Install winusb driver from user application - windows

Please can anyone give me direct for realization next functional for Windows.
I have USB device which connects to the PC (it is JTAG programmer.) I know VID and PID of this hardware. I need:
1 Check what type of driver this hardware use (detecting winusb driver or not will be enough. Maybe do I need to read registry?)
2 If driver is not winusb I need to install winusb driver for this USB device from my application.

The current driver assigned to the device is stored in the registry, so you could read it directly from there. However, it is probably better to use SetupAPI, an API provided by Microsoft. The function to call is SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty, and the third argument should be SPDRP_SERVICE. This will return the name of the driver as a string. Note that you will need to call several other SetupAPI functions before you have all the pieces of info you need to call SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty.
I have not tried it, but libwdi has features for installing WinUSB onto a device node. It might also have functions for getting the current driver, so you should try using it before you spend too much time learning SetupAPI. The devcon utility from Microsoft (which is open source now) might be another option.
Without knowing the details of what you are doing, I question whether you really need to do this. It might be simpler to provide a signed driver package to users and instruct them to use the "Update Driver Software..." option from the Device Manager to apply it to particular device.

I made first part of task.
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
DEFINE_GUID(GUID_DEVCLASS_WINUSB,0x88BAE032,0x5A81,0x49f0,
0xBC,0x3D,0xA4,0xFF,0x13,0x82,0x16,0xD6);
#endif
bool WinUSB::isWinUsbDriver(quint16 vid, quint16 pid)
{
#ifndef Q_OS_WIN
Q_UNUSED(vid);
Q_UNUSED(pid);
return true;
#else
HDEVINFO deviceInfoSet;
GUID *guidDev = (GUID*) &GUID_DEVCLASS_WINUSB;
deviceInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(guidDev, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_PROFILE);
DWORD buffersize =4000;
TCHAR buffer [buffersize];
int memberIndex = 0;
bool retval = false;
QString vidPid;
vidPid = "VID_" + QString("%1").arg(vid,4,16,QChar('0')) + "&";
vidPid += "PID_" + QString("%1").arg(pid,4,16,QChar('0'));
while (true)
{
SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData;
ZeroMemory(&deviceInfoData, sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
deviceInfoData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
if (SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(deviceInfoSet, memberIndex, &deviceInfoData) == FALSE) {
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
break;
}
}
DWORD nSize=0 ;
SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId (deviceInfoSet, &deviceInfoData, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &nSize);
buffer [nSize] ='\0';
QString str = QString::fromWCharArray(buffer);
if (str.indexOf(vidPid) >= 0) {
retval = true;
break;
}
memberIndex++;
}
if (deviceInfoSet) {
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceInfoSet);
}
return retval;
#endif
}

Related

How to get a serial number of a Windows disk?

