I have a task to write a program in Pascal. When I run the program, the result was exitcode 201.
I don't know how to fix this error.
program convertTime;
uses crt;
Type
Jam = record
hh:integer ;
mm:integer ;
ss:integer;
end;
var
J : Jam;
P,totaldetik,sisa : integer;
begin
J.hh:= 16;
J.mm:= 10;
J.ss:= 34;
write('masukkan waktu(menit): ');read(p);
totaldetik:= (J.hh*3600) + (J.mm*60) + J.ss + (p*60);
J.hh:= totaldetik div 3600;
sisa:= totaldetik mod 3600 ;
J.mm:= sisa div 60;
J.ss:= sisa mod 60;
writeln('total the time: ',J.hh,' Hour ',J.mm,' Minute ',J.ss,' second');
readln;
end.
As seen in other questions, the error code 201 is a range check error. Put simply, a value's trying to be stored where it doesn't fit.
If, as in the linked question, you're using the Free Pascal Compiler, integer variables are 16-bit values – they can't go higher than
32,767.
Your totaldetik variable looks like it would often be higher than the limit for an integer value, so you'll need a larger variable to store it in. Try making totaldetik a longint instead.
Related
I'm currently writing a code the takes a number given a prints all the prime numbers that fit the format 4n+1. This is what I have so far. They problem is that this gives me a runtime error 207 which I think means invalid floating point operation, but I can't see how it ended up doing an invalid floating point operation. The only the code should be dealing with negative numbers in the line "if num-(iter*iter)> then".
program TwoSquares;
var
num, numSqrt, iter, bigSqr,smallSqr: integer;
begin
num:=29;
while num>4 do
begin
numSqrt:=trunc(sqrt(num));
for iter:=2 to numSqrt do
begin
if num mod iter = 0 then
num:=num - 1;
continue;
end;
if (num-1) mod 4 = 0 then
begin
iter:=(num-1) div 4;
while iter>0 do
begin
if num-(iter*iter)>0 then
bigSqr:=iter;
break;
iter:=iter-1;
end;
smallSqr:=trunc(sqrt(num-(iter*iter)));
writeln(num,' ', smallSqr,' ',bigSqr);
num:=num - 1;
end;
end;
end.
Your check is not directly before the place where it is used. Think; is the break; statement after that num-(iter*iter) if-then check the only way that while loop can terminate?
Try to single step your program, this can also verify if the block structure works as you think. It doesn't seem very consistent, with begin..end in some places, and indentation in others.
In pascal programming language i wrote the following code
Program practice;
//**** Function to get back N characters from a P position from a given string
Function get_char(s1:String;n,p :Integer): String;
Var
temp : String;
i : Integer;
Begin
temp:= s1[p];
For i:= p+1 To p+n-1 Do
temp := temp + s1[i];
get_char := temp;
End;
//**** end of the function *****
Var
s1,s2: String;
n,p: Integer;
Begin
Write('Enter the number of char:');
readln(n);
write('Enter the position:' );
readln(p);
write('Enter the string : ');
readln(s1);
write(get_char(s1,n,p));
Readkey;
End.
Know that this function gets back a certain number of characters given by the user from a certain postion in the string .
for example 'hello' with p = 1 and n =2 the result will be 'he' .
Now imagine p is 3 and n =4 then then the output of the function will be 'lloA'.
So my question is what happends in this case or why do we get such a result ? ( please give me details if its related to memory).
When your function reads characters beyond the end of the string, it reads memory content that happens to be in those memory positions, and interpretes that memory content as characters. Memory content beyond the length of a string is not defined, nor predictable. Some compilers add an explicit Char(0) as a terminating character. This zero character is not included in the length of the string.
To prevent wrong return values form your function, you can either,
a) turn range checking on in compiler settings, which will raise runtime errors
b) check that p + n - 1 <= Length(s) and if not, limit reading to Length(s).
Selecting option b gives a freedom to read until the end of any string by passing MaxInt for argument p.
I am trying to get Dep_Code to read as a string after choosing the options given (1, 2 or 3). I first had it set to integer in my first program (I think) and was able to get it to read out the options given as words (Accounts ACC or the others). However, it was accidentally deleted. I've tried various ways to get it even setting Dep_Code as a string but its not working and I keep getting a variety of errors. Btw, I'm not familiar with programming so I'm aware that the following code is quite incorrect... but I hope you all can help. Thank you!
