Compiling gstreamer with new glib version - compilation

I have CentOS 6.7 installed. I need to compile GStreamer 1.4.5 (or any 1.x) because CentOS distribution has GStreamer 0.10. GStreamer 1.x requires GLib2 >= 2.32 or so, but CentOS has 2.28.8. Therefore I compiled GLib 2.44.1 using specific location /usr/mylibs (as --prefix param).
ll /usr/mylibs/lib
total 26008
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Sep 3 16:48 gio
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Sep 3 16:48 glib-2.0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Sep 3 15:44 libffi-3.2.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1132 Sep 3 16:48 libgio-2.0.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Sep 3 16:48 libgio-2.0.so -> libgio-2.0.so.0.4400.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Sep 3 16:48 libgio-2.0.so.0 -> libgio-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6208700 Sep 3 16:48 libgio-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1005 Sep 3 16:48 libglib-2.0.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Sep 3 16:48 libglib-2.0.so -> libglib-2.0.so.0.4400.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Sep 3 16:48 libglib-2.0.so.0 -> libglib-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3172134 Sep 3 16:48 libglib-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1059 Sep 3 16:48 libgmodule-2.0.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgmodule-2.0.so -> libgmodule-2.0.so.0.4400.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgmodule-2.0.so.0 -> libgmodule-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39251 Sep 3 16:48 libgmodule-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1060 Sep 3 16:48 libgobject-2.0.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgobject-2.0.so -> libgobject-2.0.so.0.4400.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgobject-2.0.so.0 -> libgobject-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1188762 Sep 3 16:48 libgobject-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1054 Sep 3 16:48 libgthread-2.0.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgthread-2.0.so -> libgthread-2.0.so.0.4400.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Sep 3 16:48 libgthread-2.0.so.0 -> libgthread-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9001 Sep 3 16:48 libgthread-2.0.so.0.4400.1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 921042 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre16.a
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 931 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre16.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre16.so -> libpcre16.so.0.2.5
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre16.so.0 -> libpcre16.so.0.2.5
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 618161 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre16.so.0.2.5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 893956 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre32.a
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 931 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre32.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre32.so -> libpcre32.so.0.0.5
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre32.so.0 -> libpcre32.so.0.0.5
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 593479 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre32.so.0.0.5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 975726 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre.a
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46462 Sep 3 16:15 libpcrecpp.a
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 965 Sep 3 16:15 libpcrecpp.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Sep 3 16:15 libpcrecpp.so -> libpcrecpp.so.0.0.1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Sep 3 16:15 libpcrecpp.so.0 -> libpcrecpp.so.0.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43351 Sep 3 16:15 libpcrecpp.so.0.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 917 Sep 3 16:15 libpcre.la
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21720 Sep 3 16:15 libpcreposix.a
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 979 Sep 3 16:15 libpcreposix.la
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Sep 3 16:15 libpcreposix.so -> libpcreposix.so.0.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Sep 3 16:15 libpcreposix.so.0 -> libpcreposix.so.0.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18917 Sep 3 16:15 libpcreposix.so.0.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Sep 3 16:43 libpcre.so -> /lib/libpcre.so.1.2.5
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 693207 Sep 3 16:47 libpcre.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 693207 Sep 3 16:47 libpcre.so.1.2.5
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10381922 Sep 3 16:00 libpython2.7.a
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 16:48 pkgconfig
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root 20480 Sep 3 16:03 python2.7
Now I'm trying to compile GStreamer 1.4.5:
export GLIB_CFLAGS="-I/usr/mylibs/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/mylibs/lib/glib-2.0/include" && export GLIB_LIBS="-L/usr/mylibs -L/usr/mylibs/lib/glib-2.0" && export GIO_CFLAGS="-I/usr/mylibs/include -I/usr/mylibs/include/gio-unix-2.0" && export GIO_LIBS="-L/usr/mylibs -L/usr/mylibs/lib/gio" && export PYTHON=/usr/mylibs/bin/python
./configure --prefix=/usr/mylib
or
./configure
make
And it works until this error:
Making all in helpers
make[4]: Entering directory `/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs/gst/helpers'
CC gst_plugin_scanner-gst-plugin-scanner.o
CCLD gst-plugin-scanner
gst_plugin_scanner-gst-plugin-scanner.o: In function `main':
/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs/gst/helpers/gst-plugin-scanner.c:45: undefined reference to `g_malloc'
/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs/gst/helpers/gst-plugin-scanner.c:55: undefined reference to `g_free'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_param_spec_object'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_utf8_validate'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_date_get_month'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_value_get_float'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_checksum_update'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_memdup'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_type_interface_peek'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_value_set_int64'
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_thread_pool_new'
...
../../../gst/.libs/libgstreamer-1.0.so: undefined reference to `g_param_spec_ref'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[4]: *** [gst-plugin-scanner] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs/gst/helpers'
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs/gst'
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5/libs'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/gstreamer/gstreamer-1.4.5'
make: *** [all] Error 2
What have I missed? Please help.


