I'm trying to get my commit-build.bat to execute other .BAT files as part of our build process.
Content of commit-build.bat:
"msbuild.bat"
"unit-tests.bat"
"deploy.bat"
This seems simple enough, but commit-build.bat only executes the first item in the list (msbuild.bat).
I have run each of the files separately with no problems.
Use:
call msbuild.bat
call unit-tests.bat
call deploy.bat
When not using CALL, the current batch file stops and the called batch file starts executing. It's a peculiar behavior dating back to the early MS-DOS days.
All the other answers are correct: use call. For example:
call "msbuild.bat"
History
In ancient DOS versions it was not possible to recursively execute batch files. Then the call command was introduced that called another cmd shell to execute the batch file and returned execution back to the calling cmd shell when finished.
Obviously in later versions no other cmd shell was necessary anymore.
In the early days many batch files depended on the fact that calling a batch file would not return to the calling batch file. Changing that behaviour without additional syntax would have broken many systems like batch menu systems (using batch files for menu structures).
As in many cases with Microsoft, backward compatibility therefore is the reason for this behaviour.
Tips
If your batch files have spaces in their names, use quotes around the name:
call "unit tests.bat"
By the way: if you do not have all the names of the batch files, you could also use for to do this (it does not guarantee the correct order of batch file calls; it follows the order of the file system):
FOR %x IN (*.bat) DO call "%x"
You can also react on errorlevels after a call. Use:
exit /B 1 # Or any other integer value in 0..255
to give back an errorlevel. 0 denotes correct execution. In the calling batch file you can react using
if errorlevel neq 0 <batch command>
Use if errorlevel 1 if you have an older Windows than NT4/2000/XP to catch all errorlevels 1 and greater.
To control the flow of a batch file, there is goto :-(
if errorlevel 2 goto label2
if errorlevel 1 goto label1
...
:label1
...
:label2
...
As others pointed out: have a look at build systems to replace batch files.
If we want to open multiple command prompts then we could use
start cmd /k
/k: is compulsory which will execute.
Launching many command prompts can be done as below.
start cmd /k Call rc_hub.bat 4444
start cmd /k Call rc_grid1.bat 5555
start cmd /k Call rc_grid1.bat 6666
start cmd /k Call rc_grid1.bat 5570.
Try:
call msbuild.bat
call unit-tests.bat
call deploy.bat
You are calling multiple batches in an effort to compile a program.
I take for granted that if an error occurs:
1) The program within the batch will exit with an errorlevel;
2) You want to know about it.
for %%b in ("msbuild.bat" "unit-tests.bat" "deploy.bat") do call %%b|| exit /b 1
'||' tests for an errorlevel higher than 0. This way all batches are called in order but will stop at any error, leaving the screen as it is for you to see any error message.
If we have two batch scripts, aaa.bat and bbb.bat, and call like below
call aaa.bat
call bbb.bat
When executing the script, it will call aaa.bat first, wait for the thread of aaa.bat terminate, and call bbb.bat.
But if you don't want to wait for aaa.bat to terminate to call bbb.bat, try to use the START command:
START ["title"] [/D path] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED]
[/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL]
[/AFFINITY <hex affinity>] [/WAIT] [/B] [command/program]
[parameters]
Exam:
start /b aaa.bat
start /b bbb.bat
call msbuild.bat
call unit-tests.bat
call deploy.bat
using "&"
As you have noticed executing the bat directly without CALL,START, CMD /C causes to enter and execute the first file and then the process to stop as the first file is finished. Though you still can use & which will be the same as using command1 & command2 directly in the console:
(
first.bat
)&(
second.bat
)& (
third.bat
)&(
echo other commands
)
In a term of machine resources this will be the most efficient way though in the last block you won't be able to use command line GOTO,SHIFT,SETLOCAL.. and its capabilities will almost the same as in executing commands in the command prompt. And you won't be able to execute other command after the last closing bracket
Using CALL
call first.bat
call second.bat
call third.bat
In most of the cases it will be best approach - it does not create a separate process but has almost identical behaviour as calling a :label as subroutine. In MS terminology it creates a new "batch file context and pass control to the statement after the specified label. The first time the end of the batch file is encountered (that is, after jumping to the label), control returns to the statement after the call statement."
