Constructing multiple objects in shared memory is possible as shown in this example:
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
using namespace boost::interprocess;
void construct_objects(managed_shared_memory &managed_shm)
{
managed_shm.construct<int>("Integer")(99);
managed_shm.construct<float>("Float")(3.14);
}
int main()
{
shared_memory_object::remove("Boost");
managed_shared_memory managed_shm{open_or_create, "Boost", 1024};
auto atomic_construct = std::bind(construct_objects,
std::ref(managed_shm));
managed_shm.atomic_func(atomic_construct);
std::cout << *managed_shm.find<int>("Integer").first << '\n';
std::cout << *managed_shm.find<float>("Float").first << '\n';
}
But when I try to create two vectors or a vector and a list, I run into problems with the memory allocation. Is there a way to create multiple containers in a single shared memory in Boost?
I had a look at managed_memory_impl.hpp, but it wasn't of much help either.
This is my code (you have to link it with lib pthread and librt):
#include <boost/interprocess/mapped_region.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/sync/interprocess_semaphore.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/vector.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/list.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <cstdlib> //std::system
#include <cstddef>
#include <cassert>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<int, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemAllocator; //Define an STL compatible allocator of ints that allocates from the managed_shared_memory. This allocator will allow placing containers in the segment
typedef boost::interprocess::vector<int, ShmemAllocator> MyVector; //Alias a vector that uses the previous STL-like allocator so that allocates its values from the segment
typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<int, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemListAllocator;
typedef boost::interprocess::list<int, ShmemListAllocator> MyList;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
//Construct managed shared memory
boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory segment(boost::interprocess::create_only, "MySharedMemory", 65536);
//const ShmemAllocator alloc_inst(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyVector *instance = segment.construct<MyVector>("MyType instance")(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyVector *instance2 = segment.construct<MyVector>("MyType instance")(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyList *instance3 = segment.construct<MyList>("MyList instance")(segment.get_segment_manager());
return 0;
}//main
You should either use unique names, or you can use the indexed ("array") style of construction.
See the documentation for the Object construction function family:
//!Allocates and constructs an array of objects of type MyType (throwing version)
//!Each object receives the same parameters (par1, par2, ...)
MyType *ptr = managed_memory_segment.construct<MyType>("Name")[count](par1, par2...);
and
//!Tries to find a previously created object. If not present, allocates and
//!constructs an array of objects of type MyType (throwing version). Each object
//!receives the same parameters (par1, par2, ...)
MyType *ptr = managed_memory_segment.find_or_construct<MyType>("Name")[count](par1, par2...);
and
//!Allocates and constructs an array of objects of type MyType (throwing version)
//!Each object receives parameters returned with the expression (*it1++, *it2++,... )
MyType *ptr = managed_memory_segment.construct_it<MyType>("Name")[count](it1, it2...);
and possibly some more. Look for [count].
(I recommend using unique names for simplicity)
Update
To the comments, here's what I meant with "unique name". I've tested it, and itworks fine:
Live1 On Coliru
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/vector.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/list.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <cassert>
typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<int, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager>
ShmemAllocator; // Define an STL compatible allocator of ints that allocates from the managed_shared_memory. This allocator
// will allow placing containers in the segment
typedef boost::interprocess::vector<int, ShmemAllocator> MyVector; // Alias a vector that uses the previous STL-like allocator so
// that allocates its values from the segment
typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<int, boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemListAllocator;
typedef boost::interprocess::list<int, ShmemListAllocator> MyList;
int main()
{
// Construct managed shared memory
std::remove("/dev/shm/MySharedMemory");
boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory segment(boost::interprocess::create_only, "MySharedMemory", 65536);
// const ShmemAllocator alloc_inst(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyVector *instance = segment.construct<MyVector>("MyType instance 1")(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyVector *instance2 = segment.construct<MyVector>("MyType instance 2")(segment.get_segment_manager());
MyList *instance3 = segment.construct<MyList> ("MyList instance")(segment.get_segment_manager());
assert(instance);
assert(instance2);
assert(instance3);
assert(!std::equal_to<void*>()(instance, instance2));
assert(!std::equal_to<void*>()(instance, instance3));
assert(!std::equal_to<void*>()(instance2, instance3));
}
1 Of course, SHM is not supported on Coliru. However, identical sample using mapped file: Live On Coliru
Related
I am trying to add an std::pair to a shared memory queue. This doesn't compile.