I encountered the same problem on my CentOS 6.3 VM. I was attempting to build GStreamer 1.4.5 against glib 2.32.4. As shown in this message thread it would appear that the incorrect libraries are being linked when you attempt to build (not the 2.0 ones!) Rather than explicitly defining the directory paths in GLIB_CFLAGS you could use PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
Locate the pkgconfig directory and ensure packages you have installed reside in there (like glib-2.0, gobject-2.0, gthread-2.0, etc.) (On my computer my path was: /usr/local/lib/pkconfig/.) I noticed in your directory listing that you have provided you do indeed have pkgconfig.
First, export the variable, then configure, and finally make:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/mylibs/lib/pkgconfig/
./configure
make
GStreamer should now build correctly.


You seem to be misunderstanding how the *_LIBS environment variable works. It should contain the flags needed to link to glib; something like "-L/usr/mylibs/lib -lglib-2.0" should work.
The -L… flag gives the linker an additional place to look for shared libraries (i.e., libglib-2.0.so), but in your flags you've given it one directory above what it needs (/usr/mylibs) and a subdirectory (/usr/mylibs/lib/glib-2.0). The -l… flag tells it what specific library to look for, but you completely omitted it.

Related

Linux command du returns different size when the same content is, either an image mount to the file system, or under a directory of it

