The code below reads its values from this file:
2 3\n
1.0 2.0 3.0\n
-1.0 -2.0 -3.0\n
And should print:
[ {1 2 3}, {-1 -2 -3} ]
But instead I get this:
[{2 [31 2 3]} {0 []}] strconv.ParseFloat: parsing "3.0-1.0": invalid syntax
It seems that the reader.ReadLine() stays at the same location. Is there a simpler way to scan lines, then values inside each line?
package main
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
type Example struct {
classLabel int
attributes []float64
}
func NewExample(classLabel int, attributes []float64) *Example {
return &Example{classLabel, attributes}
}
func readFile(path string) ([]Example, error) {
var (
result []Example
err error
file *os.File
part []byte
size int
attributeNum int
)
if file, err = os.Open(path); err != nil {
return result, err
}
defer file.Close()
reader := bufio.NewReader(file)
buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0))
if part, _, err = reader.ReadLine(); err != nil {
return result, err
}
buffer.Write(part)
newLine := buffer.String()
fmt.Println("newLine=" + newLine)
r := strings.NewReader(newLine)
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
if scanner.Scan() {
size, err = strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
}
fmt.Println("size=" + strconv.Itoa(size))
if scanner.Scan() {
attributeNum, err = strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
}
fmt.Println("attributeNum=" + strconv.Itoa(attributeNum))
result = make([]Example, size)
var classLabel int
var attributes []float64
for k := 0; k < size; k++ {
if part, _, err = reader.ReadLine(); err != nil {
return result, err
}
buffer.Write(part)
newLine := buffer.String()
fmt.Println("newLine=" + newLine)
r := strings.NewReader(newLine)
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
if scanner.Scan() {
classLabel, err = strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
}
fmt.Println("classLabel=" + strconv.Itoa(classLabel))
for i := 0; i < attributeNum; i++ {
var attribute float64
if scanner.Scan() {
attribute, err = strconv.ParseFloat(scanner.Text(), 64)
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
attributes = append(attributes, attribute)
fmt.Println("attribute=" + strconv.FormatFloat(attribute, 'f', -1, 64))
}
}
result[k] = *NewExample(classLabel, attributes)
}
return result, scanner.Err()
}
func main() {
example, err := readFile("test.txt")
fmt.Println(example, err)
}
When you do this inside the for loop:
buffer.Write(part)
newLine := buffer.String()
fmt.Println("newLine=" + newLine)
The next line gets appended to buffer.
That is,
before the loop begins, buffer contains 2 3,
and then after reading 1.0 2.0 3.0,
it gets appended to buffer,
so the content becomes 2 31.0 2.0 3.0,
which you store in newLine.
That's where things start to go sideways.
You probably want to clear the buffer before reading each new line:
buffer.Reset()
buffer.Write(part)
newLine := buffer.String()
fmt.Println("newLine=" + newLine)
But then you will have further problems still, here:
if scanner.Scan() {
classLabel, err = strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
}
Since the line contains 1.0 2.0 3.0, the strconf.Atoi is going to fail.
I don't understand the purpose of this snippet,
perhaps you can delete it (or comment out).
With the above fixed, you will still have one more problem, on this line:
attributes = append(attributes, attribute)
Since attributes is never reset, it keeps growing.
That is, after the first line, it will contain 1 2 3,
and after the second line it will contain 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3.
You could correct that by moving the declaration of attributes without the outer loop, like this:
var attributes []float64
for i := 0; i < attributeNum; i++ {
var attribute float64
if scanner.Scan() {
attribute, err = strconv.ParseFloat(scanner.Text(), 64)
if err != nil {
return result, err
}
attributes = append(attributes, attribute)
fmt.Println("attribute=" + strconv.FormatFloat(attribute, 'f', -1, 64))
}
}
Related
I have the following input, where on the first line is N - count of numbers, and on the second line N numbers, separated by space:
5
2 1 0 3 4
In Python I can read numbers without specifying its count (N):
_ = input()
numbers = list(map(int, input().split()))
How can I do the same in Go? Or I have to know exactly how many numbers are?
You can iterate through a file line-by-line using bufio, and the strings module can split a string into a slice. So that gets us something like:
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
func main() {
readFile, err := os.Open("data.txt")
defer readFile.Close()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fileScanner := bufio.NewScanner(readFile)
fileScanner.Split(bufio.ScanLines)
for fileScanner.Scan() {
// get next line from the file
line := fileScanner.Text()
// split it into a list of space-delimited tokens
chars := strings.Split(line, " ")
// create an slice of ints the same length as
// the chars slice
ints := make([]int, len(chars))
for i, s := range chars {
// convert string to int
val, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// update the corresponding position in the
// ints slice
ints[i] = val
}
fmt.Printf("%v\n", ints)
}
}
Which given your sample data will output:
[5]
[2 1 0 3 4]
Since you know the delimiter and you only have 2 lines, this is also a more compact solution:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"regexp"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
func main() {
parts, err := readRaw("data.txt")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
n, nums, err := toNumbers(parts)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%d: %v\n", n, nums)
}
// readRaw reads the file in input and returns the numbers inside as a slice of strings
func readRaw(fn string) ([]string, error) {
b, err := os.ReadFile(fn)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return regexp.MustCompile(`\s`).Split(strings.TrimSpace(string(b)), -1), nil
}
// toNumbers plays with the input string to return the data as a slice of int
func toNumbers(parts []string) (int, []int, error) {
n, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[0])
if err != nil {
return 0, nil, err
}
nums := make([]int, 0)
for _, p := range parts[1:] {
num, err := strconv.Atoi(p)
if err != nil {
return n, nums, err
}
nums = append(nums, num)
}
return n, nums, nil
}
The output out be:
5: [2 1 0 3 4]
I need to read specific lines of a file at one time (for example, 10 lines one time), and read from the next line (11) of last read position next time I read the file, and continue to read 10 lines.
