This is the output of ls -l command on mac os terminal
drwx------# 47 abhishekkumarjha staff 1598 Nov 15 00:05 Library
drwx------+ 3 abhishekkumarjha staff 102 Apr 9 2015 Movies
What does '#' or '+' symbol signify?
If the file or directory has extended attributes, the permissions field printed by the -l
option is followed by a '#' character. Otherwise, if the file or directory has extended security
information (such as an access control list), the permissions field printed by the -l option is followed by a '+' character.
You can find more info on Apple's developer website and look for The Long Format
Related
I bumped into the fact that MacOS GNU bash5.1.16 "ls" command doesn't differentiate between lower and upper case in the files names ( weird, I know)
e.g.
[17:39:28:~/Work/cloud-formation/output/templates$] ls -l Man*
-rw-r--r-- 1 geoku staff 71244 31 Jan 17:23 ManagementProd.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 geoku staff 67569 31 Jan 17:23 ManagementStage.json
Now, I can get the exactly same file listed with a different command:
[17:44:19:~/Work/cloud-formation/output/templates$] cksum ManagementStage.json Managementstage.JsOn
cksum ManagementStage.json Managementstage.JsOn
3327010753 67569 ManagementStage.json
3327010753 67569 Managementstage.JsOn
Is it some sort of bash settings?
OK, it turns out MacOS disk partitions can be created case-sensitive or not, and default is apparently the second one
Disk utility shows the options when one is trying to create a new partition
enter image description here
I'm checking an alternative to 'find' command in shell scripting so as to eliminate the discrepancy of Accessed date of sub directories.
According to my observation, when find command is executed to list all the files in a directory, the accessed date of sub-directories is getting changed.
I want to post genuine statistics in one of the junk platforms, So I have been looking at some forums and got the alternative with 'ls' command. But that doesn't completely fulfill my request.
Below is the answer given by #ghostdog74.
ls -R %path% | awk '/:$/&&f{s=$0;f=0} /:$/&&!f{sub(/:$/,"");s=$0;f=1;next} NF&&f{ print s"/"$0 }'.
But this finds only the files inside the sub directories. I need all the files and sub-directories' files to be listed.
For example:
bash-3.2# pwd
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport
bash-3.2# ls
**6th floor** manoj17 manoj26.txt manoj36 manoj45.txt manoj55 manoj70.txt manoj80 manoj9.txt **test1**
manoj14 manoj23.txt manoj33 manoj42.txt manoj52 manoj61.txt manoj71 manoj80.txt manoj90 **test2**.
The highlighted ones are sub-directories inside "SleepTimeReport" directory and remaining are just files. So, when I execute the above command, I get only the below output.
bash-3.2# ls -R ~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport | awk '/:$/&&f{s=$0;f=0} /:$/&&!f{sub(/:$/,"");s=$0;f=1;next} NF&&f{ print s"/"$0 }'.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/6th floor/Script to increase the Sleep Time.numbers.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/6th floor/Zone1Sleep.pages.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/New_folder.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/manoj.txt.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/sathish.txt.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/vara.txt.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/New_folder/Script to increase the Sleep Time.numbers.
~/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/test1/New_folder/Zone1Sleep.pages.
i.e.; only those files inside sub-directories are listed.
Brief explanation of what issue I'm facing, please see below
Manojs-MacBook-Pro:SleepTimeReport manojkapalavai$ ls -l
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 8 manojkapalavai staff 272 Sep 14 15:07 6th floor
-rwxr-xr-x 1 manojkapalavai staff 59 Nov 13 10:41 AltrFind.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 manojkapalavai staff 0 Nov 2 15:15 manoj%.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 manojkapalavai staff 0 Nov 2 18:23 manoj1
When I try finding Created time and Accessed Time of the folder 6th floor before using 'find' command, the below is output.
Manojs-MacBook-Pro:SleepTimeReport manojkapalavai$ stat -f '%N, %SB, %Sa' 6th\ floor/
6th floor/, Sep 13 10:34:55 2017, **Nov 13 11:21:33 2017**
Manojs-MacBook-Pro:SleepTimeReport manojkapalavai$ find /Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport/
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport//6th floor
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport//6th floor/.DS_Store
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport//6th floor/Script to increase the Sleep Time.numbers
/Users/manojkapalavai/Desktop/SleepTimeReport//6th floor/Zone1Sleep.pages
Now, after finding all the files inside a directory, below is the output of atime. you can notice the change
Manojs-MacBook-Pro:SleepTimeReport manojkapalavai$ stat -f '%N, %SB, %Sa' 6th\ floor/
6th floor/, Sep 13 10:34:55 2017, **Nov 13 14:26:03 2017**
All tha I have done is just find the files, and atime of sub-folders inside a folder when we find is getting changed to that current time.
Is there any way to solve this?
ls is the wrong tool for programmatic use. Generally, you should be able to fix your find usage to not have an effect on atimes (actually, it's pretty rare for folks to even have atimes enabled at the filesystem level on modern production systems), but if you really want to avoid it, consider the bash globstar option:
shopt -s globstar
for file in **/*; do
echo "Doing whatever with $file"
done
I'm on OS X 10.9.4 and trying to use newsyslog to rotate my app development log files.
More specifically, I want to rotate the files daily but only if they are not empty (newsyslog writes one or two lines to every logfile it rotates, so let's say I only want to rotate logs that are at least 1kb).
