives", "donuts" #=> 0
count_em "feeding force scout", "coffee" #=> 1
count_em "feeding or scout", "coffee" #=> 0
str = ("free mocha".chars*4).shuffle.join
# => "hhrefemcfeaheomeccrmcre eef oa ofrmoaha "
count_em str, "free mocha"
#=> 4
Explanation
For
str = "feeding force scout"
target = "coffee"
a = target.chars
#=> ["c", "o", "f", "f", "e", "e"]
b = a.uniq
#=> ["c", "o", "f", "e"]
c = b.map { |c| str.count(c)/target.count(c) }
#=> [2, 2, 1, 1]
c.min
#=> 1
In calculating c, consider the first element of b passed to the block and assigned to the block variable c.
c = "c"
Then the block calculation is
d = str.count(c)
#=> 2
e = target.count(c)
#=> 1
d/e
#=> 2
This indicates that str contains enough "c"'s to match "coffee" twice.
The remaining calculations to obtain c are similar.
Addendum
If the characters of str matching characters target must be in the same order as those of target, the following regex could be used.
target = "coffee"
r = /#{ target.chars.join(".*?") }/i
#=> /c.*?o.*?f.*?f.*?e.*?e/i
matches = "xcorr fzefe yecaof tfe erg eeffoc".scan(r)
#=> ["corr fzefe ye", "caof tfe e"]
matches.size
#=> 2
"feeding force scout".scan(r).size
#=> 0
The questions marks in the regex are needed to make the searches non-greedy.
The solution is more or less simple (map(&:dup) is used there to avoid inputs mutating):
pattern = 'donuts'
[str1, str2, str3].map(&:dup).map do |s|
loop.with_index do |_, i|
break i unless pattern.chars.all? { |c| s.sub!(c, '') }
end
end
#⇒ [1, 1, 2]
Here's an approach with two variants, one where the letters must appear in order, and one where order is irrelevant. In both cases the frequency of each letter is respected, so "coffee" must match vs. two 'f' and two 'e' letters, "free mocha" is insufficient to match, lacking a second 'f'.
def sorted_string(string)
string.split('').sort.join
end
def phrase_regexp_sequence(phrase)
Regexp.new(
phrase.downcase.split('').join('.*')
)
end
def phrase_regexp_unordered(phrase)
Regexp.new(
phrase.downcase.gsub(/\W/, '').split('').sort.chunk_while(&:==).map do |bit|
"#{bit[0]}{#{bit.length}}"
end.join('.*')
)
end
def contains_unordered(phrase, string)
!!phrase_regexp_unordered(phrase).match(sorted_string(string.downcase))
end
def contains_sequence(phrase, string)
!!phrase_regexp_sequence(phrase).match(string.downcase)
end
strings = [
"I love donuts!",
"Squirrels do love nuts",
"donuts do stun me",
"no stunned matches",
]
phrase = 'donut'
strings.each do |string|
puts '%-30s %s %s' % [
string,
contains_unordered(phrase, string),
contains_sequence(phrase, string)
]
end
# => I love donuts! true true
# => Squirrels do love nuts true true
# => donuts do stun me true true
# => no stunned matches true false
Simple solution:
criteria = "donuts"
str1 = "I love donuts!"
str2 = "Squirrels do love nuts"
str3 = "donuts do stun me"
def strings_construction(criteria, string)
unique_criteria_array = criteria.split("").uniq
my_hash = {}
# Let's count how many times each character of the string matches a character in the string
unique_criteria_array.each do |char|
my_hash[char] ? my_hash[char] = my_hash[char] + 1 : my_hash[char] = string.count(char)
end
my_hash.values.min
end
puts strings_construction(criteria, str1) #=> 1
puts strings_construction(criteria, str2) #=> 1
puts strings_construction(criteria, str3) #=> 2

Calling specific element from array not returning (Ruby)