What is the correct way to add an std::pair to a shared memory queue?
#include <boost/lockfree/spsc_queue.hpp> // ring buffer
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/allocators/allocator.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/containers/string.hpp>
namespace bip = boost::interprocess;
namespace shm
{
typedef bip::allocator<char, bip::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> char_alloc;
typedef bip::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, char_alloc > shared_string;
typedef boost::lockfree::spsc_queue<
shared_string,
boost::lockfree::capacity<200>
> ring_buffer;
}
#include <unistd.h>
// Ringbuffer fully constructed in shared memory. The element std::pair are
// also allocated from the same shared memory segment.
shm::ring_buffer *queue;
int main()
{
// create segment and corresponding allocator
bip::managed_shared_memory segment(bip::open_or_create, "MySharedMemory", 65536);
typedef std::pair<float, float> ValueType;
typedef bip::allocator<ValueType, bip::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager>
ShmemAllocator;
//Initialize the shared memory STL-compatible allocator
ShmemAllocator pair_alloc (segment.get_segment_manager());
queue = segment.find_or_construct<shm::ring_buffer>("queue")();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
//Do I really need a pointer to shared memory?
ValueType *reading = segment.construct<ValueType>
("Sensor Pacific") //name of the object
(57.3, 57.8); //ctor first argument
queue->push(reading); // THIS_FAILS_TO_COMPILE
}
}
I have also tried
ValueType t = std::make_pair<float, float>(57.3, 57.8);
queue->push(ShmemAllocator(t, pair_alloc));
If I change the type of queue it also doesn't work:
shm::ring_buffer<ValueType> *queue;
I know I need to modify this section of code below so that the queue is of type shared_std_pair and not shared_string, but not sure how to do it. The part that gets me is the typedef bip::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, char_alloc > shared_string
I need an shared_std_pair
namespace shm
{
typedef bip::allocator<char, bip::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> char_alloc;
typedef bip::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, char_alloc > shared_string;
typedef boost::lockfree::spsc_queue<
shared_string,
boost::lockfree::capacity<200>
> ring_buffer;
}
It feels like I have to use something like std::uses_allocator<std::tuple> but I don't see one for std::pair.
Is there a way to test statically the type of an iterator and have a template which depends on it execute different but code depending on the type(since algorithm choice changes)?
You can use std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category to get the category of the iterator. Example:
#include <vector>
#include <type_traits>
int main()
{
std::vector<int> v;
static_assert(std::is_same_v<
std::iterator_traits<decltype(v.begin())>::iterator_category,
std::random_access_iterator_tag>);
}
You can then overload on the tag types to provide static dispatch:
void foo(std::random_access_iterator_tag); // (0)
void foo(std::bidirectional_iterator_tag); // (1)
int main()
{
std::vector<int> v;
std::list<int> v;
foo(std::iterator_traits<decltype(v.begin())>::iterator_category{}); // calls 0
foo(std::iterator_traits<decltype(l.begin())>::iterator_category{}); // calls 1
}
I am trying to access super block object which is defined in linux/fs.h.
But how to initialize the object so that we can access it's properties.
I found that alloc_super() is used to initialize super but how is it called?
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
int main(){
printf("hello there");
struct super_block *sb;
return 0;
}
The answer is very much file system dependent, since different file systems will have different super block layouts and infact different arrangements of blocks.
For instance, ext2 file systems superblock is in a known location on disk (byte 1024), and has a known size (sizeof(struct superblock) bytes).
