I am trying to chop a line into multiple lines using awk. After every two words.
Input:
hey there this is a test
Output:
hey there
this is
a test
I am able to achieve it using xargs ,as follow:
echo hey there this is a test |xargs -n2
hey there
this is
a test
However I am curious to know how to achive this using awk. Here is command I am using, which of course didn't gave expected result.
echo hey there this is a test | awk '{ for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) if(i%2=="0") ORS="\n" ;else ORS=" "}1'
hey there this is a test
And
echo hey there this is a test | awk '{$1=$1; for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) if(i%2==0) ORS="\n" ;else ORS=" "}{ print $0}'
hey there this is a test
Need to know what is conceptually wrong in above awk command and how it can be modified to give correct output. Assume input is of single line.
Thanks and Regards.
Using awk you can do:
s='hey there this is a test'
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) printf "%s%s", $i, (i%2 ? OFS : ORS)}' <<< "$s"
hey there
this is
a test
First you want OFS (field separator) not ORS (record separator).
And your for is in the end setting a single ORS, it iterates over all fields and sets the ORS value back and forth between " " and "\n" and at the end only one value will be there.
So what you really want is to operate on records (normally those are lines) instead of fields (normally spaces separate them).
Here's a version that uses records:
echo hey there this is a test | awk 'BEGIN {RS=" "} {if ((NR-1)%2 == 0) { ORS=" "} else {ORS="\n"}}1'
Result:
hey there
this is
a test
Another flavour of #krzyk's version:
$ awk 'BEGIN {RS=" "} {ORS="\n"} NR%2 {ORS=" "} 1' test.in
hey there
this is
a test
$
Maybe even:
awk 'BEGIN {RS=" "} {ORS=(ORS==RS?"\n":RS)} 1' test.in
They both do leave an ugly enter in the end, though.
Related
I need to manage smtp logfile handling in my company.
These logfiles need to be imported to MSSQL, so it is my job to provide this data.
I got strange undelivery message with a ";" in the string, I need to replace this with a comma.
So what I got:
Sender;Recipient;Operation;Answer;Error;Servername
bla#bla.com;rockit#sohard.com;RCPT TO;450;+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions;+try+later;M0641
Mention the ";" in the Answer field after "restrictions", dunno why the mail server sends semicolons, maybe to annoy me :P
I tried following with awk after I did a lot of research:
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=";"} {for (i=5;i<=NF;i++) gsub (";",",",$i)} 1' myfile.csv
This command actually works but it seems it does nothing with my file, the ";" in the error field remains. What I am missing here ?
Replacing the fifth and later ; with ,
$ awk -F\; '{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s%s",$i,(i==NF?ORS:(i<=4?";":","))}' myfile.csv
Sender;Recipient;Operation;Answer;Error,Servername
bla#bla.com;rockit#sohard.com;RCPT TO;450;+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later,M0641
How it works:
-F\;
This sets the field separator for input to ;.
for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s%s",$i,(i==NF?ORS:(i<=4?";":","))
This loops over every field and prints the field followed by (a) ORS if we are on the last field, or (b) , if were are on field 5 or later, or (c) ; if we are on one of the first four fields.
Replacing all ; with ,
Try:
$ awk -F\; '{$1=$1} 1' OFS=, myfile.csv
Sender,Recipient,Operation,Answer,Error,Servername
bla#bla.com,rockit#sohard.com,RCPT TO,450,+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later,M0641
How it works:
-F\;
This sets the field separator on input to a semicolon.
$1=$1
This causes awk to think the the line has been changed so that awk will update the output line to use the new field separator.
1
This tells awk to print the line.
OFS=,
This sets the field separator on output to a comma.