You can use variables set in the called files (if they are not set in a SETLOCAL block), you can access directly labels in the called file.
CMD /C, Pipes ,FOR /F
Other native option is to use CMD /C (the /C switch will force the called console to exit and return the control)
Something that cmd.exe is doing in non transparent way with using FOR /F against bat file or when pipes are used.
This will spawn a child process that will have all the environment ot the calling bat.
Less efficient in terms of resources but as the process is separate ,parsing crashes or calling an EXIT command will not stop the calling .bat
#echo off
CMD /c first.bat
CMD /C second.bat
::not so different than the above lines.
:: MORE,FINDSTR,FIND command will be able to read the piped data
:: passed from the left side
break|third.bat
START
Allows you more flexibility as the capability to start the scripts in separate window , to not wait them to finish, setting a title and so on. By default it starts the .bat and .cmd scripts with CMD /K which means that the spawned scripts will not close automatically.Again passes all the environment to the started scripts and consumes more resources than cmd /c:
:: will be executed in the same console window and will wait to finish
start "" /b /w cmd /c first.bat
::will start in a separate console window and WONT wait to be finished
:: the second console window wont close automatically so second.bat might need explicit exit command
start "" second.bat
::Will start it in a separate window ,but will wait to finish
:: closing the second window will cause Y/N prompt
:: in the original window
start "" /w third.cmd
::will start it in the same console window
:: but wont wait to finish. May lead to a little bit confusing output
start "" /b cmd /c fourth.bat
WMIC
Unlike the other methods from now on the examples will use external of the CMD.exe utilities (still available on Windows by default).
WMIC utility will create completely separate process so you wont be able directly to wait to finish. Though the best feature of WMIC is that it returns the id of the spawned process:
:: will create a separate process with cmd.exe /c
WMIC process call create "%cd%\first.bat","%cd%"
::you can get the PID and monitoring it with other tools
for /f "tokens=2 delims=;= " %%# in ('WMIC process call create "%cd%\second.bat"^,"%cd%" ^|find "ProcessId"') do (
set "PID=%%#"
)
echo %PID%
You can also use it to start a process on a remote machine , with different user and so on.
SCHTASKS
Using SCHTASKS provides some features as (obvious) scheduling , running as another user (even the system user) , remote machine start and so on. Again starts it in completely separate environment (i.e. its own variables) and even a hidden process, xml file with command parameters and so on :
SCHTASKS /create /tn BatRunner /tr "%cd%\first.bat" /sc ONCE /sd 01/01/1910 /st 00:00
SCHTASKS /Run /TN BatRunner
SCHTASKS /Delete /TN BatRunner /F
Here the PID also can acquired from the event log.
ScriptRunner
Offers some timeout between started scripts. Basic transaction capabilities (i.e. rollback on error) and the parameters can be put in a separate XML file.
::if the script is not finished after 15 seconds (i.e. ends with pause) it will be killed
ScriptRunner.exe -appvscript %cd%\first.bat -appvscriptrunnerparameters -wait -timeout=15
::will wait or the first called script before to start the second
:: if any of the scripts exit with errorcode different than 0 will try
:: try to restore the system in the original state
ScriptRunner.exe -appvscript second.cmd arg1 arg2 -appvscriptrunnerparameters -wait -rollbackonerror -appvscript third.bat -appvscriptrunnerparameters -wait -timeout=30 -rollbackonerror
To call a .bat file within a .bat file, use
call foo.bat
(Yes, this is silly, it would make more sense if you could call it with foo.bat, like you could from the command prompt, but the correct way is to use call.)
Simplest Way To Run Multiple Batch Files Parallelly
start "systemLogCollector" /min cmd /k call systemLogCollector.bat
start "uiLogCollector" /min cmd /k call uiLogCollector.bat
start "appLogCollector" /min cmd /k call appLogCollector.bat
Here three batch files are run on separate command windows in a minimized state. If you don't want them minimized, then remove /min. Also, if you don't need to control them later, then you can get rid of the titles. So, a bare-bone command will be- start cmd /k call systemLogCollector.bat
If you want to terminate them, then run these commands-
taskkill /FI "WindowTitle eq appLogCollector*" /T /F
taskkill /FI "WindowTitle eq uiLogCollector*" /T /F
taskkill /FI "WindowTitle eq systemLogCollector*" /T /F
Start msbuild.bat
Start unit-tests.bat
Start deploy.bat
If that doesn't work, replace start with call or try this:
Start msbuild.bat
Goto :1
:1
Start unit-tests.bat
Goto :2
:2
Start deploy.bat
Looking at your filenames, have you considered using a build tool like NAnt or Ant (the Java version). You'll get a lot more control than with bat files.