I created a file /etc/newsyslog.d/code.conf:
# logfilename [owner:group] mode count size when flags [/pid_file] [sig_num]
/Users/manuel/code/**/log/*.log manuel:staff 644 7 1 $D0 GN
The way I understand the man page for the configuration file is that size and when conditions should work in combination, so logfiles should be rotated every night at midnight only if they are 1kb or larger.
Unfortunately this is not what happens. The log files are rotated every night, no matter if they only the rotation message from newsyslog or anything else:
~/code/myapp/log (master) $ ls
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 6 manuel staff 204B Aug 8 00:17 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 manuel staff 748B Jul 25 14:56 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 manuel staff 64B Aug 8 00:17 development.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 manuel staff 153B Aug 8 00:17 development.log.0
~/code/myapp/log (master) $ cat development.log
Aug 8 00:17:41 localhost newsyslog[81858]: logfile turned over
~/code/myapp/log (master) $ cat development.log.0
Aug 7 00:45:17 Manuels-MacBook-Pro newsyslog[34434]: logfile turned over due to size>1K
Aug 8 00:17:41 localhost newsyslog[81858]: logfile turned over
Any tips on how to get this working would be appreciated!
What you're looking for (rotate files daily unless they haven't logged anything) isn't possible using newsyslog. The man page you referenced doesn't say anything about size and when being combined other than to say that if when isn't specified, than it is as-if only size was specified. The reality is that the log is rotated when either condition is met. If the utility is like its FreeBSD counterpart, it won't rotate logs less than 512 bytes in size unless the binary flag is set.
MacOS' newer replacement for newsyslog, ASL, also doesn't have the behavior you desire. As far as I know, the only utility which has this is logrotate using its notifempty configuration option. You can install logrotate on your Mac using Homebrew
I know that it outputs the "long" version but what do each of the sections mean?
On my mac, when I type in
ls -l /Users
I get
total 0
drwxr-xr-x+ 33 MaxHarris staff 1122 Jul 1 14:06 MaxHarris
drwxrwxrwt 8 root wheel 272 May 20 13:26 Shared
drwxr-xr-x+ 14 admin staff 476 May 17 11:25 admin
drwxr-xr-x+ 44 hugger staff 1496 Mar 17 21:13 hugger
I know that the first line it the permissions, although I don't know what the order is. It would be great if that could be explained too. Then whats the number after it?
Basically, what do each one of these things mean? Why are the usernames written twice sometimes and don't match other times?
The option '-l' tells the command to use a long list format. It gives back several columns wich correspond to:
Permissions
Number of hardlinks
File owner
File group
File size
Modification time
Filename
The first letter in the permissions column show the file's type. A 'd' means a directory and a '-' means a normal file (there are other characters, but those are the basic ones).
The next nine characters are divided into 3 groups, each one a permission. Each letter in a group correspond to the read, write and execute permission, and each group correspond to the owner of the file, the group of the file and then for everyone else.
[ File type ][ Owner permissions ][ Group permissions ][ Everyone permissions ]
The characters can be one of four options:
r = read permission
w = write permission
x = execute permission
- = no permission
Finally, the "+" at the end means some extended permissions.
If you type the command
$ man ls
You’ll get the documentation for ls, which says in part:
The Long Format
If the -l option is given, the following information is displayed for
each file: file mode, number of links, owner name, group name, number of
bytes in the file, abbreviated month, day-of-month file was last modified, hour file last modified, minute file last modified, and the pathname. In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the
total number of 512-byte blocks used by the files in the directory is
displayed on a line by itself, immediately before the information for the
files in the directory. If the file or directory has extended
attributes, the permissions field printed by the -l option is followed by
a '#' character. Otherwise, if the file or directory has extended security information (such as an access control list), the permissions field
printed by the -l option is followed by a '+' character.
…
The man command is short for “manual”, and the articles it shows are called “man pages”; try running man manpages to learn even more about them.
The following information is provided:
permissions
number of linked hardlinks
owner of the file
to which group this file belongs to
size
modification/creation date and time
file/directory name
In terminal, I want to make a bunch of folders appear in a certain order. It isn't alphabetical, but in an unrelated order. When I do this:
mkdir this folder is going to be
The folders all show up correctly in Finder, but alphabetized. I have confirmed that the folder's view options are set to Sort By: None, Arrange By: None.
Is there a different way to accomplish this?
If you really want "no order" you will get unpredictable results. Seems like you want file creation date or file modification date (oldest first) order.
This command:
$mkdir this folder is going to be
is misleading, because you have no idea what algorithm 'mkdir' is using internally to create the folders (unless you read the source), so no idea what order is actually going to result, from the point of view of the filesystem (its not the order you expect).
To be clearer, you need to issue the command once per file
$ mkdir this
$ mkdir folder
$ mkdir is
$ mkdir going
$ mkdir to
$ mkdir be
then you can list in reverse modified-date order:
$ ls -tr
this folder is going to be
$ ls -ltr
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 this
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 folder
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 is
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 going
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 to
drwxr-xr-x 2 user staff 68 6 Jan 20:41 be
on the native mac filesystem hfs+ there is also a 'creation date' flag, which is probably what you want, but this is not very portable across other filesystems.
IN the finder, arrange by > date created
or arrange by > none, view in list view, with 'date created' column showing, and click on it.
You can't; folders are inherently not ordered.