I am trying to replace a pipe character in an String with the escaped character in it:
Input: "text|jdbc"
Output: "text\|jdbc"
I tried different things with tr:
echo "text|jdbc" | tr "|" "\\|"
...
But none of them worked.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you,
tr is good for one-to-one mapping of characters (read "translate").
\| is two characters, you cannot use tr for this. You can use sed:
echo 'text|jdbc' | sed -e 's/|/\\|/'
This example replaces one |. If you want to replace multiple, add the g flag:
echo 'text|jdbc' | sed -e 's/|/\\|/g'
An interesting tip by #JuanTomas is to use a different separator character for better readability, for example:
echo 'text|jdbc' | sed -e 's_|_\\|_g'
You can take advantage of the fact that | is a special character in bash, which means the %q modifier used by printf will escape it for you:
$ printf '%q\n' "text|jdbc"
text\|jdbc
A more general solution that doesn't require | to be treated specially is
$ f="text|jdbc"
$ echo "${f//|/\\|}"
text\|jdbc
${f//foo/bar} expands f and replaces every occurance of foo with bar. The operator here is /; when followed by another /, it replaces all occurrences of the search pattern instead of just the first one. For example:
$ f="text|jdbc|two"
$ echo "${f/|/\\|}"
text\|jdbc|two
$ echo "${f//|/\\|}"
text\|jdbc\|two
You can try with awk:
echo "text|jdbc" | awk -F'|' '$1=$1' OFS="\\\|"
Related
I have a string that has two parts (path and owner) both separated by a space.
This is the input file input.txt
/dir1/dir2/file1 #owner1
/dir1/dir2/foo\ bar #owner2
I want to extract all the paths to a separate output file - output.txt
I cannot use space as delimiter since paths can also have filenames with space and delimiter in them
/dir1/dir2/file1
/dir1/dir2/foo\ bar
Here could be a different way of doing it with rev + GNU grep:
rev file | grep -oP '.*# \K.*' | rev
OR
rev file | grep -oP '.*#\s+\K.*' | rev
With original simple solution go with:
awk -F' #' '{print $1}' Input_file
Assuming spaces that shouldn't be parsed as delimiters are escaped by a backslash as in your sample, you could use the following regex :
^(\\ |[^ ])*
For instance with grep :
grep -oE '^(\\ |[^ ])*'
The regex matches from the start of the line any number of either a backslash followed by a space or any other character than a space and will stop at the first occurence of a space that isn't preceded by a backslash.
You can try it here.
I would trim the ending part with sed.
sed 's/ [^ ]*$//' /path/to/file
This will match from the end of the line:
(blank) matches the space character
[^ ]* matches the longest string that contains no spaces, i.e. #owner1
$ matches the end of the line
And they will be replaced by nothing, which will act as if you deleted the matched string.
A one-line would do it:
while read p _; do printf '%q\n' "$p"; done <input.txt >output.txt
You can put them in an array and process
mapfile test < input.txt; test=("${test[#]% *}")
echo "${test[#]}"
echo "${test[0]}"
echo "${test[1]}"
You can try with simple awk
awk ' { $NF=""; print } '
Try it here https://ideone.com/W8J1ZO
I'm trying to replace floating-point numbers like 1.2e + 3 with their integer value 1200. For this I use sed in the following way:
echo '"1.2e+04"' | sed "s/\"\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\)e+\([0-9]\+\)\"/$(echo \1*10^\2|bc -l)/"
but the pattern parts \1 and \2 doesn't get evaluated in the echo.
Is there a way to solve this problem with sed?
Thanks in advance
Within the double quotes, \1 and \2 are interpreted as literal 1 and 2.
You need to put additional backslashes to escape them. In addition, $(command substitution) in
sed replacement seems not to work when combined with back references.
If you are using GNU sed, you can instead say something like:
echo '"1.2e+04"' | sed "s/\"\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\)e+\([0-9]\+\)\"/echo \"\\1*10^\\2\"|bc -l/;e"
which yields:
12000.0
If you want to chop off the decimal point, you'll know what to do ;-).