I'm trying to get a serial number of a disk, using IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER:
HANDLE h = CreateFile ("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0", GENERIC_READ,
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH | FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING, 0);
if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
struct {
USHORT Reserved;
USHORT SerialNumberLength;
UCHAR SerialNumber[252];
} dsn;
DWORD nr;
memset(&dsn, '\0', sizeof dsn);
if ((DeviceIoControl(h, IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER,
NULL, 0, &dsn, sizeof(dsn), &nr, 0))) {
printf("Serial number: %s\n", dsn.SerialNumber);
} else {
printf("No serial number, error %d.\n", (int)GetLastError());
}
}
However, GetLastError() returns ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION.
The disk does exist, and it has a serial number, see this registry entry:
How can I retrieve the serial number from C code without using the registry?
we can use IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY with StorageDeviceProperty (Indicates that the caller is querying for the device descriptor, STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR)
and use SerialNumberOffset member of STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR
Specifies the byte offset from the beginning of the structure to a
NULL-terminated ASCII string that contains the device's serial number.
If the device has no serial number, this member is zero.
code can look like this:
ULONG GetSerial(HANDLE hFile)
{
static STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY spq = { StorageDeviceProperty, PropertyStandardQuery };
union {
PVOID buf;
PSTR psz;
PSTORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR psdd;
};
ULONG size = sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR) + 0x100;
ULONG dwError;
do
{
dwError = ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES;
if (buf = LocalAlloc(0, size))
{
ULONG BytesReturned;
if (DeviceIoControl(hFile, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY, &spq, sizeof(spq), buf, size, &BytesReturned, 0))
{
if (psdd->Version >= sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR))
{
if (psdd->Size > size)
{
size = psdd->Size;
dwError = ERROR_MORE_DATA;
}
else
{
if (psdd->SerialNumberOffset)
{
DbgPrint("SerialNumber = %s\n", psz + psdd->SerialNumberOffset);
dwError = NOERROR;
}
else
{
dwError = ERROR_NO_DATA;
}
}
}
else
{
dwError = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
}
}
else
{
dwError = GetLastError();
}
LocalFree(buf);
}
} while (dwError == ERROR_MORE_DATA);
return dwError;
}
also for open device we can use CreateFileW (L"\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0", 0, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0); - in place dwDesiredAccess we can use 0 because IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY defined as
CTL_CODE(IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE, 0x0500, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS) - so FILE_ANY_ACCESS - accept any file access and FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH | FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING have sense only for file system devices (more general which use cache) - for disk devices - this is irrelevant
I have tried different approaches and figured out that sending IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY doesn't work as expected for different USB devices in both User and Kernel mode code. For some USB mass storages it doesn't return serial number. I'd assume that there are 2 correct ways to do that:
IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER (a few AV products do that?)
create and send URB_CONTROL_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST
Update 1.
I saw using IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER in the one file system mini-filter driver that was used like the following:
FltGetDiskDeviceObject( FltObjects->Volume, &pDevice );
Irp = IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest(
IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER,
Device,
...
Irp = IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest(
IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER,
Device,....
I haven't tested this yet in KernelMode code, unfortunately, but trying to make it works in user mode code shows that this IOCTL mostly
is not supported by different devices, maybe this IOCTL is reserved for the future as a standard way to get the serial number and will be
required by USB standards later?
Also, "wmic diskdrive get name, serialnumber" returns in my case for USB Mass Storage incorrect serial number = "E" the same result as we would use IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY.
So, the correct way to get the serial number of USB mass storage is creating a USB request block in KernelMode code and using DeviceIoControl to the hub driver in the UserMode code.
USBVIEW (UserMode code) gets serial number by sending IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX ioctl to the HUB driver which
returns USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX that contains USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR. iSerialNumber member of USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR is used later in the
IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION ioctl request to the hub driver which finally gets serial number.
Another approach I see is maybe using some 3-rd party libraries like libusb to simplicate all these actions...
Update 2.
I took a look at USBSTOR disassembled code. USBSTOR_DeviceControl routine has the following code for the IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_MEDIA_SERIAL_NUMBER
++v3->CurrentLocation;
++v3->Tail.Overlay.CurrentStackLocation;
v8 = IofCallDriver(*(PDEVICE_OBJECT *)(v6 + 24), v3);
So, it passes the IRP down the stack to the usbhub driver as was expected. So maybe this functionlaty is expected to be realized in
the usbhub driver sometime ? That would be great as for me...

Need to write driver for USB peripheral device?