I have a qcow2 image which I have converted to raw format, and then mount to my file system:
# qemu-img convert -O raw initial-image.qcow2 raw-image.img
# kpartx -av raw-image.img
add map loop0p1 (253:1): 0 41940992 linear /dev/loop0 2048
# mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 ~/myImage
# ls ~/myImage
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
The size of ~/myImage mountpoint is checked with du command as follows:
# du -hx --max-depth=1 ~/myImage/
0 /root/myImage/dev
0 /root/myImage/proc
0 /root/myImage/run
0 /root/myImage/sys
36M /root/myImage/etc
40K /root/myImage/root
53M /root/myImage/var
12K /root/myImage/tmp
834M /root/myImage/usr
89M /root/myImage/boot
0 /root/myImage/home
0 /root/myImage/media
0 /root/myImage/mnt
0 /root/myImage/opt
0 /root/myImage/srv
1012M /root/myImage/
At this point I copied the contents of ~/myImage and pasted them inside ~/myImage-copy directory. Then I checked the size of the newly created directory. I expected the exact same size for each directory between ~/myImage and ~/myImage-copy, but it's not:
# cp -R myImage/ ~/myImage-copy
# du -hx --max-depth=1 ~/myImage-copy/
0 /root/myImage-copy/dev
0 /root/myImage-copy/proc
0 /root/myImage-copy/run
0 /root/myImage-copy/sys
36M /root/myImage-copy/etc
40K /root/myImage-copy/root
63M /root/myImage-copy/var
12K /root/myImage-copy/tmp
862M /root/myImage-copy/usr
89M /root/myImage-copy/boot
0 /root/myImage-copy/home
0 /root/myImage-copy/media
0 /root/myImage-copy/mnt
0 /root/myImage-copy/opt
0 /root/myImage-copy/srv
1.1G /root/myImage-copy/
From the paths above with different size, I chose /usr and I followed a branch of it until I conclude to an innermost directory which has different size, in order to inspect its files. Below is shown the size difference of an innermost directory:
# du -hx --max-depth=1 ~/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
112K /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
# du -hx --max-depth=1 ~/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
164K /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
However, by inspecting their file content, I can't see any difference related to their size. I don't know if the second column plays a role:
# ls -lah ~/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
total 200K
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 280 Feb 3 11:17 .
drwxr-xr-x. 26 root root 20K Feb 3 11:17 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14K Aug 13 2020 decoder.py
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 12K Aug 13 2020 decoder.pyc
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 12K Aug 13 2020 decoder.pyo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17K Aug 13 2020 encoder.py
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 14K Aug 13 2020 encoder.pyc
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 14K Aug 13 2020 encoder.pyo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15K Aug 13 2020 __init__.py
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 14K Aug 13 2020 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 14K Aug 13 2020 __init__.pyo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.3K Aug 13 2020 scanner.py
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 2.2K Aug 13 2020 scanner.pyc
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 2.2K Aug 13 2020 scanner.pyo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 997 Aug 13 2020 tool.py
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 1.3K Aug 13 2020 tool.pyc
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 1.3K Aug 13 2020 tool.pyo
# ls -lah ~/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/
total 200K
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 280 Mar 4 17:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 20K Mar 4 17:55 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Mar 4 17:55 decoder.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12K Mar 4 17:55 decoder.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12K Mar 4 17:55 decoder.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17K Mar 4 17:55 encoder.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Mar 4 17:55 encoder.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Mar 4 17:55 encoder.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15K Mar 4 17:55 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Mar 4 17:55 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14K Mar 4 17:55 __init__.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.3K Mar 4 17:55 scanner.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Mar 4 17:55 scanner.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Mar 4 17:55 scanner.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 997 Mar 4 17:55 tool.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.3K Mar 4 17:55 tool.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.3K Mar 4 17:55 tool.pyo
In addition, I checked the md5 hash of the files above as a view of their content. It seems there is no content differences between the same files:
# md5sum ~/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/*
598c681c82c582ca3f17950b4d5413c1 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.py
939055a9fdfbbe6ab4d4babeb3ae63f5 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.pyc
939055a9fdfbbe6ab4d4babeb3ae63f5 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.pyo
007a9954ca6641b29564a0f0cb55096b /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.py
366d44efbfce1e5b4a3397b15f202765 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.pyc
366d44efbfce1e5b4a3397b15f202765 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.pyo
dd5db0c7fb7c531be4e14feebbdb52e8 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.py
791c8dca2a86ce50ead04e918a17b508 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.pyc
791c8dca2a86ce50ead04e918a17b508 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.pyo
8d6660f10863f99ffdd9a95eeddd7b64 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.py
59865f486b742aea959693c04cfce057 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.pyc
59865f486b742aea959693c04cfce057 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.pyo
ad879e2ba247d3d4a5cc71fe22db91d0 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.py
af6b5531a8bc6977bca14e8d34ba8f68 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.pyc
af6b5531a8bc6977bca14e8d34ba8f68 /root/myImage/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.pyo
# md5sum ~/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/*
598c681c82c582ca3f17950b4d5413c1 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.py
939055a9fdfbbe6ab4d4babeb3ae63f5 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.pyc
939055a9fdfbbe6ab4d4babeb3ae63f5 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/decoder.pyo
007a9954ca6641b29564a0f0cb55096b /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.py
366d44efbfce1e5b4a3397b15f202765 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.pyc
366d44efbfce1e5b4a3397b15f202765 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/encoder.pyo
dd5db0c7fb7c531be4e14feebbdb52e8 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.py
791c8dca2a86ce50ead04e918a17b508 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.pyc
791c8dca2a86ce50ead04e918a17b508 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/__init__.pyo
8d6660f10863f99ffdd9a95eeddd7b64 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.py
59865f486b742aea959693c04cfce057 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.pyc
59865f486b742aea959693c04cfce057 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/scanner.pyo
ad879e2ba247d3d4a5cc71fe22db91d0 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.py
af6b5531a8bc6977bca14e8d34ba8f68 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.pyc
af6b5531a8bc6977bca14e8d34ba8f68 /root/myImage-copy/usr/lib64/python2.7/json/tool.pyo
So, what is the reason behind the size difference of the same content in du output?
My operating system is CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009.

libprotoc.so.22 file not found but the installation of protobuf-all-3.10.0 installed libprotoc.so.21