If you are happy with awk command like this can do the work:
echo 1.2e+4|awk '{printf "%d",$0}'
It is perhaps better to use perl (or other typed language) to manage the variable types:
echo '"1.2e+04"' | perl -lane 'my $a=$_;$a=~ s/"//g;print sprintf("%.10g",$a);print $a;'
In any case, your sed expression is incorrect, it should be:
echo '"1.2e+04"' | sed "s/\"\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\)e+\([0-9]\+\)\"/$(echo \1*10^\3 + \2*10^$(echo \3 - 1 | bc -l)|bc -l)/"
The best way to solve the problem properly is to use an advanced combination of # tshiono and # Romeo solutions:
sed "s/\(.*\)\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+e+[0-9]\+\)\(.*\)/printf '\1'\; echo \2 |awk '{printf \"%d\",\$0}'\;printf '\3'\;/e"
So it is possible to convert all such floats into arbitrary contexts.
for example:
echo '"1.2e+04"' | sed "s/\(.*\)\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+e+[0-9]\+\)\(.*\)/printf '\1'\; echo \2 |awk '{printf \"%d\",\$0}'\;printf '\3'\;/e"
outputs
"12000"
and
echo 'abc"1.2e+04"def' | sed "s/\(.*\)\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+e+[0-9]\+\)\(.*\)/printf '\1'\; echo \2 |awk '{printf \"%d\",\$0}'\;printf '\3'\;/e"
outputs
abc"12000"def
I am trying to parse a file with similar contents:
I am a string 12831928
I am another string 41327318
A set of strings 39842938
Another string 3242342
I want the out file to be tab delimited:
I am a string\t12831928
I am another string\t41327318
A set of strings\t39842938
Another string\t3242342
I have tried the following:
sed 's/\s+/\t/g' filename > outfile
I have also tried cut, and awk.
Just use awk:
$ awk -F' +' -v OFS='\t' '{sub(/ +$/,""); $1=$1}1' file
I am a string 12831928
I am another string 41327318
A set of strings 39842938
Another string 3242342
Breakdown:
-F' +' # tell awk that input fields (FS) are separated by 2 or more blanks
-v OFS='\t' # tell awk that output fields are separated by tabs
'{sub(/ +$/,""); # remove all trailing blank spaces from the current record (line)
$1=$1} # recompile the current record (line) replacing FSs by OFSs
1' # idiomatic: any true condition invokes the default action of "print"
I highly recommend the book Effective Awk Programming, 4th Edition, by Arnold Robbins.
The difficulty comes in the varying number of words per-line. While you can handle this with awk, a simple script reading each word in a line into an array and then tab-delimiting the last word in each line will work as well:
#!/bin/bash
fn="${1:-/dev/stdin}"
while read -r line || test -n "$line"; do
arr=( $(echo "$line") )
nword=${#arr[#]}
for ((i = 0; i < nword - 1; i++)); do
test "$i" -eq '0' && word="${arr[i]}" || word=" ${arr[i]}"
printf "%s" "$word"
done
printf "\t%s\n" "${arr[i]}"
done < "$fn"
Example Use/Output
(using your input file)
$ bash rfmttab.sh < dat/tabfile.txt
I am a string 12831928
I am another string 41327318
A set of strings 39842938
Another string 3242342
Each number is tab-delimited from the rest of the string. Look it over and let me know if you have any questions.
sed -E 's/[ ][ ]+/\\t/g' filename > outfile
NOTE: the [ ] is openBracket Space closeBracket
-E for extended regular expression support.
The double brackets [ ][ ]+ is to only substitute tabs for more than 1 consecutive space.
Tested on MacOS and Ubuntu versions of sed.
Your input has spaces at the end of each line, which makes things a little more difficult than without. This sed command would replace the spaces before that last column with a tab:
$ sed 's/[[:blank:]]*\([^[:blank:]]*[[:blank:]]*\)$/\t\1/' infile | cat -A
I am a string^I12831928 $
I am another string^I41327318 $
A set of strings^I39842938 $
Another string^I3242342 $
This matches – anchored at the end of the line – blanks, non-blanks and again blanks, zero or more of each. The last column and the optional blanks after it are captured.
The blanks before the last column are then replaced by a single tab, and the rest stays the same – see output piped to cat -A to show explicit line endings and ^I for tab characters.