I'm working on designing a USB peripheral which will occasionally connect to a Windows PC, and transfer a few KB of data in each direction. There will be a custom PC application that controls the data transfers, using a proprietary protocol (i.e. for the USB payloads).
I see at the following link that Microsoft describes how to write a driver for a USB device. But do I need one?
Developing Windows client drivers for USB devices
The PC application is the only application that we intend to know how to communicate with the device, so there's no need for a driver from an application sharing standpoint.
Can I just bake the custom protocol directly into the application, have the application speak "raw USB" to the device, and do without a separate driver?
"raw USB", no, you can't do that from an application.
But because you control the device also, you can make it appear as one of the device classes for which Windows provides a device driver that's generic enough to do just about anything you want.
Those device classes are HID (Human Interface Device) and "WinUSB". Of these, HID is cross-platform but more limited in capability, WinUSB allows high performance data transfers as well as interrupt endpoints.
Instructions for setting up your device's string descriptors so that Windows automatically binds it to the WinUSB driver are on MSDN
A WinUSB device is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device whose firmware defines certain Microsoft operating system (OS) feature descriptors that report the compatible ID as "WINUSB".
The purpose of a WinUSB device is to enable Windows to load Winusb.sys as the device's function driver without a custom INF file. For a WinUSB device, you are not required to distribute INF files for your device, making the driver installation process simple for end users.
There is another way with no need to write driver to write what You want to device using WriteFile function:WinUSB, how to do this:
Include WinUsb.h
Add WinUsb.lib to the list of linked libraries.
in Usb100.h some macros.
Use the device interface GUID to obtain the device path. The correct GUID is the one that you specified in the INF that was used to install WinUsb.sys.
Get a handle to the device information set by passing the device interface GUID that you defined in the INF to SetupDiGetClassDevs. The function returns an HDEVINFO handle.
Call SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces to enumerate the system’s device interfaces and obtain information on your device interface.
Call SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail to get detailed data for the device interface.
Call the GetDevicePath function to obtain the device path.
Pass the device path to CreateFile to obtain a file handle for the device. Use ReadFile and Write File to communicate with device!
Pass the file handle to WinUsb_Initialize to initialize WinUSB and obtain a WinUSB handle. You use the device’s WinUSB handle to identify the device when you call WinUSB API functions, not the device’s file handle.
For more advanced solutions - use functions:
WinUsb_QueryDeviceInformation to obtain the device’s speed.
WinUsb_QueryInterfaceSettings to obtain the corresponding interface descriptors. The WinUSB handle corresponds to the first interface.
WinUsb_QueryPipe gets information about each endpoint.
WinUsb_WritePipe writes the buffer to the device - default behavior: zero-length writes are forwarded down the stack. If the transfer length is greater than a maximum transfer length, WinUSB divides the request into smaller requests of maximum transfer length and submits them serially.
more functions and info: http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/c/5/9c5b2167-8017-4bae-9fde-d599bac8184a/winusb_howto.docx
For debugging purposes You probably need:
winusbtrace_tool https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/usbcoreblog/2010/02/05/how-to-generate-and-view-a-winusb-debug-trace-log/;
Wireshark https://www.wireshark.org with USBPcap plugin.
Other Example:
http://searchingforbit.blogspot.com/2012/04/winusb-communication-with-stm32-part-1.html.
Sample template comes with Visual Studio.
You need also have knowledge of writing .inf files.
Another easy way to communicate with USB - libusb-win32 https://sourceforge.net/projects/libusb-win32/
My simple console app sends chunks to device (raw data write immediately to device bypassing the stack):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <SetupAPI.h>
