I am trying to create an alias to reach our shared server at work. To find the server using manual terminal inputs I type the following separate inputs:
cd ..
cd ..
cd Volumes
cd Production
I want all of this to be one single alias in my .bash_profile
I tried the following which didn't work:
alias work="cd ~ cd .. cd .. cd Volumes cd Production"
Your alias needs to be a valid command. You forgot && between your commands:
alias work="cd ~ && cd .. && cd .. && cd Volumes && cd Production"
Or you could shorten it into one command using relative paths:
alias work="cd ~/../../Volumes/Production"
Related
I have a set of directories, 10 at the moment that are named client-1, client-2,..., client-10 and 1 directory that is named nestjs-wrapper
I want to iterate over the client directories, enter each of them and fire npm install and node index.js in every one.
I could do it by hand, but the number of clients may increment in the future so I would like to automate this process.
So the flow would be something like this:
in the parent directory I would like to fire nvm use to make sure I have the desired node version
then cd into each directory, fire npm install & node index.js
cd back to parent directory
repeat this until packages are installed in every client directory
run docker-compose up in a detached terminal
cd from parent directory into a nestjs-wrapper and start it in watch mode with npm run start:dev
This is the start of the attempt, it installs the packages in the client directories, now I would somehow need to do the rest of the flow:
pattern="/home/dario/my-folder/client"
for _dir in "${pattern}-"[[:digit:]]*; do
[ -d "$_dir" ] || continue;
pushd "$_dir" && npm install;
done
I would like to start docker-compose from the parent directory in a detached terminal.
To do this, I just created a new script named start-docker.sh in which I only have docker-compose up.
And after that open a separate dir in the parent directory (one that is not named client-) and run npm run start:dev in it.
So it would go something like:
pattern="client"
for _dir in "${pattern}-"[[:digit:]]*; do
[ -d "$_dir" ] || continue;
pushd "$_dir" && npm install && node index.js;
popd;
done
gnome-terminal -- ./start-docker.sh;
pushd nestjs_wrapper && npm run start:dev;
This does the trick, I switched back to relative pathnames. First I iterate over all the client directories and install the packages, then after that I bring up docker-compose and start the wrapper in watch mode.
Following the input from the comments, here is the working solution:
pattern="client"
for _dir in "${pattern}-"[[:digit:]]*; do
[ -d "$_dir" ] || continue;
pushd "$_dir" && npm install && node index.js;
popd;
done
gnome-terminal -- ./start-docker.sh;
pushd nestjs_wrapper && npm run start:dev;
I am using the Bash on Ubuntu on Windows, the way to run bash on Windows 10. I have the Creators update installed and the Ubuntu version is 16.04.
I was playing recently with things as npm, node.js and Docker and for docker I found it is possible to install it and run it in windows and just use the client part from bash, calling directly the docker.exe file from Windows's Program Files files folder. I just update my path variable to include the path to docker as PATH=$PATH:~/mnt/e/Program\ Files/Docker/ (put in .bashrc) and then I am able to run docker from bash calling docker.exe.
But hey this bash and I dont want to write .exe at the end of the commands (programs). I can simply add an alias alias docker="docker.exe", but then I want to use lets say docker-compose and I have to add another one. I was thinking about adding a script to .bashrc that would go over path variable and search for .exe files in every path specified in the path variable and add an alias for every occurance, but it does not seem to be a very clean solution (but I guess it would serve its purpose quite well).
Is there a simple and clean solution to achieve this?
I've faced the same problem when trying to use Docker for Windows from WSL.
Had plenty of existing shell scripts that run fine under Linux and mostly under WSL too until failing due to docker: command not found. Changing everywhere docker to docker.exe would be too cumbersome and non-portable.
Tried workaround with aliases in ~/.bashrc as here at first:
shopt -s expand_aliases
alias docker=docker.exe
alias docker-compose=docker-compose.exe
But it requires every script to be run in interactive mode and still doesn't work within backticks without script modification.
Then tried exported bash functions in ~/.bashrc:
docker() { docker.exe "$#"; }
export -f docker
docker-compose() { docker-compose.exe "$#"; }
export -f docker-compose
This works. But it's still too tedious to add every needed exe.
Finally ended up with easier symlinks approach and a modified wslshim custom helper script.