If there are no blanks at the end of each line, this simplifies to
sed 's/[[:blank:]]*\([^[:blank:]]*\)$/\t\1/' infile
Notice that some seds, notably BSD sed as found in MacOS, can't use \t for tab in a substitution. In that case, you have to use either '$'\t'' or '"$(printf '\t')"' instead.
another approach, with gnu sed and rev
$ rev file | sed -r 's/ +/\t/1' | rev
You have trailing spaces on each line. So you can do two sed expressions in one go like so:
$ sed -E -e 's/ +$//' -e $'s/ +/\t/' /tmp/file
I am a string 12831928
I am another string 41327318
A set of strings 39842938
Another string 3242342
Note the $'s/ +/\t/': This tells bash to replace \t with an actual tab character prior to invoking sed.
To show that these deletions and \t insertions are in the right place you can do:
$ sed -E -e 's/ +$/X/' -e $'s/ +/Y/' /tmp/file
I am a stringY12831928X
I am another stringY41327318X
A set of stringsY39842938X
Another stringY3242342X
Simple and without invisible semantic characters in the code:
perl -lpe 's/\s+$//; s/\s\s+/\t/' filename
Explanation:
Options:
-l: remove LF during processing (in this case)
-p: loop over records (like awk) and print
-e: code follows
Code:
remove trailing whitespace
change two or more whitespace to tab
Tested on OP data. The trailing spaces are removed for consistency.
Suppose i have a variable $email whose value is stack.over#gmail.com.I want to add a \ before every dot except the last dot and store it in a new variable $email_soa.
$email_soa should be stack\.over#gmail.com in this case.
sed -E 's/\./\\\./g;s/(.*)\\\./\1\./'
should do it.
Test
$ var="stack.over#flow.com"
$ echo $var | sed -E 's/\./\\\./g;s/(.*)\\\./\1./'
stack\.over#flow.com
$ var="stack.over#flow.com."
$ echo $var | sed -E 's/\./\\\./g;s/(.*)\\\./\1./'
stack\.over#flow\.com.
Note
The \\ makes a literal backslash and \. makes a literal dot
You can use gawk:
var="stack.over#gmail.com"
gawk -F'.' '{OFS="\\.";a=$NF;NF--;print $0"."a}' <<< "$var"
Output:
stack\.over#gmail.com
Explanation:
-F'.' splits the string by dots
OFS="\\." sets the output field separator to \.
a=$NF saves the portion after the last dot in a variable 'a'. NF is the number of fields.
NF-- decrements the field count which would effectively remove the last field. This also tells awk to reassemble the record using the OFS This feature does at least work with GNU's gawk.
print $0"."a prints the reassmbled record along with a dot and the value of a
You could use perl to do this:
perl -pe 's/\.(?=.*\.)/\\./g' <<<'stack.over#gmail.com'
Add a slash before any dots that have a dot somewhere after them in the string.
How about this:
temp=${email%.*}
email_soa=${temp/./\\.}.${email##*.}
I have bunch of string like "{one}two", where "{one}" could be different and "two" is always the same. I need to replace original sting with "three{one}", "three" is also constant. It could be easily done with python, for example, but I need it to be done with shell tools, like sed or awk.
If I understand correctly, you want:
{one}two --> three{one}
{two}two --> three{two}
{n}two --> three{n}
SED with a backreference will do that:
echo "{one}two" | sed 's/\(.*\)two$/three\1/'
The search store all text up to your fixed string, and then replace with the your new string pre-appended to the stored text. SED is greedy by default, so it should grab all text up to your fixed string even if there's some repeat in the variable part (e.gxx`., {two}two will still remap to three{two} properly).
Using sed:
s="{one}two"
sed 's/^\(.*\)two/three\1/' <<< "$s"
three{one}
echo "XXXtwo" | sed -E 's/(.*)two/three\1/'
Here's a Bash only solution:
string="{one}two"
echo "three${string/two/}"
awk '{a=gensub(/(.*)two/,"three\\1","g"); print a}' <<< "{one}two"
Output:
three{one}
awk '/{.*}two/ { split($0,s,"}"); print "three"s[1]"}" }' <<< "{one}two"
does also output
three{one}
Here, we are using awk to find the correct lines, and then split on "}" (which means your lines should not contain more than the one to indicate the field).
Through GNU sed,
$ echo 'foo {one}two bar' | sed -r 's/(\{[^}]*\})two/three\1/g'
foo three{one} bar
Basic sed,
$ echo 'foo {one}two bar' | sed 's/\({[^}]*}\)two/three\1/g'
foo three{one} bar