REPEAT
writeln ('Please enter the Department Code:- ');
writeln;
writeln ('1. Accounts (ACC)');
writeln ('2. Human Resources (HR)');
writeln ('3. Operations (OP)');
writeln;
readln (Dep_Code);
IF Dep_Code = 1 THEN
Dep_Code := ('Accounts (ACC)')
ELSE IF Dep_Code = 2 THEN
Dep_Code := ('Human Resources(HR)')
ELSE IF Dep_Code = 3 THEN
Dep_Code := ('Operations (OP)');
UNTIL ((Dep_Code >= 1) AND (Dep_Code <= 3));
This is impossible. Pascal is a strictly typed language, and something cannot be an Integer and a string at the same time, and variables cannot change type either:
IF Dep_Code = 1 THEN
Dep_Code := ('Accounts (ACC)')
But you don't need a string at all. Keep it an integer. The functions that handle the various depts can write or define such strings, if necessary. Your logic for the menu does not need a string variable.
Do something like:
procedure HandleAccounts(var Error: Boolean);
begin
...
end;
// Skipped the other functions to keep this answer short ...
var
Dep_Code: Integer;
AllFine: Boolean;
// Skip the rest of the necessary code ...
repeat
// Skipped the Writelns to keep this answer short ...
Readln(Dep_Code);
Error := False;
case Dep_Code of
1: HandleAccounts(Error);
2: HandleHumanResources(Error);
3: HandleOperations(Error);
else
Error := True;
end;
until not Error;
Above, I skipped some of the code. You can fill in the blanks, I guess.
I don't work with Pascal very often so I apologise if this question is basic. I am working on a binary file program that writes an array of custom made records to a binary file.
Eventually I want it to be able to write multiple arrays of different custom record types to one single binary file.
For that reason I thought I would write an integer first being the number of bytes that the next array will be in total. Then I write the array itself. I can then read the first integer type block - to tell me the size of the next blocks to read in directly to an array.
For example - when writing the binary file I would do something like this:
assignfile(f,MasterFileName);
{$I-}
reset(f,1);
{$I+}
n := IOResult;
if n<> 0 then
begin
{$I-}
rewrite(f);
{$I+}
end;
n:= IOResult;
If n <> 0 then
begin
writeln('Error creating file: ', n);
end
else
begin
SetLength(MyArray, 2);
MyArray[0].ID := 101;
MyArray[0].Att1 := 'Hi';
MyArray[0].Att2 := 'MyArray 0 - Att2';
MyArray[0].Value := 1;
MyArray[1].ID := 102;
MyArray[1].Att1:= 'Hi again';
MyArray[1].Att2:= MyArray 1 - Att2';
MyArray[1].Value:= 5;
SizeOfArray := sizeOf(MyArray);
writeln('Size of character array: ', SizeOfArray);
writeln('Size of integer var: ', sizeof(SizeOfArray));
blockwrite(f,sizeOfArray,sizeof(SizeOfArray),actual);
blockwrite(f,MyArray,SizeOfArray,actual);
Close(f);
Then you could re-read the file with something like this:
Assign(f, MasterFileName);
Reset(f,1);
blockread(f,SizeOfArray,sizeof(SizeOfArray),actual);
blockread(f,MyArray,SizeOfArray,actual);
Close(f);
This has the idea that after these blocks have been read that you can then have a new integer recorded and a new array then saved etc.
It reads the integer parts of the records in but nothing for the strings. The record would be something like this:
TMyType = record
ID : Integer;
att1 : string;
att2 : String;
Value : Integer;
end;
Any help gratefully received!!
TMyType = record
ID : Integer;
att1 : string; // <- your problem
That field att1 declared as string that way means that the record contains a pointer to the actual string data (att1 is really a pointer). The compiler manages this pointer and the memory for the associated data, and the string can be any (reasonable) length.
A quick fix for you would be to declare att1 something like string[64], for example: a string which can be at maximum 64 chars long. That would eliminate the pointer and use the memory of the record (the att1 field itself, which now is a special static array) as buffer for string characters. Declaring the maximum length of the string, of course, can be slightly dangerous: if you try to assign the string a string too long, it will be truncated.
To be really complete: it depends on the compiler; some have a switch to make your declaration "string" usable, making it an alias for "string[255]". This is not the default though. Consider also that using string[...] is faster and wastes memory.
You have a few mistakes.
MyArray is a dynamic array, a reference type (a pointer), so SizeOf(MyArray) is the size of a pointer, not the size of the array. To get the length of the array, use Length(MyArray).
But the bigger problem is saving long strings (AnsiStrings -- the usual type to which string maps --, WideStrings, UnicodeStrings). These are reference types too, so you can't just save them together with the record. You will have to save the parts of the record one by one, and for strings, you will have to use a function like:
procedure SaveStr(var F: File; const S: AnsiString);
var
Actual: Integer;
Len: Integer;
begin
Len := Length(S);
BlockWrite(F, Len, SizeOf(Len), Actual);
if Len > 0 then
begin
BlockWrite(F, S[1], Len * SizeOf(AnsiChar), Actual);
end;
end;
Of course you should normally check Actual and do appropriate error handling, but I left that out, for simplicity.
