I am trying to execute some commands and one of which will not come back to console and need to explicitly bring it using ctrl+ c. After that I need to execute some more commands in that script.
expect "$ "
send "sh /root/jboss-eap-6.3/bin/standalone.sh\r"
set timeout 10
expect "$ "
I have to run other commands after executing standalone.sh script. But it will hold and not come back to console.
I tried
trap {
send \x03
send_user "You pressed Ctrl+C\n"
} SIGINT
.
But that also didn't worked.
Thanks in advance.
There are all sorts of ways to kill a process in bash. If you by some chance know the name of your (jboss eap) process you could run pkill processName, killall processName or kill pidof processName instead of trying to send key-strokes.
The expect has been installed, it_a_test is the vps password.
scp /home/wpdatabase_backup.sql root#vps_ip:/tmp
The command can transfer file /home/wpdatabase_backup.sql into my vps_ip:/tmp.
Now i rewrite the process into the following code:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn scp /home/wpdatabase_backup.sql root#vps_ip:/tmp
expect "password:"
send it_is_a_test\r
Why can't transfer my file into remote vps_ip with expect?
Basically, expect will work with two feasible commands such as send and expect. In this case, if send is used, then it is mandatory to have expect (in most of the cases) afterwards. (while the vice-versa is not required to be mandatory)
This is because without that we will be missing out what is happening in the spawned process as expect will assume that you simply need to send one string value and not expecting anything else from the session, making the script exits and causing the failure.
So, you just have to add one expect to wait for the closure of the scp command which can be performed by waiting for eof (End Of File).
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn scp /home/wpdatabase_backup.sql root#vps_ip:/tmp
expect "password:"
send "it_is_a_test\r"
expect eof; # Will wait till the 'scp' completes.
Note :
The default timeout in expect is 10 seconds. So, if the scp completes, within 10 seconds, then no problem. Suppose, if the operation takes more than that, then expect will timeout and quit, which makes failure in scp transfer. So, you can set increase timeout if you want which can be modified as
set timeout 60; # Timeout is 1 min
I have an expect script that logs into several computers through ssh and starts programs. It has been working fine for a while from but now suddenly a problem has appeared.
It happens at the same time every run; after logging out of a certain computer it attempts to log into the next one before the prompt is ready. That is, the lines
#!/usr/bin/expect
set multiPrompt {[#>$] }
(...)
expect -re $multiPrompt
send "exit\r"
expect -re $multiPrompt
spawn ssh name#computer4.place.com
which should (and normally does) give the result
name#computer3:~$ exit
logout
Connection to computer3.place.com closed.
name#computer1:~$ ssh name#computer4.place.com
instead gives
name#computer3:~$ exit
logout
ssh name#computer4.place.com
Connection to computer3.thphys.nuim.ie closed.
name#computer1:~$
and then it goes bananas. In other words the ssh ... doesn't wait for the prompt to appear.
I'm trying to address an issue with an Expect script that logs into a very large number of devices (thousands). The script is about 1500 lines and fairly involved; its job is to audit managed equipment on a network with many thousands of nodes. As a result, it logs into the devices via telnet, runs commands to check on the health of the equipment, logs this information to a file, and then logs out to proceed to the next device.
This is where I'm running into my problem; every expect in my script includes a timeout and an eof like so:
timeout {
lappend logmsg "$rtrname timed out while <description of expect statement>"
logmessage
close
wait
set session 0
continue
}
eof {
lappend logmsg "$rtrname disconnected while <description of expect statement>"
logmessage
set session 0
continue
}
My final expect closes each spawn session manually:
-re "OK.*#" {
close
send_user "Closing session... "
wait
set session 0
send_user "closed.\n\n"
continue
}
The continues bring the script back to the while loop that initiates the next spawn session, assuming session = 0.
The set session 0 tracks when a spawn session closes either manually by the timeout or via EOF before a new spawn session is opened, and everything seems to indicate that the spawn sessions are being closed, yet after a thousand or so spawned sessions, I get the following error:
spawn telnet <IP removed>
too many programs spawned? could not create pipe: too many open files
Now, I'm a network engineer, not a UNIX admin or professional programmer, so can someone help steer me towards my mistake? Am I closing telnet spawn sessions but not properly closing a channel? I wrote a second, test script, that literally just connects to devices one by one and disconnects immediately after a connection is formed. It doesn't log in or run any commands as my main script does, and it works flawlessly through thousands of connections. That script is below:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
#SPAWN TELNET LIMIT TEST
set ifile [open iad.list]
set rtrname ""
set sessions 0
while {[gets $ifile rtrname] != -1} {
set timeout 2
spawn telnet $rtrname
incr sessions
send_user "Session# $sessions\n"
expect {
"Connected" {
close
wait
continue
}
timeout {
close
wait
continue
}
eof {
continue
}
}
In my main script I'm logging every single connection and why they may EOF or timeout (via the logmessage process which writes a specific reason to a file), and even when I see nothing but successful spawned connections and closed connections, I get the same problem with my main script but not the test script.