In Ubuntu 18.04.02 Server Edition I downloaded from here Protobuf-Releases the protobuf-all-3.10.0.zip and, following the indications here ProtocolBuffersReadme I installed in /usr/local/lib/ the libraries:
(base) marco#pc:/usr/local/lib$ ls -lah | grep "libproto*"
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14M Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf-lite.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1011 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf-lite.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf-lite.so -> libprotobuf-lite.so.21.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf-lite.so.21 -> libprotobuf-lite.so.21.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5.3M Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf-lite.so.21.0.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88M Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 976 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf.so -> libprotobuf.so.21.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf.so.21 -> libprotobuf.so.21.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 34M Oct 25 11:27 libprotobuf.so.21.0.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136M Oct 25 11:27 libprotoc.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 992 Oct 25 11:27 libprotoc.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Oct 25 11:27 libprotoc.so -> libprotoc.so.21.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Oct 25 11:27 libprotoc.so.21 -> libprotoc.so.21.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45M Oct 25 11:27 libprotoc.so.21.0.0
(base) marco#pc:/usr/local/lib$
Following these indications: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/cpptutorial I tried to compile the protobuffer of the example:
(base) marco#pc:~/protobuf-3.10.0/examples$ protoc -I=/usr/local/include -cpp_out=.
$SRC_DIR/addressbook.proto
protoc: error while loading shared libraries: libprotoc.so.22: cannot open shared object file: No
such file or directory
Updates:
1) marco#pc:~$ which protoc
/usr/bin/protoc
(base) marco#pc:/usr/bin$ ls -lah | grep protoc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 374K Oct 24 19:41 protoc
(base) marco#pc:/usr/bin$ ldd protoc
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fffc7fc6000)
libprotoc.so.22 => not found
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
(0x00007f23bfea9000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
(0x00007f23bfc91000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0
(0x00007f23bfa72000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f23bf681000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f23bf2e3000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f23c0436000)
How to solve the problem?
Update2: Thanks to #Botje I discovered to have a second, unkown to me,protoc in /usr/protoc. After having delete it, the second one, which I installed before, "re-emerged" and worked just fine
Marco

Make nl to enumerate from a specified line

I intent to enumerate the files and dirs
[root#iz2ze9wve43n2nyuvmsfx5z /]# ls -lh |nl
1 total 60K
2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 15 22:08 bin -> usr/bin
3 dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4.0K Jun 15 22:10 boot
4 drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2.9K Sep 17 11:35 dev
5 drwxr-xr-x. 85 root root 4.0K Sep 18 22:44 etc
6 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Sep 17 08:25 home
7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 15 22:08 lib -> usr/lib
8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 15 22:08 lib64 -> usr/lib64
9 drwx------. 2 root root 16K Oct 15 2017 lost+found
10 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Apr 11 2018 media
11 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Apr 11 2018 mnt
12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Apr 11 2018 opt
13 dr-xr-xr-x 86 root root 0 Sep 17 11:35 proc
14 drwxrwxrwx. 21 root root 4.0K Oct 22 08:11 root
15 drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 660 Oct 24 19:10 run
16 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jun 15 22:08 sbin -> usr/sbin
17 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Apr 11 2018 srv
18 dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Oct 21 19:50 sys
19 drwxrwxrwt. 11 root root 4.0K Oct 24 05:19 tmp
20 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4.0K Jun 15 22:08 usr
21 drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4.0K Jun 15 22:08 var
It starts with 1 which I desire is 0.
How could make nl to enumerate from a specified line.

You just need to use the -v option, and specify to start from 0; your instruction becoming:
ls -lh |nl -v 0

Lets have a look at nl --help:
$ nl --help
Usage: nl [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
...
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number for each section
Therefore:
$ nl -v0 <<EOF
> a
> b
> EOF
0 a
1 b
Note that it does not really matter whether you want to enumerate directories or anything else, which is why you probably should strip this part from your question to make it more specific.

