Apologies if this duplicate but a lot of other threads are years old.
I want to update my $PATH variable permanently so it doesn't reset everytime I quit Terminal. I have seen people suggest to run the following:
gedit ~/.bashrc
But this returns:
-bash: gedit: command not found
I have used Spotlight to search my hard disk for the .bashrc file and can't find it. Can anyone help?
Thanks in advance...
You don't need an editor for that, you can do this using bash's output redirection operation.
For example, to add /foo/bar you current PATH, append (>>) to ~/.bashrc:
echo 'export PATH="$PATH":/foo/bar' >> ~/.bashrc
To view the content to STDOUT too, use tee -a:
echo 'export PATH="$PATH":/foo/bar' | tee -a ~/.bashrc
the . before the file means it's hidden so that's probably why it didn't show, just like if you do ls from your home folder you won't see it but ls -la will
to edit your file I would suggest using vi instead if gedit is not available
vi ~/.bashrc
Related
Bash will source automatic profiles such as .bashrc. --rcfile option can be used to override the automatic script. But I need to source additional personalized file (that's the automatic script plus another file) when launching the bash shell without touching ANY files in $HOME or /etc directory since $HOME directory belongs to application run user. The personalized file must not be located in $HOME directory.
Is this possible?
I tried:
/bin/bash <<EOF
. /a-directory-outside-of-home/vanilla
EOF
but it returned to the current shell.
Okay, so you want to run the user's normal .bashrc, followed by your own script, and you want to trigger this behavior in the way that bash is called, correct?
The call:
/bin/bash --rcfile myscript
First line of myscript:
source $HOME/.bashrc
bash --rcfile <(cat rcfile1; cat rcfile2)
works just fine and requires no modifications anywhere.
Add your stuff as *.sh files in /etc/profile.d -- read /etc/profile and
http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Bash-Startup-Files
I wouldn't modify the .bashrc file. Instead, I would modify the .bash_profile
file which is located at $HOME.
It is the place from where .bashrc is included.
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/bashrc
fi
A good option for you is to add a .personalized_settings file and include it
just below the above lines like this.
# Adding personalized settings
if [ -f ~/.personalized_settings ]; then
. ~/personalized_settings
fi
This requires that .personalized_settings file is located at $HOME.
I have tested the above in Fedora12.
Edit :
You might need to look for .profile instead of .bash_profile in Ubuntu (and hopefully other Debian based systems). (courtesy #Benjamin W.)
This (link)[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Bash-Startup-Files] will give you more information on it.
What if you mess around with any of the profile files?
You have a back-up copy of all these files in /etc/skel which you could
use to restore.
When I open the .bashrc file using gedit, or vi editor, there's nothing in it. I am on MINT trying to install Hadoop and one of the step requires editing the .bashrc file, to save the environment variable. I remember doing the same on Ubuntu, and there were contents were in it.
Can you help me get them all back? Is it possible to get them all back?
When I do gedit ~/.bashrc it opens to a blank page.
Thanks in advance!
From looking at the MINT forums, it doesn't look like MINT supplies a default .bashrc:
http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=90&t=130358
However, .bashrc is an optional file, so you can add whatever you want to it. Check out the bash man pages:
man bash
Also, if you setup a .bashrc file, make sure it is getting called from either .profile or .bash_profile like this:
# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
# include .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
. "$HOME/.bashrc"
fi
fi
You should have one in here:: /etc/skel/.bashrc
Try copying it to your home folder:: cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/.bashrc
Look for .bashrc.swap files in your home directory by doing so:
ls -Fa ~ | grep '*bashrc*'
I don't know how gedit or other programs name their swap files, but just look what comes up.
If there are no such files, you're out of luck.
I want to create a alias of my cd command. I have created the .bashrc file and append the command cd ...... to it. (Since the file was newly created, it just has this one line that I added).
After that, only after I typed . ~/.bashrc, can the alias works. If I close the terminal and open it again, I need to retype . ~/.bashrc.
It's really annoying to do this every time. Is there any way to solve this problem?