If you want to open many batch files at once you can use the call command. However, the call command closes the current bat file and goes to another. If you want to open many at once, you may want to try this:
#echo off
start cmd "call ex1.bat&ex2.bat&ex3.bat"
And so on or repeat start cmd "call..." for however many files. This works for Windows 7, but I am not sure about other systems.
Your script should be:
start "msbuild.bat"
start "unit-tests.bat"
start "deploy.bat"
Just use the call command! Here is an example:
call msbuild.bat
call unit-tests.bat
call deploy.bat
With correct quoting (this can be tricky sometimes):
start "" /D "C:\Program Files\ProgramToLaunch" "cmd.exe" "/c call ""C:\Program Files\ProgramToLaunch\programname.bat"""
1st arg - Title (empty in this case)
2nd arg - /D specifies starting directory, can be ommited if want the current working dir (such as "%~dp0")
3rd arg - command to launch, "cmd.exe"
4th arg - arguments to command, with doubled up quotes for the arguments inside it (this is how you escape quotes within quotes in batch)
Running multiple scripts in one I had the same issue. I kept having it die on the first one not realizing that it was exiting on the first script.
:: OneScriptToRunThemAll.bat
CALL ScriptA.bat
CALL ScriptB.bat
EXIT
:: ScriptA.bat
Do Foo
EXIT
::ScriptB.bat
Do bar
EXIT
I removed all 11 of my scripts EXIT lines and tried again and all 11 ran in order one at a time in the same command window.
:: OneScriptToRunThemAll.bat
CALL ScriptA.bat
CALL ScriptB.bat
EXIT
::ScriptA.bat
Do Foo
::ScriptB.bat
Do bar
I know I am a bit late to the party, but here is another way. That is, this method should wait until the first one is done, the second, and so on.
start "" /wait cmd.exe /c msbuild.bat
start "" /wait cmd.exe /c unit-tests.bat
start "" /wait cmd.exe /c deploy.bat
The only issue that may come out of using this method, is that with new instances of cmd.exe being spawned, is that Errorlevel checking is kept within in each instance of cmd.exe.
Or..
start "" /wait call msbuild.bat
start "" /wait call unit-tests.bat
start "" /wait call deploy.bat
Hope this helps.
EDIT: I will try to make it clearer what I actually want.
I have some very long batch files that I want to run in order and only starting after the previous one had completed.
I am trying to control this with a master batch file
I want them starting each in their own window which remains open after completion to look back later
In numerical order:
1.run main batch file
2.open new cmd window
3.run batch file 1
4.waiting for 1 to finish
5.1 finished, keep window open
6.open another new cmd window
7.run batch2
etc
-- original message --
Hi so I have a windows batch file that needs to run other windows batch files sequentially and wait for them to finish before starting the next one.
Something like:
#echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
SET RUN="C:first.bat"
start /wait cmd /c %RUN%
SET RUN="C:second.bat"
start /wait cmd /c %RUN%
where first and second for example just echo something like:
#echo off
echo 1st
exit /b 0
When I run this it starts the first script in a new window and keeps the window open after completing like I want, but to progress to the second script I have to close the new cmd window.
How can I make the main batch script start the second.bat without closing the first.bat cmd window?
Thanks
It is a very unusual requirement that
other batch files should not be processed by the cmd.exe instance processing the main batch file, but by other instances of cmd.exe just to have their outputs in a different console window and
keep each other command process running after finishing the processing of the batch file to be able to view their outputs in their console windows and
wait with further processing of main batch file until processing of a batch file finished by the started separate command process, but do not wait for termination of the started other command processes.
The Windows command processor cmd.exe is not designed for a serialized multi-processing of batch files with multiple instances of itself which finally should keep running.
However, here are three batch files which demonstrate that this is possible with one disadvantage explained later.
