I trying to deploy my server on heroku and I stuck on step where I should use godep, I spent little time with GO, last two days I had looking how to solve this issue, actually it's a popular issue, but I can't figure out, maybe I did something fundamentally wrong.
I have OS X 10.11.2
My GOPATH - Users/denis/Programming/Golang
My PATH - $GOPATH/bin
I trying to use godep to my project which is placed in $GOPATH/src/backend
in my PATH I have an executable godep file(not .go).
Whole structure of my workplace.
/Golang/
.bin/
godep //executable file
.pkg/
.darwin-amd64/
.//other folders/
.src/
.github.com/
.backend/
.//other folders//
First, what is the output of this:
$ echo $PATH
It should, at a minimal to run Go projects, have TWO directories in it for:
/path/to/go/installation/bin (e.g. /usr/local/go/bin)
/path/to/your/GOPATH/bin (e.g. /Users/denis/Programming/Golang/bin)
Your go's installation should be in your PATH already if you followed the Go installation setup.
https://golang.org/doc/install
Since you posted /Users/denis/Programming/Golang, with the capital U, I am going to assume that you are on OS X going forward...
In OS X, and if you used the default install, you can test for Go in your PATH with a simple command:
$ echo $PATH | grep --color=auto "/usr/local/go/bin"
It should print our your entire $PATH and highlight that you have things setup properly. This is because the OS X GoLang installer in the URL above should have modified your PATH to include:
/usr/local/go/bin
or more specifically, it may be export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin"
If you have some custom .bashrc and/or .profile files, then most likely your PATH isn't being setup correctly. You can test this by doing this:
$ export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin"
$ export PATH="$PATH:/Users/denis/Programming/Golang/bin"
$ godep go build
If it works now, then your PATH isn't setup properly in your .bashrc/.profile files. That's a different kind of question and can be setup a 1000 different ways and you may need to figure it out (or another SO question).
If that resolves your issue, then you need to follow the godep directions to run godep from your project's root:
$ cd $GOPATH/src/backend/
$ godep save
$ git add Godeps/
godep creates a Godeps directory in the root of the Go project. If you have multiple Go projects/multiple executables, then you need to run godep save on each root of the runtime.
IOW, for each executable you run go build for, you need to run godep save in each directory.
Also, once you move to godep, you want to use it for your build and testing as well:
$ godep go build
$ godep go test
...etc
If that's not the problem (you are running it as stated above), then please update your question with more specifics such as what godep command you are running, where, and what that directorys structure looks like for the root of that project (including the filename with package main and your func main() function).
Related
I have installed go package. When I go to the instance(VM) and run the command
go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow from a terminal/cmd it is downloading both "src" & "bin" folder under user home directory. But when I run the same command by setting GOPATH in a shell script, it is only downloading the "src" folder but not generating "bin" folder.
SOURCE_DIR="/opt/burrow"
export GOPATH=$SOURCE_DIR/go
go get $BURROW_REPO
Am I missing anything?
Use go install command (Compile and install packages and dependencies).
That command download src to $GOPATH and build it to $GOBIN.
GOBIN may not be set at the moment.
You can check by go env GOBIN. if its empty so you must set with export GOBIN=$(go env GOPATH)/bin
Also, for calling binary files from your terminal, you need to use go install command. This will create related bin file under GOBIN path.
There's a lot going on here.
The first point of your confusion is that go get does not download neither "src" nor "bin": Go packages are always contain only source code, and they typically does not contain the "src" directory in their file and directory hierarchies.
Instead, these directories are artefacts of the the Go toolchain.
The second point of confusion is that since Go 1.8, the Go toolchain uses a fallback value for the GOPATH environment variable if that is not set, and on Unix-like systems it defaults to the directory named "go" under the "home" directory of the user executing the go command.
If this directory is missing, the toolchain will create it.
Hence my stab at your problem is that you have some sort of permissions problem: when GOPATH is unset, "$HOME/go" is used — with whatever value $HOME expands to for the current user; when you set GOPATH by hand, something prevents creation of the "bin" directory under $GOPATH.
There's another possibility: you also set the GOBIN environment variable, which, when set, overrides the usual location used to install binaries built by go install (and go get).
You might study the output of go help environment to read more on the subject.
In either case, the most sensible path forward is to run go install with the -x command-line option and see where the command tries to put the generated executable image, and why this fails (if at all).
You might study the output of go help install and go help build to read more on the subject.
You might also consider forcing usage of Go modules for your particular case:
running GO111MODULES=on go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow would work like five times faster for your use case.
Be sure to study the output of go help modules and go help mod-get first.
bin folder or src folders are not automatically created for you by the go get command. Here are the standard steps creating a new project in go assuming this the first time you are creating a project in go:
Under your workspace directory, create a project directory, say "project1" bin, src directories.
Set GOPATH, GOBIN:
export GOPATH=~/workspace/project1/
export GOBIN=~/workspace/project1/bin
Now if you need just the source code, do a go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow
or if you need a binary do a go install github.com/linkedin/Burrow
The binary will be stored under ~/workspace/project1/bin and source code under ~/workspace/project1/
Same steps would apply either if your creating your project through a make file or terminal
Im not very good with Go and I am having a lot of problems with understanding how common website features are made, so I thought it would be good to see a real example. I tried building https://github.com/golang/blog but its not working.