Reading back is similar: first read the length, then use SetLength to set the string to that size and then read the rest.
So now you do something like:
Len := Length(MyArray);
BlockWrite(F, Len, SizeOf(Len), Actual);
for I := Low(MyArray) to High(MyArray) do
begin
BlockWrite(F, MyArray[I].ID, SizeOf(Integer), Actual);
SaveStr(F, MyArray[I].att1);
SaveStr(F, MyArray[I].att2);
BlockWrite(F, MyArray[I].Value, SizeOf(Integer), Actual);
end;
// etc...
Note that I can't currently test the code, so it may have some little errors. I'll try this later on, when I have access to a compiler, if that is necessary.
Update
As Marco van de Voort commented, you may have to do:
rewrite(f, 1);
instead of a simple
rewrite(f);
But as I replied to him, if you can, use streams. They are easier to use (IMO) and provide a more consistent interface, no matter to what exactly you try to write or read. There are streams for many different kinds of I/O, and all derive from (and are thus compatible with) the same basic abstract TStream class.
I am new in pascal I have a program which gives result ....
I need to pass command line input in in given variable ip1 and ip2.
Its can be achieved by ParamStr[1] but it doesn't work.
program main;
var
output : integer;
var
ip1 : integer;
var
ip2 : integer;
function add(input1,input2:integer) : integer;
var
result: integer;
begin
if (input1 > input2) then
result := input1
else
result := input2;
add := result;
end;
begin
ip1 := 2533;**{ command line input}**
ip2 := 555;**{ command line input}**
output := add(ip1,ip2);
writeln( ' output : ', output );
end.K
As the other answer says, you use ParamCount and ParamStr to access command line parameters.
ParamCount returns the number of parameters passed on the command line, so you should check it first to see if you've received enough information.
ParamStr allows you to access each of the parameters passed. ParamStr(0) always gives you the full name of the executing program (including the path). Additional parameters are retrieved using the ordinal order in which they were passed, with ParamStr(1) being the first, and ParamStr(ParamCount) being the last. Each value received using ParamStr is a string value, and therefore has to be converted into the appropriate type before you can use it.
Here's a working example (pretty trivial, and all error checking omitted - you should, for instance, protect the code using StrToInt to handle errors if something is provided that won't convert to an integer).
program TestParams;
uses
SysUtils;
var
Input1, Input2, Output: Integer;
begin
if ParamCount > 1 then
begin
Input1 := StrToInt(ParamStr(1));
Input2 := StrToInt(ParamStr(2));
Output := Input1 + Input2;
WriteLn(Format('%d + %d = %d', [Input1, Input2, Output]));
end
else
begin
WriteLn('Syntax: ', ParamStr(0)); { Just to demonstrate ParamStr(0) }
WriteLn('There are two parameters required. You provided ', ParamCount);
end;
WriteLn('Press ENTER to exit...');
ReadLn;
end.
Calling it without parameters (or only one) displays the following:
C:\Temp>TestParams
Syntax: C:\Temp\TestParams.exe
There are two parameters required. You provided 0
Press ENTER to exit...
C:\Temp>TestParams 2
Syntax: C:\Temp>TestParams.exe 2
There are two parameters required. You provided 1
Press ENTER to exit...
Calling it with two parameters displays
C:\Temp\TestParams 2 2
2 + 2 = 4
Press ENTER to exit...
You need to understand the difference between a string and an integer.
To convert betwwen an integer such as 123 and the string of characters 1 2 3 you need to use a function. strtoint is one such function, converting a string to an integer. inttostr is another, converting from an integer to a string.
The command-line data is supplied via paramstr(n) as a string.
intvar := strtoint(paramstr(n));
assigns the value of the string to the integer variable intvar.
Whereas writeln has facilities to convert an integer argument to a formatted string, the way you have used it is attempting to output a string, so you need to convert the integer output to a string.
writeln(' output : ', inttostr(output) );
should do that very nicely.
var
x : string;
pcnt : integer;
begin
writeln('Parameter count=',inttostr(paramcount));
for pcnt := 1 to paramcount do
writeln('Parameter ',pcnt, ' of ',paramcount,' = ',paramstr(pcnt));
readln(x);
end.
should display the parameter list.
Indeed it is the case that the writeln procedure will recognise the variable type and take steps to format the value appropriately as a string, as has arrogantly been pointed out.
The issue to me is the difference between a string and an integer. paramstr returns a string which must be converted to an integer. After more than forty years' experience in Pascal, it's my opinion that it's better for a beginner to go through the exercise of converting each way and then use the conversion facility inbuilt in writeln.
First walk, then run. You first need to understand the steps in the procedure. Then you can start using the shortcuts - once you've mastered the basics.