Main.bat
#echo off & goto Main
:WaitForBatch
start "Run %~nx1" %ComSpec% /D /S /K "(%ComSpec% /D /C "%~1") & title Finished %~n1"
echo Waiting for finished execution of "%~nx1" ...
:CheckBatchRun
%WaitCommand% >nul
%SystemRoot%\System32\tasklist.exe /NH /FI "IMAGENAME eq cmd.exe" /V | %SystemRoot%\System32\find.exe /I "%~nx1" >nul
if errorlevel 1 goto :EOF
goto CheckBatchRun
:Main
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
title Run %~nx0
if exist %SystemRoot%\System32\timeout.exe (
set "WaitCommand=%SystemRoot%\System32\timeout.exe /T 1"
) else (
set "WaitCommand=%SystemRoot%\System32\ping.exe 127.0.0.1 -n 2"
)
call :WaitForBatch "%~dp0First.bat"
call :WaitForBatch "%~dp0Second.bat"
title Finished %~n0
pause
endlocal
First.bat
#echo off
dir %SystemRoot% /B /S
Second.bat
#echo off
dir %SystemRoot%\*.exe
echo/
pause
Main.bat is coded in a manner expecting First.bat and Second.bat in the same directory as Main.bat, but the other batch files can be also in different directories. The current directory on execution of the three batch files can be any directory.
Main.bat first sets up the execution environment for itself which is:
command echo mode turned off and
command extensions enabled and
delayed expansion disabled.
The window title of the console window of cmd.exe processing Main.bat is modified to show Run Main.bat at beginning.
Next is determined if command TIMEOUT is available in which case this command will be used later for a delay of one second (Windows Vista and later Windows client versions) or if command PING must be used for the one second delay (Windows XP).
Then the subroutine WaitForBatch is called the first time with the batch file First.bat.
The subroutine uses the command START to start one more command process in a new console window with window title Run First.bat with ignoring the AutoRun registry string value which by Windows default does not exist.
This second cmd.exe instance keeps running after execution of the command line specified next with the other arguments is finished. The command line for second cmd.exe requires the execution of a third cmd.exe again with ignoring AutoRun registry string value if existing at all to execute the batch file First.bat specified with fully qualified file name. The third cmd.exe instances closes itself on finishing processing of the batch file.
The second cmd.exe changes now the title of its console window to Finished First. Important is here that the batch file extension is not anymore in the window title.
The first cmd.exe instance processing Main.bat continues with batch file processing already after successful start of second cmd.exe. It uses the command to wait one second and then runs TASKLIST to output all running cmd.exe processes with verbose information which is redirected to command FIND to search case-insensitive for the batch file name First.bat.
As long as there is a cmd.exe process running with First.bat, the first cmd.exe continues batch file processing of Main.bat inside subroutine WaitForBatch in a loop with a jump to CheckBatchRun. Otherwise the subroutine is left and processing of Main.bat continues with the second CALL of WaitForBatch with Second.bat.
Finally Main.bat changes also its window title to Finished Main and prompts the user to press any key in case of Main.bat execution was started with a double click on this file in Windows Explorer.
First.bat takes a very long time to finish as thousands of file names must be output into the console window of second cmd.exe. It is possible to click on the X symbol of console window with title Run First.bat to terminate immediately the execution of second and of third cmd.exe which results in first cmd.exe continues with starting two more cmd.exe for processing Second.bat.
It is also possible to interrupt the long running First.bat by pressing Ctrl+C and answer the prompt for termination of batch job with Y (on English Windows) resulting in third cmd.exe stopping really the processing of First.bat and second cmd.exe keeps running showing the output of First.bat and changing the window title of its console window to Finished First. This is detected by first cmd.exe processing Main.bat and it starts the processing of Second.bat.
The disadvantage of this solution is that on pressing Ctrl+C in console window with title Run First.bat while DIR outputs all the file names and pressing now N (on English Windows) results nevertheless in a termination of the batch job. I am not 100% sure why this happens. I have just a supposition for this behavior.
For understanding the used commands and how they work, open a command prompt window, execute there the following commands, and read entirely all help pages displayed for each command very carefully.
call /?
cmd /?
dir /?
echo /?
endlocal /?
find /?
goto /?
if /?
pause /?
ping /?
setlocal /?
start /?
tasklist /?
timeout /?
title /?