Thank you so much for help
When you login to linux system, only ~/.profile will be called:
$ cat ~/.profile
# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
# include .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
. "$HOME/.bashrc"
fi
fi
You need to source ~/.bashrc inside ~/.profile manaully.
Read this to learn more.
EDIT:
If you're using iTerm2 on mac, it actually start a login shell by default when open tabs.
But you can change it: Preferences > General > Command
If using OS X, append the alias to ~/.bash_profile.
You could also add alias to ~/.bashrc, then add source ~/.bashrc to ~/.bash_profile.
Better yet, put all your aliases in ~/.aliases, and source it in ~/.bash_profile.
By default, OS X first sources /etc/bashrc (which shouldn't be modified unless absolutely necessary), then sources the user's ~/.bash_profile at the start of every interactive session.
I am trying to create a permanent alias for my terminal. I put the alias in my ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc, and ~/.bash_profile files, previously empty. When I start a new terminal, bash does not recognize the alias, but if I source any of them, it does. Why are these not getting run when I open a terminal? I am on OSX.
Newer MacOS versions use zsh as the default shell for both Terminal and iTerm2. Run echo $SHELL to confirm if this is the case for you.
Zsh looks for a .zshrc file upon shell startup, so to continue using zsh while sourcing the contents of your bash profile, you can run the following:
echo "source ~/.bash_profile" >> ~/.zshrc
Open a new terminal window for the changes to take effect.
Two things need to happen here when using iTerm to get the loading of dotfiles to work.
First you should add the following to your .bash_profile
[[ -s ~/.bashrc ]] && source ~/.bashrc
Secondly you will need to ensure that in iTerm preferences your terminal is set to launch a login shell.
Hope this helps!
Using the default mac terminal, what worked for me was to add a command to run on start up to source my .bash_profile.
Preferences > Profile > Startup > Add command 'source ~/.bash_profile'
Mac terminal preferences window screenshot
Might be considered to be a bit hacky, but it does the trick.
Adding source ~/.profile to my .bash_profile worked for me.
As of High Sierra, both Terminal and iTerm want to load ~/.profile first. So I suggest you put one line in your .profile to make your Mac work like other Unixes:
source ~/.bash_profile
By editing this one file, you won't have to search through the menus of multiple apps to override Apple's bizarre behavior in each.
As of Catalina the default shell is now zsh. You can change it back to bash with chsh -s /bin/bash and that should load your .profile or .bash_profile
Why are your shell's initialization files not loading?
As with most things, It Depends ™
I recently experienced the same phenomenon and went through the following exercise to resolve it:
I use iTerm. iTerm runs a login shell by default. Verify in iTerm Preferences > General > Command > (*) Login Shell
Therefore, I know that ~/.bash_profile will always be called.
Knowing that, I put the following in my ~/.bash_profile file:
for file in ~/.{bashrc,bash_exports,bash_aliases,bash_functions}; do
[ -r "$file" ] && source "$file"
done
unset file
Notice that I use separate files for .bashrc, .bash_exports, etc. It keeps things separate and simple.
Note also that /etc/profile is loaded first, but since I have never used that system wide init file, I knew that that was not my problem. For details check out $ man bash
So, I started with my ~/.bash_profile file.
I found that when I installed Canopy Express that it's installer replaced the contents of my ~/.bash_profile file with the following content:
# Added by Canopy installer on 2017-04-19
# VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT can be set to '' to make the bash prompt show that Canopy is active, otherwise 1
alias activate_canopy="source '/Users/lex/dev/python/User/bin/activate'"
# VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1 source '/Users/lex/dev/python/User/bin/activate'
p.s. Canopy is an excellent, free python IDE, that I highly recommend.
Fortunately, I backup my ~/.bash* files so restoring that was easy and quickly fixed my issue.
My advice would be to understand the order of calls to your initialization files and start with the first one and work your way through them until you find the problem.
Oh, and you may want to verify which shell you are using (I use bash):
~ $ echo $SHELL
/usr/local/bin/bash
I am guessing you may use another shell, such as bash, tcsh, sh, zsh etc.