So a typical implementation (This is not a working code but with minor modification can be made to work ) of what you want would be:
struct superblock *read_superblock(int fd) {
struct superblock *sb = malloc(sizeof(struct superblock));
assert(sb != NULL);
lseek(fd, (off_t) 1024, SEEK_SET));
read(fd, (void *) sb, sizeof(struct superblock));
return sb;
}
Now, you can alloc superblock using linux/headers, or write your own struct that exactly matches with the ext2/ext3/etc/etc file systems superblock.
Then you must know where to find the superblock (the lseek() comes here).
Also you need to pass the disk file name file_descriptor to the function.
So do a
int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
struct superblock * sb = read_superblock(fd);
I'm trying to pass variable number of ofstreams over to a function that accepts an initializer_list but doesn't seem to work and throws all possible errors from the initializer_list structure and about how my function is with an array of ofstreams cannot be matched to any defined function.
Is it actually possible to pass a reference of ofstreams over in an initializer_list?
test.cpp
#include "extension.h"
ofstream outputFile, outputFile2;
int main(void) {
outputFile.open(("data_1.txt");
outputFile2.open("data_2.txt");
writeSomething({outputFile, outputFile2});
outputFile.close();
outputFile2.close();
}
extension.h
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <initializer_list>
using namespace std;
void writeSomething(initializer_list<ofstream&> args);
extension.cpp
#include "extension.h"
void writeSomething(initializer_list<ofstream&> args) {
for (auto f : args ) {
f << "hello" << endl;
}
}
clang 3.4 (trunk 194324) produces a pretty clear error message:
initializer_list:54:23: error: 'iterator' declared as a pointer to a
reference of type
'std::basic_ofstream<char> &'
typedef const _E* iterator;
So no, it is not possible. See also Error: forming pointer to reference type 'const std::pair&'… I can't understand this error.
(gcc 4.7.2 and 4.8.1 crashes on this code due to some internal compiler error. I have submitted a bugreport.)
What you could do instead is to pass a pointer instead of a reference, something like this:
#include <fstream>
#include <initializer_list>
using namespace std;
void writeSomething(initializer_list<ofstream*> args) {
for (auto f : args )
*f << "hello" << endl;
}
int main() {
ofstream outputFile("data_1.txt");
ofstream outputFile2("data_2.txt");
writeSomething({&outputFile, &outputFile2});
}
However, I would much rather use a std::vector instead. Using an initializer list for this purpose is very strange and confusing for me.
I am trying to modify the source IP of all packets outcoming from the machine to something I specify in this Kernel Module, but everytime I try to access nh.iph->saddr I get an error in compile time that says Struct sk_buff has no member named nh
What am I doing wrong here?
Have I missed some header or something??
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/netfilter.h>
#include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/ip.h> /* For IP header */
#include <linux/inet.h> /* For in_aton(); htonl(); and other related Network utility functions */
static struct nf_hook_ops nfho;
unsigned int hook_func(unsigned int hooknum,
struct sk_buff **skb,
const struct net_device *in,
const struct net_device *out,
int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *))
{
struct sk_buff *sb = *skb;
struct in_addr masterIP;
masterIP.s_addr = htonl (in_aton("192.168.1.10"));
sb->nh.iph->saddr = masterIP.s_addr;
return NF_ACCEPT;
}
Note that I am running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 64 bits
Kernel 2.6.32-33
In your kernel version the struct sk_buff has changed. It no longer has those members. To access the ip header you should try:
#include <linux/ip.h>
struct iphdr* iph = ip_hdr(skb);
Then just use the iph variable to change the addresses, something like:
iph->saddr = ....
iph->daddr = ....
Also, don't forget that you might need to recalculate ip and possible transport packets checksums.
You can find the definition of struck sk_buff in 'include/linux/skbuff.h'.
It does not have an nh field, which explains the compilation errors you're seeing. It does have a 'network_header' field, which is probably what you're looking for.