Due to a security update in my organisation, I can no longer use brew to tap into my organisation's repo to install a package. I can, however, manually download the .jar files that brew was installing.
So previously I did:
brew tap <repo>
brew install <package>
<package> # Run the package from anywhere
And I could run the package from anywhere, just by typing in terminal. Easy peasy.
Normally Brew installs in usr/local/Cellar/<package>/some/internal/structure/<package.exe>. But somewhere along the way it does something with aliases and symlinks and $PATH [which I am confused by] so that I can run the given package from /usr/local/bin, which is in my $PATH, by just typing <package> anywhere in terminal.
I am trying to recreate this behaviour. I was able to manually download the jar files and put them in a folder /usr/local/bin/<package>. And if I run java -jar /usr/local/bin/<package>/<package.exe> then everything runs fine.
How do I get it so that I can run <package> from anywhere in terminal, like with Brew? Also, just to be 100% clear, I want to choose the alias; I want to be able to type "abc" to run the jar files.
/usr/local/bin/ is likely in your PATH variable already. If you want to check, print it to the terminal with echo "$PATH". If it isn't, you can pick one of the other directories in there or add it to. If you want to add that directory to your PATH variable, you want to add this to the relevant dot file (likely ~/.bashrc):
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
PATH is a colon separated list of directories where your system will look for executables.
Now, you can just write a short script to run java for you. For example, if we have a jar file called foo.jar, you could make a short script that runs java with the full path of foo.jar like this:
/usr/local/bin/foo:
#!/bin/bash
java -jar '/path/to/foo.jar' "$#"
sneaky edit: Make sure you give this file executable permissions:
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/foo
Now, on the terminal, if I run foo without a full path, it will run this script.
The "$#" is just going to pass any arguments you sent to this script along into the java program.
This isn't the only option to achieve this. You mentioned aliases as well. You could write an alias to your .bashrc that does the same thing:
alias foo='java -jar "path/to/foo.jar"'
A symlink wouldn't really be the best option here. This would be okay if your jar file was not in the PATH and you wanted it there. BUT, the PATH variable is really only for files that can be executed directly. As you already know, jar files cannot.
in a bash file, There is code like below. searched for shell commands and found no build-related stuff.What is the role of this build in the bash file? This bash file is used to install bazel
build --curses=no
build --curses=no
build --show_task_finish
build could be an alias, function script or binary in your path. This has not nothing to do with bazel. You can execute type build in your shell prompt to see what build refers to.
I tried running shell-basic but nothing happens. Here is what I tried:
To run this example, download and install it with go get:
go get goroutines.com/shell-basic
which finishes silently and I see it downloaded the shell basic script but when i execute shell-basic i get:
$ shell-basic
-bash: shell-basic: command not found
did I do something wrong, or am i missing something?
what i'm interested in is running go as scripts..
go get will fetch the source and put it in your Go path, try echo $GOPATH in the shell. This is what happens if go get finishes silently.
Then you want to go to that source:
cd $GOPATH/src/goroutines.com/shell-basic
aftwards, you must run go install inside the repo. (or you can run go install /path/to/the/code.
The source will then be put in $GOPATH/bin, and be executable.
Of course none of this will work if you don't have you GOPATH set up.
I think you not set GOBIN.
You can follow：
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
Or, try run $GOPATH/bin/shell-basic.Use your gopath replace $GOPATH.
I have few apps cloned from github, but not sure if I do everything right. I recently installed go.
$ go
Go is a tool for managing Go source code.
Usage:
go command [arguments]
The commands are:
build compile packages and dependencies
clean remove object files
doc show documentation for package or symbol
env print Go environment information
fix run go tool fix on packages
fmt run gofmt on package sources
generate generate Go files by processing source
get download and install packages and dependencies
install compile and install packages and dependencies
list list packages
run compile and run Go program
test test packages
tool run specified go tool
version print Go version
vet run go tool vet on packages
Use "go help [command]" for more information about a command.
Additional help topics:
c calling between Go and C
buildmode description of build modes
filetype file types
gopath GOPATH environment variable
environment environment variables
importpath import path syntax
packages description of package lists
testflag description of testing flags
testfunc description of testing functions
Use "go help [topic]" for more information about that topic.
And I have things configured accordingly (exported variables etc..) also added them into ~/.bashrc however I still need to change directory and go to my go/bin folder.. is this what all are doing or there is something I can change. Would be great if you can point me on some sort of docs (not go lang please!).
I am on Mac OS X.
Verify that the binary you are trying to run is in your $GOPATH/bin directory, e.g. it should appear when you run ls $GOPATH/bin
Next, verify that $GOPATH/bin is in your $PATH, e.g. it should appear with echo $PATH. If this $GOPATH/bin is not in your $PATH, add it e.g. export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH (you may want to add this to your .bashrc).