Put source .bash_profile into your appropriate 'bashrc' file will make the auto loading recovered, i.e.
.login for tcsh, .bash_profile for bash, .zshrc for zsh
My issue was solved by unchecking Preferences > General > tmux >
Use "tmux" profile rather than profile of the connecting session
Most likely, you need to create the files yourself as they appear not to exist by default. You should give them execute permission to make them run.
~ % sudo chmod 700 ~/.bash_profile
Also, you should check the ownership of the files. They should belong to current user rather than root. Otherwise, you will get permission denied error.
~ % ls -a -l
~ % sudo chown <user_name> ~/.bash_profile
Finally, please note that bash looks in your home directory for .bash_profile, .bash_login, and .profile in order. Bash will stop looking if the first is found.
This means if you have both .bash_profile and .profile files, the .profile will not run.
For more information
Hope this would help you.
Little late to the party but it seems that the file .zprofile is the equivalent to that of .bash_profile when loading zsh. I used this instead to execute a few commands on startup. Of course this only valid for a specific iTerm setup with zsh.
https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Intro/intro_3.html
How can I reload file .bash_profile from the command line?
I can get the shell to recognize changes to .bash_profile by exiting and logging back in, but I would like to be able to do it on demand.
Simply type source ~/.bash_profile.
Alternatively, if you like saving keystrokes, you can type . ~/.bash_profile.
. ~/.bash_profile
Just make sure you don't have any dependencies on the current state in there.
Simply type:
. ~/.bash_profile
However, if you want to source it to run automatically when terminal starts instead of running it every time you open terminal, you might add . ~/.bash_profile to ~/.bashrc file.
Note:
When you open a terminal, the terminal starts bash in (non-login) interactive mode, which means it will source ~/.bashrc.
~/.bash_profile is only sourced by bash when started in interactive login mode. That is typically only when you login at the console (Ctrl+Alt+F1..F6), or connecting via ssh.
If you don't mind losing the history of your current shell terminal, you could also do
bash -l
That would fork your shell and open up another child process of bash. The -l parameter tells Bash to run as a login shell. This is required, because .bash_profile will not run as a non-login shell. For more information about this, read here.
If you want to completely replace the current shell, you can also do:
exec bash -l
The above will not fork your current shell, but replace it completely, so when you type exit it will completely terminate, rather than dropping you to the previous shell.
You can also use this command to reload the ~/.bash_profile for that user. Make sure to use the dash.
su - username
I like the fact that after you have just edited the file, all you need to do is type:
. !$
This sources the file you had just edited in history. See What is bang dollar in bash.
You just need to type . ~/.bash_profile.
Refer to What does 'source' do?.
Save the .bash_profile file
Go to the user's home directory by typing cd
Reload the profile with . .bash_profile
Add alias bashs="source ~/.bash_profile" into your Bash file.
So you can call bashs the next time.
If the .bash_profile file does not exist, you can try to run the following command:
. ~/.bashrc
or
source ~/.bashrc
instead of .bash_profile.
You can find more information about bashrc.
Use
alias reload!=". ~/.bash_profile"
Or if want to add logs via functions:
function reload! () {
echo "Reloading bash profile...!"
source ~/.bash_profile
echo "Reloaded!!!"
}
While using source ~/.bash_profile or the previous answers works, one thing to mention is that this only reloads your Bash profile in the current tab or session you are viewing. If you wish to reload your bash profile on every tab/shell, you need to enter this command manually in each of them.
If you use iTerm, you can use CMD⌘ + Shift + I to enter a command into all current tabs. For terminal it may be useful to reference this issue;
I use Debian and I can simply type exec bash to achieve this. I can't say if it will work on all other distributions.
I am running macOS v10.12 (Sierra) and was working on this for a while (trying all recommended solutions). I became confounded, so I eventually tried restarting my computer! It worked.
My conclusion is that sometimes a hard reset is necessary.
Simply re-sourcing the file won't "reload" in the sense that something is first unloaded, then loaded again. If that is what you want you can do:
hash -r && _SHOW_MESSAGES=1 exec -a -bash bash