I am writing a batch file which will execute 4 other batch files in parallel:
#echo off
echo %time%
(
start call s1.bat
start call s2.bat
start call s3.bat
start call s4.bat
) | set /P "="
echo %time%
But this is opening 4 new windows.
Can anyone help, how to avoid opening multiple windows and run all those 4 batch files in background?
Adding /B is on of the option, but I don't to where to add it exactly.
(
start /B call s1.bat
start /B call s2.bat
start /B call s3.bat
start /B call s4.bat
) | set /P "="
Is giving me an error:
The process tried to write to a nonexistent pipe.
As I do not want to use VB or any other script, how to do it in batch?
This is a really interesting problem! It seems that there is some conflict with the redirection handles.
The main script awaits execution of the sub-scripts with the following code (on Windows 10):
(
> nul start "" /B cmd /D /C call s1.bat
> nul start "" /B cmd /D /C call s2.bat
> nul start "" /B cmd /D /C call s3.bat
> nul start "" /B cmd /D /C call s4.bat
) | set /P =""
The > nul redirection prevents any data to be written to the pipe |. It seems as soon as there becomes anything written to the standard output handle STDOUT (1), the main script does no longer wait (and sometimes the error message The process tried to write to a nonexistent pipe. arises, possibly depending on how fast the sub-script(s) execute(s)). However, as soon as the /B is removed, output to STDOUT by the sub-scripts does not affect the behaviour of the main script, which waits for all sub-scripts, and > nul is therefore no longer necessary.
The explicit cmd /C part is necessary because start would otherwise implicitly use cmd /K when starting internal commands like call which leave non-terminated processes cmd.exe behind upon completion of the respective sub-script.
The /D switch just prevents any auto-run commands to become executed.
When you use normal start without /B for running the sub-scripts, a new instance of the command interpreter is started, that is the process cmd.exe, and a new instance of the console window is started as a process conhost.exe.
Now using start /B still creates a new process cmd.exe but it uses the current process conhost.exe.
I do not know what exactly happens in the background and how all these processes interact, but it appears to me that the issue is connected to the lack of conhost.exe processes when using start /B. Maybe conhost.exe is establishing the redirection handles and hence the pipe. Anyway, as long as there is nothing written to the pipe, there is nothing to conflict, so set /P ="" waits for the related handle to become closed.
There is this application build process that I am trying to automate. For this i wrote a java file, which runs every 24 hours.
A batch file is called from here that runs the application build whenever it is called.
I've run into a small problem, when the build fails due to incomplete or invalid files, a window pops up which tells me to look at the logs.
Since I haven't written the build files, I'm not really sure where this gets created from. I wanted to know if I can close this window while the process runs from the bat file.
It may be possible using taskkill, but you'd have to devise a filter that would ideally only match the process displaying the window and never match any other process. Something like:
taskkill /im program.exe
or maybe:
taskkill /fi "windowtitle eq title*"
You might also want to include the /f flag for forceful termination.
You'd also have to try and make sure that the taskkill command doesn't run too quickly and precede the creation of the popup window. You could try to query for the existence of such a process/window; your best bet here is probably wmic. Maybe:
#echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set title=Notepad
set pid=
for /f %%i in ('wmic process where "caption like \"%%!title!%%\"" get processid^| findstr /r [0-9]') do #set pid=%%i
if "!pid!" neq "" taskkill /f /pid !pid!
There's no guarantee this will always work, but it's probably the best you can do.
I am working on modifying the script my company uses for imaging pc's. I noticed that in our current script tasks are started like the following example:
#echo off
firststep.bat
secondstep.bat
thirdstep.bat
When running I notice that tasks happen one after another. My idea is to run asynchronously when possible. I looked up several examples of asynchronous process running for CMD and I found two ways that are supposed to run processes asynchronously. They are as follows:
#echo off
REM First Example
start firststep.bat
start secondstep.bat
start thirdstep.bat
and:
#echo off
REM Second Example
start /b firststep.bat
start /b secondstep.bat
start /b thirdstep.bat
I have read that /b signifies you want to run a binary process, but I do not understand fully what the difference between start /b and start is. Which of these is more preferable to be used in this circumstance? Would either of these effectively accomplish my goal of expediting our imaging process or should I be using a different way?
Thanks in advance for all help.
/b runs the program in the same window, without it each process would run in another window which closes when it exits.