My gopath is apparently C:/Users/me/go as it should be.
*Edit Except if I run cd $GOPATH/src, it says C:\src doesnt exist, it looks in C: not C:/Users
Method 1. (running go get -u golang.org/x/blog)
I open Powershell and run that in my Users/me/go/src directory and it says:
can't load package: package golang.org: no Go files in
C:\Users\me\go\src\golang.org
But it does download the source files. So its basically this step?
'u can manually git clone the repository to $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/blog.'
Then I dont know where to run go build or what to run. I tried
go build -o blog.exe ./blog
and it says
can't load package: package blog: cannot find package "blog" in any of:
C:\Go\src\blog (from $GOROOT)
C:\Users\me\go\src\blog (from $GOPATH)
I tried running the same command in different directories of the project and doesnt work.
I'll try to answer your questions. (Note that I am a Linux user, so there may be some discrepancies with the Windows commands below. You may want to follow these directions: http://www.wadewegner.com/2014/12/easy-go-programming-setup-for-windows/ to setup the GOROOT environment variable.)
For method 1, the -u flag tells go to update the source code. Since you haven't downloaded it before, it lets you know with the error you see. What you want to run is go get golang.org/x/blog.
To build the package, you first want to change the directory (cd) to the package root, so cd %GOPATH%\src\golang.org\x\blog or cd C:\Users\me\go\src\golang.org\x\blog. Next, you want to run go build. Then, you can run the output file, which should automatically be named blog.exe.
Hopefully this helps! :)
If I had a compiled Golang program that I wanted to install such that I could run it with a bash command from anywhere on my computer, how would I do that? For example, in nodejs
npm install -g express
Installs express such that I can run the command
express myapp
and express will generate a file directory for a node application called "myapp" in whatever my current directory is. Is there an equivalent command for go? I believe now with the "go install" command you have to be in the directory that contains the executable in order to run it
Thanks in advance!
Update: If you're using Go 1.16, this answer still works, but go install has changed and is now the recommended method for installing executable packages. See Karim's answer for an explanation: https://stackoverflow.com/a/68559728/10490740
Using Go >= 1.11, if your current directory is within a module-based project, or you've set GO111MODULE=on in your environment, go get will not install packages "globally". It will add them to your project's go.mod file instead.
As of Go 1.11.1, setting GO111MODULE=off works to circumvent this behavior:
GO111MODULE=off go get github.com/usr/repo
Basically, by disabling the module feature for this single command, it will install to GOPATH as expected.
Projects not using modules can still go get normally to install binaries to $GOPATH/bin.
There's a lengthy conversation and multiple issues logged about this change in behavior branching from here: golang/go - cmd/go: go get should not add a dependency to go.mod #27643.
Starting with Go >= 1.16 the recommended way to install an executable is to use
go install package#version
For example, go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags#latest.
Executables (main packages) are installed to the directory named by the GOBIN environment variable, which defaults to $GOPATH/bin or $HOME/go/bin if the GOPATH environment variable is not set. You need to add this directory to your PATH variable to run executables globally. In my case, I've added this line to my ~/.zshrc file. (if you are using bash, add it to the ~/.bash_profile file):
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
Go team published a blog post about this change, here's the explanation quote:
We used to recommend go get -u program to install an executable, but this use caused too much confusion with the meaning of go get for adding or changing module version requirements in go.mod.
Refer to go install documentation for more details
As far as I know, there is no direct equivalent to npm install -g. The closest equivalent would not be go install, but go get. From the help page (go help get):
usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-fix] [-insecure] [-t] [-u] [build flags] [packages]
Get downloads and installs the packages named by the import paths,
along with their dependencies.
By default, go get installs binaries to $GOPATH/bin, so the easiest way to make those binaries callable from everywhere is to add that directory to your $PATH.
For this, put the following line into your .bashrc (or .zshrc, depending on which shell you're using):
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
Alternatively, you could also copy or link the executables to /usr/local/bin:
ln -s $GOPATH/bin/some-binary /usr/local/bin/some-binary
Short solution for Linux users:
Use the go get command as usual
Add the following lines to .bashrc:
# This is the default GOPATH, you should confirm with the 'go env' command
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Restart terminal or source it. Installed binaries will be available globally.
For Go v1.8+
go install package_name#latest
Caveat: this answer is outdated following the 2020 deprecation of go get. The solution presented here won't work with newer Go runtime installs.
The closest analogue of this in Go would be go get. By default, it will fetch a Go package from a supplied repository URL, and requires a $GOPATH variable to be set in your shell so that Go knows where to store the packages (and subsequently where to find them when compiling code depending on go get-ted packages).
Example syntax:
$ go get github.com/user/repo
The behaviour supplied by npm's -g flag is default, and packages installed using go get are normally available globally.
See go get --help for more information about the command.