You can run go env to see your $GOPATH and some environment variable
In Mac OS X, open terminal
create a .profile file
touch .profile
edit it
vim .profile
add this to your first line
export GOPATH=$HOME/work/ or whatever directory your Go files are in
save :w and quit :q
restart terminal
change to your new GOPATH/bin directory to confirm
cd $GOPATH/bin
If I had a compiled Golang program that I wanted to install such that I could run it with a bash command from anywhere on my computer, how would I do that? For example, in nodejs
npm install -g express
Installs express such that I can run the command
express myapp
and express will generate a file directory for a node application called "myapp" in whatever my current directory is. Is there an equivalent command for go? I believe now with the "go install" command you have to be in the directory that contains the executable in order to run it
Thanks in advance!
Update: If you're using Go 1.16, this answer still works, but go install has changed and is now the recommended method for installing executable packages. See Karim's answer for an explanation: https://stackoverflow.com/a/68559728/10490740
Using Go >= 1.11, if your current directory is within a module-based project, or you've set GO111MODULE=on in your environment, go get will not install packages "globally". It will add them to your project's go.mod file instead.
As of Go 1.11.1, setting GO111MODULE=off works to circumvent this behavior:
GO111MODULE=off go get github.com/usr/repo
Basically, by disabling the module feature for this single command, it will install to GOPATH as expected.
Projects not using modules can still go get normally to install binaries to $GOPATH/bin.
There's a lengthy conversation and multiple issues logged about this change in behavior branching from here: golang/go - cmd/go: go get should not add a dependency to go.mod #27643.
Starting with Go >= 1.16 the recommended way to install an executable is to use
go install package#version
For example, go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags#latest.
Executables (main packages) are installed to the directory named by the GOBIN environment variable, which defaults to $GOPATH/bin or $HOME/go/bin if the GOPATH environment variable is not set. You need to add this directory to your PATH variable to run executables globally. In my case, I've added this line to my ~/.zshrc file. (if you are using bash, add it to the ~/.bash_profile file):
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
Go team published a blog post about this change, here's the explanation quote:
We used to recommend go get -u program to install an executable, but this use caused too much confusion with the meaning of go get for adding or changing module version requirements in go.mod.
Refer to go install documentation for more details
As far as I know, there is no direct equivalent to npm install -g. The closest equivalent would not be go install, but go get. From the help page (go help get):
usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-fix] [-insecure] [-t] [-u] [build flags] [packages]
Get downloads and installs the packages named by the import paths,
along with their dependencies.
By default, go get installs binaries to $GOPATH/bin, so the easiest way to make those binaries callable from everywhere is to add that directory to your $PATH.
For this, put the following line into your .bashrc (or .zshrc, depending on which shell you're using):
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
Alternatively, you could also copy or link the executables to /usr/local/bin:
ln -s $GOPATH/bin/some-binary /usr/local/bin/some-binary
Short solution for Linux users:
Use the go get command as usual
Add the following lines to .bashrc:
# This is the default GOPATH, you should confirm with the 'go env' command
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Restart terminal or source it. Installed binaries will be available globally.
For Go v1.8+
go install package_name#latest
Caveat: this answer is outdated following the 2020 deprecation of go get. The solution presented here won't work with newer Go runtime installs.
The closest analogue of this in Go would be go get. By default, it will fetch a Go package from a supplied repository URL, and requires a $GOPATH variable to be set in your shell so that Go knows where to store the packages (and subsequently where to find them when compiling code depending on go get-ted packages).
Example syntax:
$ go get github.com/user/repo
The behaviour supplied by npm's -g flag is default, and packages installed using go get are normally available globally.
See go get --help for more information about the command.
As mentioned by #helmbert, adding your $GOPATH to your $PATH is useful if you're installing standalone packages.
if you are using zsh :
first: install your package using :
go install package#version
then , you edit your .zshrc file
nano ~/.zshrc
Add this line to the end of .zshrc file :
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
last but not least :
source ~/.zshrc
then open a new terminal and execute your command :)
TL;DR at the bottom. I'm going to walk you through how I came to this conclusion, and why the more obvious solutions don't work.
Upon seeing this question, I thought "If I could set root's GOPATH=/usr, it would install things in /usr/bin/ and /usr/src!"
So I tried the obvious thing:
Add GOPATH=/usr to root's .bashrc.
And it worked!
Sort of.
Not really.
Turns out, sudo doesn't execute root's .bashrc. For "security" or something like that.
Do env_set or something in /etc/sudoers
Turns out, /etc/sudoers can only remove environment variables. There's no env_set directive.
(As far as I can find)
Dig through man sudoers.
Where does sudo get it's default set of environment variables from?
Well, the first one in the list is /etc/environment, so that's the one I used.
sudo echo "GOPATH=/usr" >> /etc/environment
sudo go get <repo>
Binaries will be put in /usr/bin, and sources will be put in /usr/src.
Running go as non-root will use GOPATH the "normal" way.
If you don't have go installed, you may use the gobinaries. it builds an on-demand binary of the project from github repo.
The command to install the go package would be:
curl -sf https://gobinaries.com/rakyll/hey | sh