Just add once to ~/.local/bin/wslshim:
#!/bin/bash -x
cd ~/.local/bin && ln -s "`which $1.exe`" "$1" || ln -s "`which $1.ps1`" "$1" || ln -s "`which $1.cmd`" "$1" || ln -s "`which $1.bat`" "$1"
Make it executable: chmod +x ~/.local/bin/wslshim
Then adding any "alias" becomes as easy as typing two words:
$ wslshim docker
+ cd ~/.local/bin
++ which docker.exe
+ ln -s '/mnt/c/Program Files/Docker/Docker/resources/bin/docker.exe' docker
$ wslshim winrm
+ cd ~/.local/bin
++ which winrm.exe
+ ln -s '' winrm
ln: failed to create symbolic link 'winrm' -> '': No such file or directory
++ which winrm.ps1
+ ln -s '' winrm
ln: failed to create symbolic link 'winrm' -> '': No such file or directory
++ which winrm.cmd
+ ln -s /mnt/c/Windows/System32/winrm.cmd winrm
The script auto picks up an absolute path to any windows executable in $PATH and symlinks it without extension into ~/.local/bin which also resides in $PATH on WSL.
This approach can be easily extended further to auto link any exe in a given directory if needed. But linking the whole $PATH would be an overkill. )
You should be able to simply set the executable directory to your PATH. Use export to persist.
Command:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/directory/executable/is/located/in
In my windows 10 the solution was to install git-bash and docker for windows.
in this bash, when I press "docker" it works
for example "docker ps"
I didnt need to make an alias or change the path.
you can download git-bash from https://git-scm.com/download/win
then from Start button, search "git bash".
Hope this solution good for you
i am trying to install go from source
i follow this steps
git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
cd go
git checkout go1.6.1
cd src
./all.bash
now it gives me the error saying
##### Building Go bootstrap tool.
cmd/dist
ERROR: Cannot find /root/go1.4/bin/go.
Set $GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP to a working Go tree >= Go 1.4.
any idea how can i fix this do i just need to set env variable or any other installation is needed ?
You need to have an installed Go version 1.4 or newer to build the recent Go releases. The build script defaults to some path but if it's not there you need to set GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP environment variable to point to a previous working Go installation.
Go is written in Go (starting from version 1.5) so you have to install Go1.4 first. Just get Go Version Manager and run:
$ gvm install go1.4
$ gvm use go1.4
$ export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT
Another approach is about to install gcc go frontend:
$ sudo apt-get install gccgo-5
$ sudo update-alternatives --set go /usr/bin/go-5
$ export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=/usr
If you are not using gvm and are on Linux, your go binary is mostly installed at /usr/local/go/bin/go. You need to set /usr/local/go as your GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP by:
$ export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=/usr/local/go
The following won't work if you haven't previously built from source (the version parsing will fail). Unfortunately it also won't work for windows (unless you're in wsl/cygwin/msys et cetera).
If you have the source for an older version you may want to use the following zsh/bash(?) function
# create a backup of a directory by recursively copying its contents into an empty one with a similar name
bckp () {
old=$1
if [[ -z $1 ]]; then
old="../$(basename "$(pwd)")"
fi
new="$old-bckp"
[[ -d $new ]] && echo "already exists" && return 1
cp -rf "$old/" "$new"
}
then do one, or some combination, of the following
if you have unstashed changes you want to commit:
cd $(go env GOROOT) # visit the root directory of your current go installation
bckp # back it up
git stash # keep any changes you've made but do not want to commit in a safe place
git pull # collect remote commits
git stash pop # restore your changes
cd src # go to the golang source files and installation scripts
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$(go env GOROOT)-bckp # make the environment variable accessible from other shells
chmod +x ./all.bash # set the permissions of the installation/build script so that it can be executed
./all.bash # execute the installation/build script
cd ../bin && sudo ln -f $PWD/go /usr/bin/go # create a globablly accessible link to the new binary, feels like it should be unnecessary but I couldn't use the new binary until I did this
or, if you've already pulled the commits you wish to include and popped your changes:
cd $(go env GOROOT) # visit the root directory of your current go installation
bckp # back it up
cd ../go-bckp # enter the backup directory
git stash # keep any changes you've made but do not want to commit in a safe place
git checkout $(go version | cut -d- -f2 | cut -d" " -f1) # parse version info and restore the old codebase
git stash pop # restore your changes
cd ../go/src # go to the golang source files and installation scripts
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$(go env GOROOT)-bckp # make the environment variable accessible from other shells
chmod +x ./all.bash # set the permissions of the installation/build script so that it can be executed
./all.bash # execute the installation/build script
cd ../bin && sudo ln -f $PWD/go /usr/bin/go # create a globablly accessible link to the new binary, feels like it should be unnecessary but I couldn't use the new binary until I did this
or if you haven't made any changes:
cd $(go env GOROOT) # visit the root directory of your current go installation
bckp # back it up
cd src # go to the golang source files and installation scripts
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$(go env GOROOT)-bckp # make the environment variable accessible from other shells
chmod +x ./all.bash # set the permissions of the installation/build script so that it can be executed
./all.bash # execute the installation/build script
cd ../bin && sudo ln -f $PWD/go /usr/bin/go # create a globablly accessible link to the new binary, feels like it should be unnecessary but I couldn't use the new binary until I did this.