As mentioned by #helmbert, adding your $GOPATH to your $PATH is useful if you're installing standalone packages.
if you are using zsh :
first: install your package using :
go install package#version
then , you edit your .zshrc file
nano ~/.zshrc
Add this line to the end of .zshrc file :
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
last but not least :
source ~/.zshrc
then open a new terminal and execute your command :)
TL;DR at the bottom. I'm going to walk you through how I came to this conclusion, and why the more obvious solutions don't work.
Upon seeing this question, I thought "If I could set root's GOPATH=/usr, it would install things in /usr/bin/ and /usr/src!"
So I tried the obvious thing:
Add GOPATH=/usr to root's .bashrc.
And it worked!
Sort of.
Not really.
Turns out, sudo doesn't execute root's .bashrc. For "security" or something like that.
Do env_set or something in /etc/sudoers
Turns out, /etc/sudoers can only remove environment variables. There's no env_set directive.
(As far as I can find)
Dig through man sudoers.
Where does sudo get it's default set of environment variables from?
Well, the first one in the list is /etc/environment, so that's the one I used.
sudo echo "GOPATH=/usr" >> /etc/environment
sudo go get <repo>
Binaries will be put in /usr/bin, and sources will be put in /usr/src.
Running go as non-root will use GOPATH the "normal" way.
If you don't have go installed, you may use the gobinaries. it builds an on-demand binary of the project from github repo.
The command to install the go package would be:
curl -sf https://gobinaries.com/rakyll/hey | sh
Just installed Go on Mac OS X, Yosemite Version 10.10.3, as explained in the Getting Started page of the official website:
Mac OS X package installer
Download the package file, open it, and follow the prompts to install
the Go tools. The package installs the Go distribution to
/usr/local/go.
The package should put the /usr/local/go/bin directory in your PATH
environment variable. You may need to restart any open Terminal
sessions for the change to take effect.
I am now in the Test your installation section, which states:
Check that Go is installed correctly by building a simple program, as
follows.
Create a file named hello.go and put the following program in it:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Printf("hello, world\n") }
Then run it with the go tool:
$ go run hello.go
hello, world
If you see the "hello, world" message then your Go installation is
working.
So, I created a hello.go file and, since I could not (ie: did not know how to) access the /usr/local/go/bin directory, I saved it on my desktop.
Obviously, I got the following error message:
stat hello.go: no such file or directory
So, where should I save my Go files to be able to run them?
UPDATE: after some research, I stumbled upond this video, explaining how to set the GOPATH.
If I want my Go workspace to be in user/code/go, how should I write my export GOPATH= command?
if your are using docker compose up/down to build image. You need to run
docker compose build
after changes in Dockerfile.
In my case, it was as simple as right clicking the file, and then clicking 'open in integrated terminal.' Then, to run your file type 'go run filename.go'
The GOPATH and PATH environment variables
The GOPATH environment variable specifies the location of your workspace. It defaults to a directory named go inside your home directory ($HOME/go).
If you really want to change your GOPATH to something else add GOPATH to your shell/bash/zsh initialization file .bash_profile, .bashrc or .zshrc.
export GOPATH=/something-else
Add GOPATH/bin directory to your PATH environment variable so you can run Go programs anywhere.
export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin
Following the explanation of Andrew Gerrand in Writing, building, installing, and testing Go code, I configured my Go workspace as follows:
1. Create workspace
First, since I want my Go code to be in my_user_name/code/go, I started by creating the corresponding folder:
$ cd code
$ mkdir go
2. Setup GOPATH
Then I configured the GOPATH:
$ cd
$ export GOPATH=$HOME/code/go
$ cd code/go
3. Add files to workspace
Last, I manually (through the Finder) moved my hello.go file into the workspace and ran:
$ go run hello.go
Worked like a charm.
I'm at the point where want to organize my Go web server into packages. Currently I have everything in a few files and I simply type: 'go run server.go foo.go bar.go'
How do I organize my files so I don't need to keep adding files to the command line. I've investigated the GOPATH variable but it doesn't seem to work.
export GOPATH=$HOME/myserver
I moved my files to the src/ subdirectory.
myserver/src/server.go
myserver/src/foo.go
myserver/src/bar.go
Shouldn't 'go run' search $HOME/myserver/src for all go files?
I've tried these examples but they don't work.
go run server.go; # Doesn't work
go run src/server.go; # Doesn't work
By the way, all files are in 'package main'
This info is covered really well on golang.org
Read this about how to write Go code
And this about organizing go code
Tip: you can run go run * to run all files in a folder
Your above example should look something like this
$GOPATH=$HOME
The GOPATH should have:
$GOPATH
src/
pkg/
bin/
$GOPATH/src is where you would store your source code for each go project
$GOPATH/src/myserver would contain your myserver program
cd to $GOPATH/src/myserver and run go install and you would now have your myserver binary located at $GOPATH/bin/myserver
Add the location of your bin to your path export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin and you can run myserver to start your go program
go run will look for a file (or wildcard) in your current working directory.
If you would like to run your programs from anywhere, either use go build same as you would go run and move the binaries where appropriate or, better yet, set your $GOBIN environment variable and add it your $PATH -- then run go install * in your project directory.
It's also probably a good idea to make specific directories for projects instead just dumping it all in $GOPATH/src