I can't tell what's wrong with my code:
def morse_code(str)
string = []
string.push(str.split(' '))
puts string
puts string[2]
end
What I'm expecting is if I use "what is the dog" for str, I would get the following results:
=> ["what", "is", "the", "dog"]
=> "the"
But what I get instead is nil. If I do string[0], it just gives me the entire string again. Does the .split function not break them up into different elements? If anyone could help, that would be great. Thank you for taking the time to read this.
Your code should be :
def morse_code(str)
string = []
string.push(*str.split(' '))
puts string
p string[2]
end
morse_code("what is the dog" )
# >> what
# >> is
# >> the
# >> dog
# >> "the"
str.split(' ') is giving ["what", "is", "the", "dog"], and you are pushing this array object to the array string. Thus string became [["what", "is", "the", "dog"]]. Thus string is an array of size 1. Thus if you want to access any index like 1, 2 so on.., you will get nil. You can debug it using p(it calls #inspect on the array), BUT NOT puts.
def morse_code(str)
string = []
string.push(str.split(' '))
p string
end
morse_code("what is the dog" )
# >> [["what", "is", "the", "dog"]]
With Array, puts works completely different way than p. I am not good to read MRI code always, thus I take a look at sometime Rubinious code. Look how they defined IO::puts, which is same as MRI. Now look the specs for the code
it "flattens a nested array before writing it" do
#io.should_receive(:write).with("1")
#io.should_receive(:write).with("2")
#io.should_receive(:write).with("3")
#io.should_receive(:write).with("\n").exactly(3).times
#io.puts([1, 2, [3]]).should == nil
end
it "writes nothing for an empty array" do
x = []
#io.should_receive(:write).exactly(0).times
#io.puts(x).should == nil
end
it "writes [...] for a recursive array arg" do
x = []
x << 2 << x
#io.should_receive(:write).with("2")
#io.should_receive(:write).with("[...]")
#io.should_receive(:write).with("\n").exactly(2).times
#io.puts(x).should == nil
end
We can now be sure that, IO::puts or Kernel::puts behaves with array just the way, as Rubinious people implemented it. You can now take a look at the MRI code also. I just found the MRI one, look the below test
def test_puts_recursive_array
a = ["foo"]
a << a
pipe(proc do |w|
w.puts a
w.close
end, proc do |r|
assert_equal("foo\n[...]\n", r.read)
end)
end

How does this function work?

The ordered_vowel_words method and ordered_vowel_word? helper method accept a word and return the word back if the vowels of the word are in the order of (a,e,i,o,u).
I'm having trouble understanding the logic. Particularly how the last block (0...(vowels_arr.length - 1)).all? do... in the helper method works.
Can someone please explain how this works? I don't understand how all? is being called on a range.
def ordered_vowel_words(str)
words = str.split(" ")
ordered_vowel_words = words.select do |word|
ordered_vowel_word?(word)
end
ordered_vowel_words.join(" ")
end
def ordered_vowel_word?(word)
vowels = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]
letters_arr = word.split("")
vowels_arr = letters_arr.select { |l| vowels.include?(l) }
(0...(vowels_arr.length - 1)).all? do |i|
vowels_arr[i] <= vowels_arr[i + 1]
end
end
I've added some comments :)
def ordered_vowel_words(str)
# words is a string with words separated by a whitespace.
# split generates an array of words from a string
words = str.split(" ")
# select only the ordered vowel words from the previous array
ordered_vowel_words = words.select do |word|
ordered_vowel_word?(word)
end
# join the ordered vowel words in a single string
ordered_vowel_words.join(" ")
end
def ordered_vowel_word?(word)
# THESE ARE THE VOWELS YOU FOOL
vowels = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]
# transform the word in an array of characters
letters_arr = word.split("")
# select only the vowels in this array
vowels_arr = letters_arr.select { |l| vowels.include?(l) }
# generate a range from 0 to the length of the vowels array minus 2:
# there is this weird range because we want to iterate from the first vowel
# to the second to last; all? when called on a range returns true if...
(0...(vowels_arr.length - 1)).all? do |i|
# for each number in the range, the current vowel is smaller that the next vowel
vowels_arr[i] <= vowels_arr[i + 1]
end
end
Hope this helped!
EDIT I might add that the last block doesn't feel very Ruby-ish. I may suggest this alternative implementation:
def ordered_vowel_word?(word)
vowels = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]
# transform the word in an array of characters
letters_arr = word.split("")
# select only the vowels in this array
vowels_arr = letters_arr.select { |l| vowels.include?(l) }
# from this array generate each possible consecutive couple of characters
vowels_arr.each_cons(2).all? do |first, second|
first <= second
end
end
require 'rspec/autorun'
describe "#ordered_vowel_word?" do
it "tells if word is ordered" do
expect(ordered_vowel_word?("aero")).to be_true
end
it "or not" do
expect(ordered_vowel_word?("rolling")).to be_false
end
end
The all? block is essentially iterating over the vowels_arr array, comparing each value with it's next one. If all the comparisons return true then all? will also return true, which means the array is ordered. If one of the iterations returned false, the return value of all? would also be false, which would mean that the collection is unordered.
You can call all? on a Rangehttp://www.ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/Range.html object because Range mixes in the Enumerablehttp://www.ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/Enumerable.html module, which is the one that defines all?.
You can verify this by trying the following in irb:
Range.included_modules # => => [Enumerable, Kernel]
The first part (0...(vowels_arr.length - 1)) creates a range from
0 to how many vowels are in the word.
all? iterates over that range and returns true if all for all
elements of the range some condition is true false otherwise.
do |i| introduces a block with i as the variable representing
each element of the range created in step 1.
Finally, the condition is for each index in the range, now represented by i, it checks if vowels_arr[i] <= vowels_arr[i+1] is true.
This is my solution to this problem:
def ordered_vowel_words(str)
vowels_s = str.scan(/[aeiou]/)
vowels_sort = str.scan(/[aeiou]/).sort
vowels_s === vowels_sort ? str : ""
end

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