Alternative #1
$ awk '{gsub(/;/, ",")} 1' myfile.csv
Sender,Recipient,Operation,Answer,Error,Servername
bla#bla.com,rockit#sohard.com,RCPT TO,450,+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later,M0641
Alternative #2
$ sed 's/;/,/g' myfile.csv
Sender,Recipient,Operation,Answer,Error,Servername
bla#bla.com,rockit#sohard.com,RCPT TO,450,+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later,M0641
I think your problem is replacing the unquotes delimiters in your logical 4th field in a five field wide input. Although this script is repetitious should be easier to understand
$ awk '{n=split($0,a,";");
for(i=1; i<4; i++) printf "%s;", a[i];
for(i=4; i<n-1; i++) printf "%s,", a[i];
printf "%s;%s\n", a[n-1], a[n]}' file
A better way to write the same based on #Ed Morton's comments
$ awk -F';' '{for(i=1; i<NF-1; i++) printf "%s"(i<4?FS:","), $i;
print $(NF-1) FS $NF}' file
For the input
1;2;3;4a;4b;4c;5
1;2;3;4;5
it generates
1;2;3;4a,4b,4c;5
1;2;3;4;5
If the offending semi-colons only appear in your 5th field then you can do this using GNU awk for the 3rd arg to match():
$ awk 'match($0,/(([^;]+;){4})(.*)(;[^;]+$)/,a){gsub(/;/,",",a[3]); print a[1] a[3] a[4]}' file
bla#bla.com;rockit#sohard.com;RCPT TO;450;+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later;M0641
If your fifth ; should be removed, append $6 to $5 and advance accordingly. This could be done with for loop (there are examples in SO) but since the fault is so near the end, we'll just do this in a simpler way:
$ awk 'BEGIN {FS=OFS=";"} NR==1 {nf=NF} NF==(nf+1) {$5=$5 "," $6; $6=$7; NF=nf} 1' file
Explained:
BEGIN {FS=OFS=";"} # set separator
NR==1 {nf=NF} # get field count from the first record (6)
NF==(nf+1) { # if record is one field longer:
$5=$5 "," $6 # append $6 to $5, comma-separated
$6=$7 # set $7 (NF) to $6 (nf)
NF=nf # reset NF
} 1 # output
Testing: Running the program and sending the output to cut -d\; -f 5 outputs:
Error
+4.2.0+<rockit#sohard.com>:+Recipient+address+rejected:+Policy+restrictions,+try+later
I'm a newbie with very small and specific needs. I'm using awk to parse something and I need to generate uninterrupted lines of text assembled from several pieces in the original text. But awk inserts a newline in the output whenever I use a semicolon.
Simplest example of what I mean:
Original text:
1 2
awk command:
{ print $1; print $2 }
The output will be:
1
2
The thing is that I need the output to be a single line, and I also need to use the semicolons, because I have to do multiple actions on the original text, not all of them print.
Also, using ORS=" " causes a whole lot of different problems, so it's not an option.
Is there any other way that I can have multiple actions in the same line without newline insertion?
Thanks!
The newlines in the output are nothing to do with you using semicolons to separate statements in your script, they are because print outputs the arguments you give it followed by the contents of ORS and the default value of ORS is newline.
You may want some version of either of these:
$ echo '1 2' | awk '{printf "%s ", $1; printf "%s ", $2; print ""}'
1 2
$
$ echo '1 2' | awk -v ORS=' ' '{print $1; print $2; print "\n"}'
1 2
$
$ echo '1 2' | awk -v ORS= '{print $1; print " "; print $2; print "\n"}'
1 2
$
but it's hard to say without knowing more about what you're trying to do.
At least scan through the book Effective Awk Programming, 4th Edition, by Arnold Robbins to get some understanding of the basics before trying to program in awk or you're going to waste a lot of your time and learn a lot of bad habits first.
You have better control of the output if you use printf, e.g.
awk '{ printf "%s %s\n",$1,$2 }'
awk '{print $1 $2}'
Is the solution in this case
TL;DR
You're getting newlines because print sends OFS to standard output after each print statement. You can format the output in a variety of other ways, but the key is generally to invoke only a single print or printf statement regardless of how many fields or values you want to print.
Use Commas
One way to do this is to use a single call to print using commas to separate arguments. This will insert OFS between the printed arguments. For example:
$ echo '1 2' | awk '{print $1, $2}'
1 2
Don't Separate Arguments
If you don't want any separation in your output, just pass all the arguments to a single print statement. For example:
$ echo '1 2' | awk '{print $1 $2}'
12
Formatted Strings
If you want more control than that, use formatted strings using printf. For example:
$ echo '1 2' | awk '{printf "%s...%s\n", $1, $2}'
1...2
$ echo "1 2" | awk '{print $1 " " $2}'
1 2
I have this simple awk code:
awk -F, 'BEGIN{OFS=FS} {print $2,$1,$3}' $1
Works great, except I've hardcoded how I want to sort the comma-delimited fields of my plaintext file. I want to be able to specify at run time in which order I'd like to sort my fields.
One hacky way I thought about doing this was this:
read first
read second
read third
TOTAL=$first","$second","$third
awk -F, 'BEGIN{OFS=FS} {print $TOTAL}' $1
But this doesn't actually work:
awk: illegal field $(), name "TOTAL"
Also, I know a bit about awk's ability to accept user input:
BEGIN {
getline first < "-"
}
$1 == first {
}
But I wonder whether the variables created can in turn be used as variables in the original print command? Is there a better way?