#include <Hidsdi.h>
#include <devguid.h>
#include <winusb.h>
#include <usb.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "hid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "setupapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "winusb.lib")
#include <iUString.h>
iString<char> DevicePath;
bool WinusbHandle_Open=false;
bool DeviceHandle_Open = false;
WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE WinusbHandle;
HANDLE DeviceHandle;
UCHAR usb_out_buffer[64];
DEFINE_GUID(GUID_DEVCLASS_WINUSB, 0x88bae032L, 0x5a81, 0x49f0, 0xbc, 0x3d, 0xa4, 0xff, 0x13, 0x82, 0x16, 0xd6);
DEFINE_GUID(GUID_DEVCLASS_STL, 0xf177724dL, 0x74d3, 0x430e, 0x86, 0xb5, 0xf0, 0x36, 0x89, 0x10, 0xeb, 0x23);
GUID winusb_guid;
GUID stl_guid;
bool connectusb();
void disconnectusb();
int main()
{
DWORD n;
DWORD numEvents;
HANDLE rHnd;
WinusbHandle_Open = false;
DeviceHandle_Open = false;
winusb_guid = GUID_DEVCLASS_WINUSB;
stl_guid = GUID_DEVCLASS_STL;
usb_out_buffer[0] = 0;
usb_out_buffer[1] = 1;
usb_out_buffer[2] = 2;
usb_out_buffer[3] = 3;
ULONG bytesWritten;
ULONG timeout;
timeout = 100;
rHnd = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(WinusbHandle, 0x01, PIPE_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT, sizeof(ULONG), &timeout);
timeout = TRUE;
WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(WinusbHandle, 0x01, AUTO_CLEAR_STALL, sizeof(ULONG), &timeout);
timeout = TRUE;
WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(WinusbHandle, 0x01, RAW_IO, sizeof(ULONG), &timeout);//Bypasses queuing and error handling to boost performance for multiple read requests.
while (true)
{
if ((!WinusbHandle_Open) || (!WinusbHandle_Open)) { if (!connectusb())Sleep(2000); }
if ((!WinusbHandle_Open) || (!WinusbHandle_Open))continue;
bytesWritten = 0;
if (!WinUsb_WritePipe(WinusbHandle, 0x01, &usb_out_buffer[0], 2, &bytesWritten, NULL))
{
n = GetLastError();
disconnectusb();
}
Sleep(2000);
}
disconnectusb();
return 0;
}
bool connectusb()
{
BOOL bResult = FALSE;
HDEVINFO deviceInfo;
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA interfaceData;
PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = NULL;
DWORD n;
SP_DEVINFO_DATA devinfo;
BYTE devdetailbuffer[4096];
bool found;
deviceInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&stl_guid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
if (deviceInfo == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { return false; }
found = false;
for (n = 0;; n++)
{
interfaceData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
if (!SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(deviceInfo, NULL, &stl_guid, n, &interfaceData))
{
n = GetLastError();
break;
}
detailData = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)devdetailbuffer;
detailData->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA);
devinfo.cbSize = sizeof(devinfo);
if (!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(deviceInfo, &interfaceData, detailData, sizeof(devdetailbuffer), NULL, &devinfo)) { printf("SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail: %u\n", GetLastError()); break; }
if (IsEqualGUID(devinfo.ClassGuid, winusb_guid))
{
if ((-1 != iStrPos(detailData->DevicePath, "VID_0483")) || (-1 != iStrPos(detailData->DevicePath, "vid_0483")))
{
if ((-1 != iStrPos(detailData->DevicePath, "PID_576B")) || (-1 != iStrPos(detailData->DevicePath, "pid_576b")))
{
DevicePath = detailData->DevicePath;
found = true;
break;
}
}
}
}
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceInfo);
if (!found)return false;
DeviceHandle = CreateFile(DevicePath.Buffer() ,
GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == DeviceHandle) {
n = GetLastError();
}
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == DeviceHandle) return false;
DeviceHandle_Open = true;
if (!WinUsb_Initialize(DeviceHandle, &WinusbHandle))
{
n = GetLastError();
CloseHandle(DeviceHandle); DeviceHandle_Open = false;
return false;
}
WinusbHandle_Open = true;
return true;
}
void disconnectusb()
{
if (WinusbHandle_Open) { WinUsb_Free(WinusbHandle); WinusbHandle_Open = false; }
if (DeviceHandle_Open) { CloseHandle(DeviceHandle); DeviceHandle_Open = false; }
}
Making your firmware to be enumerated as a WINUSB (winusb generic driver) device makes life easier.
I believe it'd be clear if you have a demo and code so I made one for you :)
My KEIL project using the STM32F4 Discovery board working with WINUSB as an USB CDC device. You can see more information and have the source code from my GitHub.