I've been doing some reading on killing process IDs, but as I understand it, close should be killing the process ID of the current spawn session, and wait should be halting the script until the process is dead. I've also tried using a simple "exit" command from the devices to close the telnet connection, but this doesn't produce any better results.
I may simply need a suggestion on how to better track the opening and closing of my sessions and ensure that, between devices, no spawn sessions remain open. Any help that can be offered will be much appreciated.
Thank you!
The Error?
spawn telnet too many programs spawned? could not create
pipe: too many open files
This error is likely due to your system running out of file handles (or at least exhausting the count available to you).
I suspect the reason for this is abandoned telnet sessions which are left open.
Now let's talk about why they may still be hanging around.
Not Even, Close?
Close may not actually close the telnet connection, especially if telnet doesn't recognize the session has been closed, only expect's session with telnet (See: The close Command). In this case Telnet is most likely being kept alive waiting for more input from the network side and by a TCP keepalive.
Not all applications recognize close, which is presented as an EOF to the receiving application. Because of this they may remain open even when their input has been closed.
Tell "Telnet", It's Over.
In that case, you will need to interrupt telnet. If your intent is to complete some work and exit. Then that is exactly what we'll need to do.
For "telnet" you can cleanly exit by issuing a "send “35\r”" (which would be "ctrl+]" on the keyboard if you had to type it yourself) followed by "quit" and then a carriage return. This will tell telnet to exit gracefully.
Expect script: start telnet, run commands, close telnet
Excerpt:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 1
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set port [lindex $argv 1]
set username [lindex $argv 2]
set password [lindex $argv 3]
spawn telnet $ip $port
expect “‘^]’.”
send – – “\r”
expect “username:” {
send – – “$username\r”
expect “password:”
send – – “$password\r”
}
expect “$”
send – – “ls\r”
expect “$”
sleep 2
# Send special ^] to telnet so we can tell telnet to quit.
send “35\r”
expect “telnet>”
# Tell Telnet to quit.
send – – “quit\r”
expect eof
# You should also, either call "wait" (block) for process to exit or "wait -nowait" (don't block waiting) for process exit.
wait
Wait, For The Finish.
Expect - The wait Command
Without "wait", expect may sever the connection to the process prematurely, this can cause the creation zombies in some rare cases. If the application did not get our signal earlier (the EOF from close), or if the process doesn't interpret EOF as an exit status then it may also continue running and your script would be none the wiser. With wait, we ensure we don't forget about the process until it cleans up and exits.
Otherwise, we may not close any of these processes until expect exits. This could cause us to run out of file handles if none of them close for a long running expect script (or one which connects to a lot of servers). Once we run out of file handles, expect and everything it started just dies, and you won't see those file handles exhausted any longer.
Timeout?, Catch all?, Why?
You may also want to consider using a "timeout" in case that the server doesn't respond when expected so we can exit early. This is ideal for severely lagged servers which should instead get some admin attention.
Catch all can help your script deal with any unexpected responses that don't necessarily prevent us from continuing. We can choose to just continue processing, or we could choose to exit early.
Expect Examples Excerpt:
expect {
"password:" {
send "password\r"
} "yes/no)?" {
send "yes\r"
set timeout -1
} timeout {
exit
# Below is our catch all
} -re . {
exp_continue
#
} eof {
exit
}
}
I have some ncurses apps that I need to automate to test repeatedly.
I am placing the "sleep" command between "send" commands. However, what i see is that all the sleep's are executed in the beginning before the screen loads. expect concatenates the sends (I see that at the screen bottom during sleep) then issues them together.
I have tried sending all keys with "send -s" or "send -h". That marginally helps. I've replaced "-f" on line 1 with "-b" - again a tiny difference.
Why isn't "sleep" pausing at the right time.
Incidentally, my programs have a getc() loop, so i can't use "expect" command. I tried that too.
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn ruby testsplit.rb
#expect
set send_human {3 3 5 5 7}
set send_slow {10 1}
exp_send -s -- "--"
exec sleep 3
send -s "+"
send -s "="
sleep 1
send -h -- "-"
send -h -- "-"
sleep 1
send -h -- "v"
interact
I would guess that you need to wait for your ruby program to start up before you continue with the sends and sleeps. Is there any string the ruby program outputs when it has started (eg. "ready") ? If so, at the point where you have expect commented out I would try expect "ready" so that Expect will wait until the ruby program has started before continuing.