You have to let bash expand $TOTAL before awk is called, so that awk sees the value of $TOTAL, not the literal string $TOTAL. This means using double, not single, quotes.
read first
read second
read third
# Dynamically construct the awk script to run
TOTAL="\$$first,\$$second,\$$third"
SCRIPT="BEGIN{OFS=FS} {print $TOTAL}"
awk -F, "$SCRIPT" "$1"
A safer method is to pass the field numbers as awk variables.
awk -F, -v c1="$first" -v c2="$second" -v c3="$third" 'BEGIN{OFS=FS} {print $c1, $c2, $c3}' "$1"
All you need is:
awk -v order='3 1 2' 'BEGIN{split(order,o)} {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s%s", $(o[i]), (i<NF?OFS:ORS)}'
e.g.:
$ echo 'a b c' | awk -v order='3 1 2' 'BEGIN{split(order,o)} {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s%s", $(o[i]), (i<NF?OFS:ORS)}'
c a b
$ echo 'a b c' | awk -v order='2 3 1' 'BEGIN{split(order,o)} {for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s%s", $(o[i]), (i<NF?OFS:ORS)}'
b c a
I have following lines
380:<CHECKSUM_VALIDATION>
393:</CHECKSUM_VALIDATION>
437:<CHECKSUM_VALIDATION>
441:</CHECKSUM_VALIDATION>
I need to format it as below
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:380:393
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:437:441
Is it possible to achieve above output using "awk"? [I'm using bash]
Thanks you!
Here you go:
awk -F '[:<>/]+' '{ n = $1; getline; print $2 ":" n ":" $1 }'
Explanation:
Set the field separator with -F to be a sequence of a mix of :<>/ characters, this way the first field will be the number, and the second will be CHECKSUM_VALIDATION
Save the first field in variable n and read the next line (which would overwrite $1)
Print the line: a combination of the number from the previous line, and the fields on the current line
Another approach without using getline:
awk -F '[:<>/]+' 'NR % 2 { n = $1 } NR % 2 == 0 { print $2 ":" n ":" $1 }'
This one uses the record counter NR to determine whether it's time to print: if NR is odd, save the first field in n, if NR is even, then print.
You can try this sed,
sed 'N; s/\([0-9]\+\):<\(.*\)>\n\([0-9]\+\):<\(.*\)>/\2:\1:\3/' file.txt
Test:
sat:~$ sed 'N; s/\([0-9]\+\):<\(.*\)>\n\([0-9]\+\):<\(.*\)>/\2:\1:\3/' file.txt
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:380:393
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:437:441
Another way:
awk -F: '/<C/ {printf "CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:%d:",$1; next} {print $1}'
Here is one gnu awk
awk -F"[:\n<>]" 'NR==1{print $3,$1,$5;f=$3;next} $3{print f,$3,$7}' OFS=":" RS="</CH" file
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:380:393
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:437:441
Based on Jonas post and avoiding getline, this awk should do:
awk -F '[:<>/]+' '/<C/ {f=$1;next} { print $2,f,$1}' OFS=\: file
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:380:393
CHECKSUM_VALIDATION:437:441
I have some data where each line looks more or less like this:
11/11/2013 12:10:10,5000,3000,2000
So with normal awk I would get:
$1 = 11/11/2013
$2 = 12:10:10,5000,3000,2000
Now I want to pipe these two element to different new awk functions, because $1 needs to be split based upon a forward slash and $2 needs to be split based upon a comma..
However, with
awk '{print $1}' $INPUT | awk -F/ '{print $3 "-" $2 "-" $1}'> $OUTPUT
I just get access to the date and then Iam already "through the file". How to pipe multiple times?
You can use awk with multiple field separators also. Consider below code:
> s='11/11/2013 12:10:10,5000,3000,2000'
> awk -F '[,/: ]+' '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) print i":"$i}' <<< "$s"
1:11
2:11
3:2013
4:12
5:10
6:10
7:5000
8:3000
9:2000
You can just call the split function. No need for a whole new awk program:
s='11/11/2013 12:10:10,5000,3000,2000'
awk '{split($1,d,"/"); split($2,t,","); print d[3]"-"d[2]"-"d[1]}' <<<"$s"
you can do whatever you need to with the components of t the same way... t[1] for the first, etc.