How to enable "Better Performance" on an External USB HD programatically in C/C++

How do I enable "Better Performance" on an External USB HD programatically in C/C++.
Specifically I am talking about the device properties pane in the control panel in Microsoft Windows. That enables a form of OS level write caching.
You need to send the IOCTL_DISK_SET_CACHE_INFORMATION Control Code using DeviceIoControl.
I suggest you use the Dskcache.exe tool to configure the "Power Protected" Write Cache option.
With W2K SP3 MS introduced the "Power Protected" Write Cache Option in additon to the "Write Caching" option.
Basically, to have the FS driver to issue Flush/Write-Through commands you will need to set "Write Caching" option to Enabled and
the "Power Protected" option to Disabled (see more info here: http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=332023).1
.
1 source
This link Provided by Alex K. is my accepted answer: It deals with the IOCTL_DISK_SET_CACHE_INFORMATION DeviceIoControl()
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dhawan/archive/2009/10/05/enable-or-disable-enable-write-caching-on-disk-behavior-on-disk.aspx
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0503
#include <windows.h>
DISK_CACHE_INFORMATION info;
DISK_CACHE_INFORMATION rinfo;
void main(void)
{
DWORD rr;
HANDLE hDevice;
DWORD err;
DWORD returned;
hDevice = CreateFile("\\\\.\\C:", // drive to open
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
// share mode
NULL, // default security attributes
OPEN_EXISTING, // disposition
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM, // file attributes
NULL); // do not copy file attributes
if(hDevice==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return;
}
rr = DeviceIoControl(hDevice,IOCTL_DISK_GET_CACHE_INFORMATION,NULL,
0,(LPVOID)&info,(DWORD)sizeof(info),(LPDWORD)&returned, (LPOVERLAPPED)NULL);
if (!rr)
{
err = GetLastError();
return;
}
info.WriteCacheEnabled = true;
info.ReadCacheEnabled = false;
info.DisablePrefetchTransferLength = 1;
rr = DeviceIoControl(hDevice,IOCTL_DISK_SET_CACHE_INFORMATION,(LPVOID)&info,(DWORD)sizeof(info),
NULL,0,(LPDWORD)&returned,(LPOVERLAPPED)NULL);
if (!rr)
{
err = GetLastError();
return;
}
rr = DeviceIoControl(hDevice,IOCTL_DISK_GET_CACHE_INFORMATION,NULL,0,
(LPVOID)&rinfo,(DWORD)sizeof(rinfo),(LPDWORD)&returned,(LPOVERLAPPED)NULL);
if (!rr)
{
err = GetLastError();
return;
}
CloseHandle(hDevice);
}
Old Information:
Windows 2K did contain a "Power Protected" Write Cache Option, but it was never carried over to Windows XP. Which makes a comment about using Dskcache.exe invalid. Was "Power Protected Mode" ever put back into e.g. Windows Vista? I do not know.

Sending a specific SCSI command to a SCSI device in Windows

Does windows have specific interface by which I can send a specific scsi command such Inquiry to scsi device ? I searched the net, found passing reference to SCSI Pass Through interface. But Its very Vague.
Is there any documentation for that API on how to use it??
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winioctl.h>
#define ULONG_PTR ULONG
#include <ntddscsi.h> //from SDK
#include <spti.h> //from DDK
using namespace std;
int demo()
{
HANDLE hDisk;
SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT_WITH_BUFFER sptdwb;
ULONG length = 0;
DWORD bytesReturn;
BYTE bufDataRead[64*1024+10];
int iRet;
hDisk = CreateFile(path,GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL,OPEN_EXISTING,0,NULL
);
if (hDisk ==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
return 0;
}
ZeroMemory(&sptdwb, sizeof(SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT_WITH_BUFFER));
sptdwb.sptd.Length = sizeof(SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT);
sptdwb.sptd.PathId = 0;
sptdwb.sptd.TargetId = 1;
sptdwb.sptd.Lun = 0;
sptdwb.sptd.CdbLength = 6;
sptdwb.sptd.DataIn = SCSI_IOCTL_DATA_IN;
sptdwb.sptd.SenseInfoLength = 24;
sptdwb.sptd.DataTransferLength = 8;
sptdwb.sptd.TimeOutValue = 2;
sptdwb.sptd.DataBuffer = bufDataRead;
sptdwb.sptd.SenseInfoOffset = offsetof(SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT_WITH_BUFFER,ucSenseBuf);
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[0] = 0x12;
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[1] = 0x00;
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[2] = 0x00;
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[3] = 0x00;
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[4] = 0xFF;
sptdwb.sptd.Cdb[5] = 0x00;
length = sizeof(SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT_WITH_BUFFER);
iRet = DeviceIoControl(hDisk,
IOCTL_SCSI_PASS_THROUGH_DIRECT,
&sptdwb,
length,
&sptdwb,
length,
&bytesReturn,
NULL);
if (0 == iRet) {
printf("inquiry fail");
return 0;
} else {
//Check returned data in sptdwb.sptd.DataBuffer.
}
return 0;
}
SCSI covers a vast amount of ground. Are you talking to a CD/DVD/Disk/Tape/Scanner or what.
For CD/DVD the best (and only) free reference for setup/read/write commands are to be found here: http://www.t10.org/drafts.htm
Re SPTI, there is some very basic documentation in the old 'Programmers guide to SCSI'. There is an article on an ASPI -> SPTI converter that can be found on the DDJ web site.
Bear in mind that SPTI is simply an API, it imposes nor knows anything about SCSI message content or format.
Brian Sawert, Addison Wesley 1998.
You can send SCSI commands to the SCSI Port driver by sending it an IRP_MJ_SCSI IRP, see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff565387(VS.85).aspx. However, you will have to construct the SCSI CBD yourself, and I have yet to find a document which describes it.
Anymore, the SCSI commands are broken down into a number of specs. The INQUIRY command is in the SPC spec, while device type specific commands are broken down into several specs (i.e. block, ses, ...).