Not able to compile with gcc using -m32

amar#pc:/local/mnt/workspace/amarn$ gcc -m32 a.c
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
amar#pc:/local/mnt/workspace/amarn$ cat a.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
main ()
{
long z;
printf("Long int size is %d bytes long!\n", sizeof(z));
;
return 0;
}
amarn#hyd-tbsbld01:/local/mnt/workspace/amarn$ uname -a
Linux mypc 4.4.0-78-generic #99-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 27 15:29:09 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
I made following change for gcc.
gcc was mapped to gcc-5.
I mapped gcc to gcc-4.8.
amar#mypc:/usr/bin$ ll | grep gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 428 May 7 2006 c89-gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 454 Apr 11 2011 c99-gcc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 1 11:54 gcc -> gcc-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 776344 Jan 26 2016 gcc-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 915736 Nov 3 2016 gcc-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 1 11:55 gcc-ar -> gcc-ar-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27032 Jan 26 2016 gcc-ar-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31136 Nov 3 2016 gcc-ar-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 1 11:56 gcc-nm -> gcc-nm-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27032 Jan 26 2016 gcc-nm-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31136 Nov 3 2016 gcc-nm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jun 1 11:56 gcc-ranlib -> gcc-ranlib-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27032 Jan 26 2016 gcc-ranlib-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31136 Nov 3 2016 gcc-ranlib-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 1 12:32 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -> gcc-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 26 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.8 -> gcc-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Nov 3 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-5 -> gcc-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 1 12:34 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar -> gcc-ar-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 26 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-4.8 -> gcc-ar-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-5 -> gcc-ar-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 1 12:34 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm -> gcc-nm-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 26 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-4.8 -> gcc-nm-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-5 -> gcc-nm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jun 1 12:35 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib -> gcc-ranlib-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Jan 26 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-4.8 -> gcc-ranlib-4.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Nov 3 2016 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-5 -> gcc-ranlib-5