There's no available library function to read specific number of lines. Although
you can implement something like this to do the same. Working example here
func readLines(n int, r io.Reader) ([]string, error) {
rd := bufio.NewReader(r)
var (
lines = make([]string, 0, n)
bs []byte
done bool
)
for {
if done || len(lines) == n {
break
}
bss, isPrefix, err := rd.ReadLine()
if err != nil {
if err != io.EOF {
return nil, err
}
done = true
}
bs = append(bs, bss...)
if isPrefix {
continue
}
lines = append(lines, string(bs))
bs = make([]byte, 0)
}
return lines, nil
}
This is the function I wrote, and seems it works
func ReadLine(inputFile io.ReadSeeker, startPos int64, lineNum int) (slice []string, lastPos int64, err error) {
r := bufio.NewReader(inputFile)
var line string
inputFile.Seek(startPos, os.SEEK_SET)
lastPos = startPos
for i := 0; i < lineNum; i++ {
line, err = r.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
break
}
lastPos += int64(len(line))
slice = append(slice, line)
}
return
}
I'm having an issue. Here is my code:
package main
import (
"math/rand"
"image/draw"
"image/png"
"image/color"
"strconv"
"os"
"time"
"fmt"
)
func genSites(width, height int) ([][]int) {
rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())
l, err := strconv.Atoi(os.Args[len(os.Args)-2])
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
sites := make([][]int, l)
for i := range sites {
sites[i] = make([]int, 2)
sites[i][0] = rand.Intn(width)
sites[i][1] = rand.Intn(height)
}
return sites
}
func main() {
inputF, err := os.Open(os.Args[len(os.Args)-3])
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer inputF.Close()
inputR, err := png.Decode(inputF)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
input := inputR.(draw.Image)
minx, miny := input.Bounds().Min.X, input.Bounds().Min.Y
maxx, maxy := input.Bounds().Max.X-1, input.Bounds().Max.Y-1
sites := genSites(maxx-minx, maxy-miny)
siteColors := make([][]color.Color, len(sites))
//todo: figure out something better than this
for i := range siteColors {
siteColors[i] = make([]color.Color, (maxx-minx)*(maxy-miny))
}
siteBelongs := make([][]int, maxx - minx)
for x := range siteBelongs {
siteBelongs[x] = make([]int, maxy - miny)
for y := range siteBelongs[x] {
dmin := (maxx-minx)*(maxx-minx) + (maxy-miny)*(maxy-miny)
var smin int
for i, s := range sites {
d := (s[0]-x)*(s[0]-x) + (s[1]-y)*(s[1]-y)
if d > dmin {
smin = i
dmin = d
}
}
siteBelongs[x][y] = smin
siteColors[smin] = append(siteColors[smin], input.At(x+minx, y+miny))
}
}
siteAvgColors := make([]color.Color, len(sites))
for i := range siteAvgColors {
var sR, sG, sB, sA int
for _, val := range siteColors[i] {
fmt.Println(val)
r, g, b, a := val.RGBA()
sR += int(r)
sG += int(g)
sB += int(b)
sA += int(a)
}
siteAvgColors[i] = color.RGBA{
uint8(sR/len(siteColors[i])),
uint8(sG/len(siteColors[i])),
uint8(sB/len(siteColors[i])),
uint8(sA/len(siteColors[i]))}
}
for x := range siteBelongs {
for y := range siteBelongs[x] {
input.Set(minx + x, miny + y, siteAvgColors[siteBelongs[x][y]])
}
}
output, err := os.Create(os.Args[len(os.Args)-1])
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer output.Close()
err = png.Encode(output, input)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
The error is this:
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
[signal SIGSEGV: segmentation violation code=0x1 addr=0x18 pc=0x4b46e1]
goroutine 1 [running]:
main.main()
/home/victor/programs/goprograms/src/v/imagerandvornoi/main.go:71 +0x7a1
Line 71 is the one that says r, g, b, a := val.RGBA(). That val is inserted at line 63, or siteColors[smin] = append(siteColors[smin], input.At(x+minx, y+miny)), which means that input.At is returning nil. Why? How can I fix this?
This has to do with the semantics of the make() builtin within Go. make is special in that it can take two or three arguments:
make(Type, length) or make(Type, length, capacity). For the former, the length and capacity are set to the same value. If you're going to be assigning values to the slice using append, you're going to want to use the latter form. This is because the two argument form (make(Type, 10)) builds a slice with 10 elements in it already with the zero value, when you use append() it becomes the 11th item.