Drive Letter to Device Instance ID

How do I get from a drive letter to a device instance ID?
My process starts with a device arrival message. I have been successful in getting the drive letter from the arrival message and in opening the dvd tray.
I have searched the various Setup API items; but I haven't found anything that gets me from a drive letter to a device instance ID.
A solution in C# or VB.NET would be ideal, but I'm willing to figure it out from any other language as long as I can see the API calls.
Thanks in advance...
You cannot do it directly.
The link is to use STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER. You can use DeviceIoControl with IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER on your device name to populate this structure. Put this value to one side.
You then need to get device infomation on your system using SetupDiGetClassDevs setting the GUIDS as approriate, indicicating the drives your are insterested in. Then enumerate through the devices using SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo. Then enumerate the interfaces using SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces and finally get the information using SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail. In this structure returned you can get a DevicePath you can use to get the STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER as above. Match this with the STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER from your drive letter, and you have now linked a driver letter to your structure. Phew! Inside this structure is a DevInst.
i know it's late for you now but not for everybody ^^
I had the same need and this is main line of how I did it:
-You need a window to receive device arrival and removal (as you said)
-Then you create a DeviceNotificationFilter initiated to dbcc_devicetype = DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE
-Then in the message loop of your window you look for VM_DEVICECHANGE
-When u receive it if wParam == DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL, use the lParam to check if it is a DBT_DEVTYPE_VOLUME (i was getting the letter and the type of the drive here) or a DBT_DEVTYPE_DEVICEINTERFACE ( there you can use your wellcasted lParam to get the InstanceId from the input structure).
When you connect a drive your receive DEVINTERFACE first then the other.
I only give the main line beacause i did this long time ago and i don't have the code here, and also I had found a lot of code pieces on the net (long time ago so there should be more now ^^^) maybe msdn give a full code example to do that now.
If you read this and need more informations, i'll reply or make a full documented answer if many need it.
Hope it will help some of you.
I know it's years later but I had to do this and searching brought me here and #DanDan 's answer worked. In order to save future people a lot of work, I thought I'd give back a little and present the technique a bit more explicitly. You'll still have to write a bit of code, but the part I found difficult is below as code:
As DanDan mentioned, the idea is to use CreateFile and DeviceIoControl to get the Windows STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER for the disk associated with a file path, and then use the Setup API to enumerate disk devices until we find one whose device instance equals the SDN.
First, here's a summary of how you get the STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER from the path (e.g. c:\\users\\bob);
Strip the path to the root (e.g down to C:) and prepend it with \\\\.\\ so you have \\\\.\\C:
Open that path up using CreateFileW with to get metadata
Use DeviceIoControl with IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS to get the extents
Get the DiskNumber member from the first extent returned.
Close the file
Open up \\\\.\\PhysicalDrive<n> where <n> is the that DiskNumber from the first extent
Use DeviceIoControl with code IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER to get make it fill out a STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER struct as output
Use SetupDiGetClassDevs with arguments &GUID_DEVCLASS_DISKDRIVE and DICGF_PRESENT to get all disks on the system
In a loop, use SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo to get a SP_DEVINFO_DATA repeatedly (on the device list returned by step #8 above) and a call the function below to determine which one, if any, matches the STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER for the give path.
(This is edited to remove custom utility classes of mine right on the SO web page so I might have introduced errors/typos)
bool DoesDeviceInstanceEqualStorageDeviceNumber(
const std::string& devInstance,
STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER sdn)
{
// Open up this device instance, specifying that we want the *interfaces*.
// The interfaces are key key because examining them will let us get a
// string we can use the Win32 CreateFile function.
const auto hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevsA(
nullptr,
devInstance.c_str(),
nullptr,
DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | DIGCF_ALLCLASSES);
if (hDevInfo == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
throws std::runtime_error("Unable to get disk devices");
DWORD dwSize = 0;
SP_DEVINFO_DATA did;
WCHAR buffer[4096];
did.cbSize = sizeof (did);
bool foundValidMatch = false;
int deviceNumber = 0;
// Iterate through all such devices, looking for one that has a storage device number that matches the given one.
while ( !foundValidMatch && SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hDevInfo, deviceNumber, &did))
{
deviceNumber++;
DEVPROPTYPE devPropType;
// We'll only bother comparing this one if it is fixed. Determine that.
const auto getPropResult = SetupDiGetDevicePropertyW (
hDevInfo,
&did,
&DEVPKEY_Device_RemovalPolicy, // Ask for the "removal policy"
&devPropType,
(BYTE*)buffer,
sizeof(buffer),
&dwSize,
0);
if (!getPropResult)
{
std::cerr << "Unable to to get removal policy for disk device: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
continue;
}
/* This bit *would* skip removable disks, you wanted...
else if (buffer[0] != 1)
{
std::cerr << "Skipping removable disk device " << devInstance << std::endl;
continue;
}
*/
// OK this is a fixed disk so it might be the one we'll compare against
// 1. Get the very first disk interface from this particular disk device
// 2. Open a file on it
// 3. Query the resulting file for its device number.
// 4. Compare the device number to the one we determined above
// 5. If it matches ours, then we succeed. If not, continue
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA devIntData;
devIntData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
// Get the disk interfaces
const auto result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(
hDevInfo,
&did, //&did,
&GUID_DEVINTERFACE_DISK, // Get Disk Device Interface (from winioctl.h)
0, // We only need the very FIRST one. I think...
&devIntData);
if (!result)
continue;
DWORD dwRequiredSize = 0;
// Want to get the detail but don't yet know how much space we'll need
// Do a dummy call to find out
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
hDevInfo,
&devIntData,
nullptr,
0,
&dwRequiredSize,
nullptr);
if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER != ::GetLastError())
{
std::cerr << "Unable to get device interface Detail: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;;
}
else
{
// Get the detail data so we can get the device path and open a file.
std::vector<TCHAR> buf(dwRequiredSize);
auto pDidd = reinterpret_cast<PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA>(buf.data());
// WARNING: HARD CODED HACK
// ------------------------
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10405193/vb-net-hid-setupdigetdeviceinterfacedetail-getlasterror-shows-1784-error-inv
//
// Don't ask. Just do what they tell you.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef BUILD_64
pDidd->cbSize = 8;
#else
pDidd->cbSize = 6;
#endif
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
if (!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
hDevInfo,
&devIntData,
pDidd,
dwRequiredSize,
&dwRequiredSize,
nullptr))
{
std::cerr << "Cannot get interface detail: " << ::GetLastError());
}
else
{
// FINALLY: We now have a DevicePath that we can use to open up
// in a Win32 CreateFile() call. That will let us get the
// STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER and compare it to the one we were given.
const auto hFile = ::CreateFileW(pDidd->DevicePath, 0, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hFile)
{
std::cerr << "Unable to open logical volume: " + devicePath << std::endl;
continue;
}
STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER sdnTest;
ZeroMemory(&sdnTest, sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER));
if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
hDevInfo
IOCTL_STORAGE_GET_DEVICE_NUMBER,
nullptr, // output only so not needed
0, // output only so not needed
&sdnTest,
sizeof(STORAGE_DEVICE_NUMBER),
nullptr,
nullptr))
{
std::cerr << "Unable to determine storage device number: " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;);
}
else
{
// All this for a one-line test...
foundValidMatch = sdnTest.DeviceNumber == sdn.DeviceNumber;
}
}
}
}
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
return foundValidMatch;
}
I hope this saves someone a headache

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