How to install GCC and/or apt on embedded linux Raspberry Pi

I have a pre-configured linux distro on a raspberry pi (used for a bitcoin miner).
The problem is that this distro is very minimal, only has busybox for basic commands. It doesn't have a package manager and it doesn't even have a gcc compiler. So my target is to install a gcc compiler on it so I can go further and install other software.
So I'm basically limited to these commands from busybox:
root#raspberrypi:~# ls /bin
addgroup fgrep ping6
adduser grep ps
ash gunzip pwd
busybox gzip rm
cat hostname rmdir
chattr ip sed
chgrp kill sh
chmod ln sleep
chown login stty
cp ls su
cpio mkdir sync
date mknod tar
dd mktemp tinylogin
delgroup more touch
deluser mount true
df mountpoint umount
dmesg mountpoint.sysvinit uname
dnsdomainname mv usleep
dumpkmap netstat vi
echo pidof zcat
egrep pidof.sysvinit
false ping
root#raspberrypi:~# ls -l /usr/bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 [ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 [[ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 ar -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 awk -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 basename -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 bunzip2 -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 bzcat -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 302368 Apr 22 2014 cgminer
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 4179 Apr 18 2014 cherryd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Feb 21 14:30 chvt -> /usr/bin/chvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6860 Feb 19 12:23 chvt.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 clear -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 cmp -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4304 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-check
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 218 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-format
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4796 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-packer
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3968 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-unpacker
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 990 Mar 11 03:18 create-cracklib-dict
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135908 Mar 28 12:33 curl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 cut -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 21 14:37 dbclient -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 dc -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13372 Feb 19 12:24 ddcmon
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:30 deallocvt -> /usr/bin/deallocvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7352 Feb 19 12:23 deallocvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 64815 Feb 19 12:24 decode-dimms
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6104 Feb 19 12:24 decode-edid
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5650 Feb 19 12:24 decode-vaio
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 diff -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 dirname -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 du -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 58744 Feb 19 12:23 dumpkeys
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 dumpleases -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 287 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 295 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install-2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 env -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 expr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:30 fgconsole -> /usr/bin/fgconsole.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7460 Feb 19 12:23 fgconsole.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 find -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 flock -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 free -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 fuser -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7736 Feb 19 12:23 getkeycodes
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 groups -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 head -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 hexdump -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 id -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7936 Feb 19 12:23 kbd_mode
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8492 Feb 19 12:23 kbdrate
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 killall -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 last -> /usr/bin/last.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14048 Feb 19 12:15 last.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Feb 21 14:32 lastb -> last
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 less -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 85348 Feb 19 12:23 loadkeys
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19952 Feb 19 12:23 loadunimap
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 logger -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 logname -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1229 Feb 19 12:24 mako-render
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15000 Feb 19 12:23 mapscrn
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 md5sum -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 mesg -> /usr/bin/mesg.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6532 Feb 19 12:15 mesg.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 microcom -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 mkfifo -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18056 Mar 11 03:20 mkhomedir_helper
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nohup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nslookup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 od -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 488032 Apr 18 2014 openssl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Feb 21 14:30 openvt -> /usr/bin/openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12084 Feb 19 12:23 openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9852 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9872 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9904 Mar 11 03:20 pam_timestamp_check
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:30 passwd -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 patch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 21 14:37 perl -> perl5.14.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8768 Feb 19 12:25 perl5.14.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 printf -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfaddtable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfgettable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfstriptable -> psfxtable
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16844 Feb 19 12:23 psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Feb 21 14:32 psplash -> /usr/bin/psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 50484 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-default
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113760 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5516 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-write
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 21 14:37 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:37 python-config -> python2-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:37 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Feb 21 14:37 python2-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6268 Apr 18 2014 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1618 Feb 19 12:19 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 readlink -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 realpath -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 renice -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 reset -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11882 Feb 19 12:24 rpio
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16597 Feb 19 12:24 rpio-curses
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 run-parts -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 21 14:37 scp -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Mar 11 02:22 screen -> screen-4.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 312200 Mar 11 02:22 screen-4.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 seq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 33868 Feb 19 12:23 setfont
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7276 Feb 19 12:23 setkeycodes
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8768 Feb 19 12:23 setleds
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6900 Feb 19 12:23 setmetamode
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14260 Feb 19 12:23 showconsolefont
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10020 Feb 19 12:23 showkey
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 sort -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 49100 Feb 19 12:13 sqlite3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 21 14:37 ssh -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 stat -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 strings -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tail -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tee -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 telnet -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 test -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tftp -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 time -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 top -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 traceroute -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tty -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137588 Feb 19 12:23 udevadm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2425 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_start
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 363 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_stop
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 uniq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26424 Mar 11 03:20 unix_chkpwd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26412 Mar 11 03:20 unix_update
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 unzip -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4267 Feb 19 12:09 update-alternatives
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 uptime -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 users -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Feb 21 14:32 utmpdump -> /usr/bin/utmpdump.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9568 Feb 19 12:15 utmpdump.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:30 vlock -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 wall -> /usr/bin/wall.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10764 Feb 19 12:15 wall.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 watch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 wc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 wget -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 which -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 who -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 whoami -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 xargs -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 yes -> /bin/busybox
What I have tried so far is to download a new busybox from here
which includes more commands, most notably rpm (still lacks dpkg though)
root#raspberrypi:~# ./busybox-armv7l
BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-07-08 10:26:30 CDT) multi-call binary.
BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2012.
Licensed under GPLv2. See source distribution for detailed
copyright notices.
Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...]
or: busybox --list[-full]
or: busybox --install [-s] [DIR]
or: function [arguments]...
BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.
Currently defined functions:
[, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arp, arping, ash, awk, base64,
basename, beep, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat,
catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum,
clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd,
deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd,
dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir,
envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush,
fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck,
fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip,
gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id,
ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install, ionice, iostat,
ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill,
killall, killall5, klogd, last, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof, lspci,
lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom,
mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd,
mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif,
nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, ntpd, od,
openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap,
popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx,
raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime,
remove-shell, renice, reset, resize, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio,
rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail,
seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setserial, setsid, setuidgid,
sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit,
sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd,
swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet,
telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true,
tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos,
unlzma, unlzop, unxz, unzip, uptime, users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi,
vlock, volname, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xz,
xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip
I have downloaded some gcc rpm's from here
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=gcc&submit=Search+...&system=&arch=
but for some reason gcc does not execute
root#raspberrypi:~# ./busybox-armv7l rpm -i gcc-4.8.2-1.fc20.armv7hl.rpm
root#raspberrypi:~# find / -name gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
/usr/share/doc/gcc
/usr/lib/gcc
/usr/libexec/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/bin/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/lib/gcc
/opt/STM/STLinux-2.4/devkit/armv7/target/usr/libexec/gcc
root#raspberrypi:~# cd /usr/bin
root#raspberrypi:/usr/bin# ./gcc
-sh: ./gcc: not found
root#raspberrypi:/usr/bin# ls -l
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 [ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 [[ -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 ar -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 562184 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-cpp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 562184 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 257596 Mar 29 02:30 arm-linux-gnu-gcov
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 622224 Oct 17 10:53 armv7hl-redhat-linux-gnueabi-gcc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 awk -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 basename -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 bunzip2 -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 bzcat -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 224 Oct 17 10:52 c89
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Oct 17 10:52 c99
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Apr 10 21:31 cc -> gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 302368 Apr 22 2014 cgminer
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 4179 Apr 18 2014 cherryd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Feb 21 14:30 chvt -> /usr/bin/chvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6860 Feb 19 12:23 chvt.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 clear -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 cmp -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4304 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-check
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 218 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-format
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4796 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-packer
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3968 Mar 11 03:18 cracklib-unpacker
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 990 Mar 11 03:18 create-cracklib-dict
....
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 287 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 295 Feb 19 12:24 easy_install-2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 env -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 expr -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:30 fgconsole -> /usr/bin/fgconsole.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7460 Feb 19 12:23 fgconsole.kbd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 find -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 flock -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 free -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 fuser -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 622224 Oct 17 10:53 gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25900 Oct 17 10:54 gcc-ar
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25856 Oct 17 10:53 gcc-nm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25864 Oct 17 10:54 gcc-ranlib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 260996 Oct 17 10:54 gcov
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7736 Feb 19 12:23 getkeycodes
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 groups -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 head -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 hexdump -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 id -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7936 Feb 19 12:23 kbd_mode
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8492 Feb 19 12:23 kbdrate
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 killall -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 last -> /usr/bin/last.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14048 Feb 19 12:15 last.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Feb 21 14:32 lastb -> last
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 less -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 85348 Feb 19 12:23 loadkeys
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19952 Feb 19 12:23 loadunimap
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 logger -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 logname -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1229 Feb 19 12:24 mako-render
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15000 Feb 19 12:23 mapscrn
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 md5sum -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 mesg -> /usr/bin/mesg.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6532 Feb 19 12:15 mesg.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 microcom -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 mkfifo -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18056 Mar 11 03:20 mkhomedir_helper
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nohup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 nslookup -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 od -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 488032 Apr 18 2014 openssl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Feb 21 14:30 openvt -> /usr/bin/openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12084 Feb 19 12:23 openvt.kbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9852 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9872 Mar 11 03:20 pam_tally2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9904 Mar 11 03:20 pam_timestamp_check
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:30 passwd -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 patch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 21 14:37 perl -> perl5.14.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8768 Feb 19 12:25 perl5.14.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 printf -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfaddtable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfgettable -> psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:30 psfstriptable -> psfxtable
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16844 Feb 19 12:23 psfxtable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Feb 21 14:32 psplash -> /usr/bin/psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 50484 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-default
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 113760 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-raspberrypi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5516 Feb 19 12:16 psplash-write
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 21 14:37 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:37 python-config -> python2-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 21 14:37 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Feb 21 14:37 python2-config -> python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6268 Apr 18 2014 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1618 Feb 19 12:19 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 readlink -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 realpath -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 renice -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 reset -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11882 Feb 19 12:24 rpio
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16597 Feb 19 12:24 rpio-curses
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 run-parts -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 21 14:37 scp -> /usr/sbin/dropbearmulti
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Mar 11 02:22 screen -> screen-4.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 312200 Mar 11 02:22 screen-4.0.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 seq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 33868 Feb 19 12:23 setfont
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7276 Feb 19 12:23 setkeycodes
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8768 Feb 19 12:23 setleds
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6900 Feb 19 12:23 setmetamode
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14260 Feb 19 12:23 showconsolefont
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10020 Feb 19 12:23 showkey
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 sort -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 49100 Feb 19 12:13 sqlite3
.....
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 tty -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137588 Feb 19 12:23 udevadm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2425 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_start
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 363 Feb 19 12:23 unicode_stop
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 uniq -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26424 Mar 11 03:20 unix_chkpwd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26412 Mar 11 03:20 unix_update
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 unzip -> /bin/busybox
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4267 Feb 19 12:09 update-alternatives
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 uptime -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 users -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Feb 21 14:32 utmpdump -> /usr/bin/utmpdump.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9568 Feb 19 12:15 utmpdump.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Feb 21 14:30 vlock -> /bin/tinylogin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 21 14:32 wall -> /usr/bin/wall.sysvinit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10764 Feb 19 12:15 wall.sysvinit
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 watch -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 wc -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 wget -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 which -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 who -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 whoami -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 xargs -> /bin/busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Feb 21 14:30 yes -> /bin/busybox
Also tried installing apt-rpm to get apt-get, but it misses a shared libary
root#raspberrypi:~# apt-get
apt-get: error while loading shared libraries: /usr/lib/liblua-5.1.so: internal error
can someone help me on all this??