I am trying to create a script which would create symlinks from a folder 1 level up and i am using as follows:
symlinks.sh
ln -s '../config/environments' > 'environments'
ln -s '../config/init' > 'init'
environments is a folder and init is a file.
and when i go to the folder where symlinks.sh is and execute ./symlinks.sh, its creating 4 files which are:
environments
environments?
init
init?
I also tried:
ln -s '../config/environments' .
ln -s '../config/init' .
but with this one, init is created in the current folder and environments goes to folder ../config/environments/environments
Can someone help me please?
It's because you are redirecting the output ">". You don't need to do that with ln, it will automatically create a symlink in the current directory if you use:
ln -s "../config/environments"
ln -s "../config/init"
I have a shell script which I want to run without using the "sh" or "bash" commands. For example:
Instead of: sh script.sh
I want to use: script.sh
How can I do this?
P.S. (i) I don't use shell script much and I tried reading about aliases, but I did not understand how to use them.
(ii) I also read about linking the script with another file in the PATH variables. I am using my university server and I don't have permissions to create a file in those locations.
Add a "shebang" at the top of your file:
#!/bin/bash
And make your file executable (chmod +x script.sh).
Finally, modify your path to add the directory where your script is located:
export PATH=$PATH:/appropriate/directory
(typically, you want $HOME/bin for storing your own scripts)
These are the prerequisites of directly using the script name:
Add the shebang line (#!/bin/bash) at the very top.
Use chmod u+x scriptname to make the script executable (where scriptname is the name of your script).
Place the script under /usr/local/bin folder.
Note: I suggest placing it under /usr/local/bin because most likely that path will be already added to your PATH variable.
Run the script using just its name, scriptname.
If you don't have access to /usr/local/bin then do the following:
Create a folder in your home directory and call it bin.
Do ls -lA on your home directory, to identify the start-up script your shell is using. It should be either .profile or .bashrc.
Once you have identified the start up script, add the following line:
PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"
Once added, source your start-up script or log out and log back in.
To source, put . followed by a space and then your start-up script name, e.g. . .profile or . .bashrc
Run the script using just its name, scriptname.
Just make sure it is executable, using chmod +x. By default, the current directory is not on your PATH, so you will need to execute it as ./script.sh - or otherwise reference it by a qualified path. Alternatively, if you truly need just script.sh, you would need to add it to your PATH. (You may not have access to modify the system path, but you can almost certainly modify the PATH of your own current environment.) This also assumes that your script starts with something like #!/bin/sh.
You could also still use an alias, which is not really related to shell scripting but just the shell, and is simple as:
alias script.sh='sh script.sh'
Which would allow you to use just simply script.sh (literally - this won't work for any other *.sh file) instead of sh script.sh.
In this example the file will be called myShell
First of all we will need to make this file we can just start off by typing the following:
sudo nano myShell
Notice we didn't put the .sh extension?
That's because when we run it from the terminal we will only need to type myShell in order to run our command!
Now, in nano the top line MUST be #!/bin/bash then you may leave a new line before continuing.
For demonstration I will add a basic Hello World! response
So, I type the following:
echo Hello World!
After that my example should look like this:
#!/bin/bash
echo Hello World!
Now save the file and then run this command:
chmod +x myShell
Now we have made the file executable we can move it to /usr/bin/ by using the following command:
sudo cp myShell /usr/bin/
Congrats! Our command is now done! In the terminal we can type myShell and it should say Hello World!
You have to enable the executable bit for the program.
chmod +x script.sh
Then you can use ./script.sh
You can add the folder to the PATH in your .bashrc file (located in your home directory).
Add this line to the end of the file:
export PATH=$PATH:/your/folder/here
You can type sudo install (name of script) /usr/local/bin/(what you want to type to execute said script)
ex: sudo install quickcommit.sh /usr/local/bin/quickcommit
enter password
now can run without .sh and in any directory
Add . (current directory) to your PATH variable.