You're hitting a nil derefernece here because you're using the two-argument version of make with append, and so the first item in the slice is nil.
I'm trying to read input from stdin like
3 2 1<ENTER>
and save it in a list of ints. At the moment my code looks like this:
nums = make([]int, 0)
var i int
for {
_, err := fmt.Scan(&i)
if err != nil {
if err==io.EOF { break }
log.Fatal(err)
}
nums = append(nums, i)
}
at the moment the program never leaves the for-loop. I can't find an easy way to check for a newline character in the documentation. how would i do this?
Edit:
Since I know that there will almost certainly be four numbers, I tried the following:
var i0,i1,i2,i3 int
fmt.Scanf("%d %d %d %d\n", &i0, &i1, &i2, &i3)
but this only scanned the first number and then exited the program. I'm not sure if that's because of the z-shell I'm using.
Edit:
To clarify, the program will pause and ask for the user to input a list of n numbers separated by spaces and terminated with a newline. these numbers should be stored in an array.
Ok, I decided to bring out the large bufio hammer and solve it like this:
in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
line, err := in.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
strs := strings.Split(line[0:len(line)-1], " ")
nums := make([]int, len(strs))
for i, str := range strs {
if nums[i], err = strconv.Atoi(str); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
It does seem like an awful lot of code, but it works.
It seems that you want https://golang.org/pkg/fmt/#Fscanln
Something like
ok := func(err error) { if err != nil { panic(err) } }
for {
var i, j, k int
_, err := fmt.Fscanln(io.Stdin, &i, &j, &k)
ok(err)
fmt.Println(i, j, k)
}
I will suggest to use "bufio" package with the "scan()" method.
Following is the code where I'm reading two lines from "stdin" and storing the lines into an array.
Hope this helps you.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"bufio"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
func ReadInput() []string{
var lines []string
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
for scanner.Scan() {
lines = append(lines, scanner.Text())
//count, _ := strconv.Atoi(lines[0])
if len(lines) == 2 { break }
}
if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
}
return lines
}
func main(){
lines := ReadInput()
count ,_ := strconv.Atoi(lines[0])
num := strings.Fields(lines[1])
if count != len(num) { os.Exit(0) }
// Do whatever you want here
}
Two lines will be accepted. First line will have a count. Second line will have all the numbers. You can modify the same code as per your requirement.
Example:
3
1 5 10
I would like to read a slice of strings representing hexadecimal numbers, and decode them to a slice of byte slices ([]string --> [][]byte). This is my code so far:
func (self *algo_t) decode_args(args []string) ([][]byte, error) {
var data [][]byte
for i := uint32(0); i < self.num_args; i++ {
data = make([][]byte, self.num_args)
tmp, err := hex.DecodeString(args[i])
fmt.Printf("i = %d\ttmp = %x\n", i, tmp)
data[i] = make([]byte, len(tmp))
copy(data[i], tmp)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error decoding hex string %s: %s\n", args[i], err.Error())
return nil, err
}
}
fmt.Printf("line 69\tdata[0] = %x\tdata[1] = %x\tdata[2] = %x\n",data[0], data[1], data[2])
return data, nil
}
calling this code and passing args = []string{"010203","040506","070809"} yields the following output:
i = 0 tmp = 010203
i = 1 tmp = 040506
i = 3 tmp = 070809
line 69 data[0] = data[1] = data[2] = 070809
Presumably the function returns [][]byte{[]byte{}, []byte{}, []byte{0x07, 0x08, 0x09}}.
I understand that this is because of the pointer behavior of Go; what is the best practice for doing a deep copy of this kind?
For example,
package main
import (
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
)
// Decode hex []string to [][]byte
func decode(s []string) ([][]byte, error) {
b := make([][]byte, len(s))
for i, ss := range s {
h, err := hex.DecodeString(ss)
if err != nil {
err = fmt.Errorf(
"Error decoding hex string %s: %s\n",
ss, err.Error(),
)
return nil, err
}
b[i] = h
}
return b, nil
}
func main() {
s := []string{"010203", "040506", "070809"}
fmt.Println(s)
b, err := decode(s)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
} else {
fmt.Println(b)
}
s = []string{"ABCDEF", "012345", "09AF"}
fmt.Println(s)
b, err = decode(s)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
} else {
fmt.Println(b)
}
s = []string{"01", "123XYZ"}
fmt.Println(s)
b, err = decode(s)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
} else {
fmt.Println(b)
}
}
Output:
[010203 040506 070809]
[[1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9]]
[ABCDEF 012345 09AF]
[[171 205 239] [1 35 69] [9 175]]
[01 123XYZ]
Error decoding hex string 123XYZ: encoding/hex: invalid byte: U+0058 'X'
There is a package built specifically to handle deep copy: http://godoc.org/code.google.com/p/rog-go/exp/deepcopy
You can look at the source here: https://code.google.com/p/rog-go/source/browse/exp/deepcopy/deepcopy.go. It covers copying slices and pointers, so it should cover your case.