you've tagged this post as "yocto".
So the only thing I can advice you is using this wonderful tool :)
you don't want to compile your tools from your raspi, but from your killer linux machine :)
first, make sure you have all the prerequisists.
for fedora:
sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \
diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \
ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue socat
for ubuntu / debian:
sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
build-essential chrpath socat
then, you can get yocto from git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky -b daisy
then, you need to get the raspberrypi layer and its dependencies:
cd poky
git clone http://git.yoctoproject.org/git/meta-raspberrypi -b daisy
git clone git://git.openembedded.org/meta-openembedded -b daisy
then, setup the build environment:
source oe-init-build-env rpi-build
here rpi-build will be the name of the build directory, it can be whatever you want.
this will setup all the environment variables needed to use yocto, andmove you to the newly create build directory.
edit conf/bblayers.conf
and add the needed layers to BBLAYERS. it should look like something like this:
BBLAYERS ?= " \
/path/to/poky/meta \
/path/to/poky/meta-yocto \
/path/to/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \
/path/to/poky/meta-openembedded/meta-oe \
/path/to/poky/meta-raspberrypi \
"
then, edit conf/local.conf
set the MACHINE variabel to raspberrypi:
MACHINE ?= "raspberrypi"
you can also tell yocto to generate deb files instead of the default rpms by changing:
PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm"
to:
PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_deb"
in order to quickly have dpkg present in the build, just add the following line in your conf/local.conf
CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL="dpkg"
and create a basic image:
bitbake rpi-basic-image
this will take some time.... a LOT of time in fact (yocto will generate the whole rootfilesystem, it will download the sources and compile them, will create deb packages for each of them, and will generate a flashable s image).
during that time I suggest you read the yocto documentation in order to understand how to add more software to the resulting image and / or customise it.
Explaining how yocto works can't just be an answer in stackoverflow you'll need to read the documentation and practice a little bit.
but the main thing to understand is that yocto provides receipes. Basically, a receipe describes how to get a packages and how to compile it.
a simple example of receipe can be found in:
meta/recipes-devtools/rpm/rpmresolve_1.0.bb
the good thing with yocto, is that you can easily add your own receipes.
layers provide supersets of receipes, they also allow customisation.
here, we added the raspberrypi layer in order to add support for the raspberry board.
the raspberry layer provides all the receipes needed to configure the kernel, and the bootloader etc...
once compilation is done, in order to flash the resulting sd image just do:
dd bs=4M if=/path/to/rpi-build/tmp/deploy/images/raspberrypi/rpi-basic-image-raspberrypi.rpi-sdimg of=/dev/sd?
where "sd?" is your (unmounted) sdcard (think about saving it if needed)
plug back your sdcard to your raspi,
boot it.
in order to find out the raspi ip, you can scan your network for open ssh ports:
nmap -p 22 --open -sV YOU_SUBNET_ADDRESS/SUBNET_SIZE
example:
nmap -p 22 --open -sV 192.168.1.0/24
ssh root#RASPI-IP
and voila !
next time you'll need to build a new package, you can do:
bitbake package-name
and then just scp the resulting .deb file (from tmp/work/armv6-vfp-poky-linux-gnueabi/PACKAGE_NAME/PACKAGE_VERSION/deploy-debs/armv6-vfp/PACKAGE.ipk) to the raspi and use dpkg to install it.
you can also create your own image based on rpi-basic-image and adding your own selection of packages.
Exmple with htop:
bitbake htop
scp ./tmp/work/armv6-vfp-poky-linux-gnueabi/htop/1.0.3-r0/deploy-debs/armv6-vfp/htop_1.0.3-r0_armv6-vfp.deb root#myraspi
yocto will be very helpful to ease the cross compilation process for you.
sources:
https://github.com/djwillis/meta-raspberrypi
https://yoctoproject.org
kamou

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