You can do this by editing your .profile file.
put following line in your .profile file
PATH=$PATH:.
Just make sure to add Shebang (#!/bin/bash) line at the starting of your script and make the script executable(using chmod +x <File Name>).
Here is my backup script that will give you the idea and the automation:
Server: Ubuntu 16.04
PHP: 7.0
Apache2, Mysql etc...
# Make Shell Backup Script - Bash Backup Script
nano /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Backup All Start
mkdir /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_rest.zip /etc -x "*apache2*" -x "*php*" -x "*mysql*"
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_apache2.zip /etc/apache2
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_php.zip /etc/php
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/etc_mysql.zip /etc/mysql
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/var_www_rest.zip /var/www -x "*html*"
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/var_www_html.zip /var/www/html
sudo zip -ry /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/home_user.zip /home/user -x "*backup*"
# Backup All End
echo "Backup Completed Successfully!"
echo "Location: /home/user/backup/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")"
chmod +x /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh
sudo ln -s /home/user/bash/backupscript.sh /usr/bin/backupscript
change /home/user to your user directory and type: backupscript anywhere on terminal to run the script! (assuming that /usr/bin is in your path)
Enter "#!/bin/sh" before script.
Then save it as script.sh for example.
copy it to $HOME/bin or $HOME/usr/bin
The directory can be different on different linux distros but they end with 'bin' and are in home directory
cd $HOME/bin or $HOME/usr/bin
Type chmod 700 script.sh
And you can run it just by typing run.sh on terminal.
If it not work, try chmod +x run.sh instead of chmod 700 run.sh
Make any file as executable
Let's say you have an executable file called migrate_linux_amd64 and you want to run this file as a command like "migrate"
First test the executable file from the file location:
[oracle#localhost]$ ./migrate.linux-amd64
Usage: migrate OPTIONS COMMAND [arg...]
migrate [ -version | -help ]
Options:
-source Location of the migrations (driver://url)
-path Shorthand for -source=file://path
-database Run migrations against this database (driver://url)
-prefetch N Number of migrations to load in advance before executing (default 10)
-lock-timeout N Allow N seconds to acquire database lock (default 15)
-verbose Print verbose logging
-version Print version
-help Print usage
Commands:
goto V Migrate to version V
up [N] Apply all or N up migrations
down [N] Apply all or N down migrations
drop Drop everyting inside database
force V Set version V but don't run migration (ignores dirty state)
version Print current migration version
Make sure you have execute privileges on the file
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 7473971 May 18 2017 migrate.linux-amd64
if not, run chmod +x migrate.linux-amd64
Then copy your file to /usr/local/bin. This directory is owned by root, use sudo or switch to root and perform the following operation
sudo cp migrate.linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin
sudo chown oracle:oracle /user/local/bin/migrate.linux.amd64
Then create a symbolic link like below
sudo ln /usr/local/bin/migrate.linux.amd64 /usr/local/bin/migrate
sudo chown oracle:oracle /usr/local/bin/migrate
Finally add /usr/local/bin to your path or user profile
export PATH = $PATH:/usr/local/bin
Then run the command as "migrate"
[oracle#localhost]$ migrate
Usage: migrate OPTIONS COMMAND [arg...]
migrate [ -version | -help ]
Options:
-source Location of the migrations (driver://url)
-path Shorthand for -source=file://path
-database Run migrations against this database (driver://url)
-prefetch N Number of migrations to load in advance before executing (default 10)
-lock-timeout N Allow N seconds to acquire database lock (default 15)
-verbose Print verbose logging
-version Print version
-help Print usage
Commands:
goto V Migrate to version V
up [N] Apply all or N up migrations
down [N] Apply all or N down migrations
drop Drop everyting inside database
force V Set version V but don't run migration (ignores dirty state)
version Print current migration version
Make the script file as executable by using file's properties
Create alias for the executable in ~/.bashrc. alias <alias namme> = <full script file path>'
refresh the user session to apply it. source ~/.bashrc
Just to add to what everyone suggested. Even with those solutions, the problem will persist if the user wants to execute the script as sudo
example:
chmod a+x /tmp/myscript.sh
sudo ln -s /tmp/myscript.sh /usr/local/bin/myscript
typing myscript would work but typing sudo myscript would return command not found.
As sudo you would have to still type sudo sh myscript or sudo bash myscript.
I can't think of a solution around this.
Just:
/path/to/file/my_script.sh