How to find and print specific character in bash - bash

Question

I have file like:
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516
BB,A=65,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,F=225
I never know if in the row missing A,B,C or D value. But I need to transform this file like:
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225
So if any value missing print just - mark. My plan is have the same number of columns to easy parsing. I am prefer awk solution. Thank you for any advice or help.
My first try was:
awk '{gsub(/[,]/, "\t")}; BEGIN{ FS = OFS = "\t" } { for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) if($i ~ /^ *$/) $i = "-" }; {print $0}'
But then I notice, that some values are missing.
EDIT:
From my header I know that there is value A,B,C,D,E,F...

Answer 1

$ cat file.txt
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516
BB,A=65,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,F=225
$ perl -F, -le '#k=(A..F);
$op[0]=$F[0]; #op[1..6]=("-")x6;
$j=0; for($i=1;$i<=$#F;){ if($F[$i] =~ m/$k[$j++]=/){$op[$j]=$F[$i]; $i++} }
print join(",",#op)
' file.txt
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225
-F, split input line on , and save to #F array
-l removes newline from input line, adds newline to output
#k=(A..F); initialize #k array with A, B, etc upto F
$op[0]=$F[0]; #op[1..6]=("-")x6; initalize #op array with first element of #F and remaining six elements as -
for-loop iterates over #F array, if element matches with #k array element in corresponding index followed by =, change #op element
print join(",",#op) print the #op array with , as separator

Answer 2

Perl to the rescue!
You haven't specified how to obtain the header information, so in the following script, the #header array is populated directly.
%to_idx hash maps the column names to their indices (A => 0, B => 1 etc.).
Each lines is split into fields, each field is compared to the expected one ($next) and dashes are printed if needed. The same happens for missing trailing fields.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
my #header = qw( A B C D E F );
my %to_idx = map +($header[$_] => $_), 0 .. $#header;
open my $IN, '<', shift or die $!;
while (<$IN>) {
chomp;
my #fields = split /,/;
print shift #fields;
my $next = 0;
for my $field (#fields) {
my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $field;
print ',-' x ($to_idx{$name} - $next);
print ",$name=$value";
$next = $to_idx{$name} + 1;
}
print ',-' x (1 + $#header - $next); # Missing trailing fields.
print "\n"
}

Answer 3

Solution in TXR
#(do
(defstruct fill-missing nil
strings
(hash (hash :equal-based))
(:postinit (self)
(each ((s self.strings))
(set [self.hash s] "-")))
(:method add (self str val)
(set [self.hash str] `#str=#val`))
(:method print (self stream)
(put-string `#{(mapcar self.hash self.strings) ","}` stream))))
#(repeat)
# (bind fm #(new fill-missing strings '#"A B C D E F"))
#{label},#(coll)#{sym /[^,=]+/}=#{val /[^,]+/}#(do fm.(add sym val))#(end)
# (do (put-line `#label,#fm`))
#(end)
Run:
$ txr missing.txr data
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225

Answer 4

BEGIN {
PROCINFO["sorted_in"]="#ind_str_asc" # order for for(i in a)
for(i=65;i<=90;i++) # create the whole alphabet to array a[]
a[sprintf("%c", i)] # you could read the header and use that as well
}
{
split($0,b,",") # split record by ","
printf "%s", b[1] # printf first element (AA, BB...)
delete b[1] # get rid of it
for(i in b)
b[substr(b[i],1,1)]=b[i] # take the first letter to use as index (A=12)
for(i in a) # go thru alphabet and printf from b[]
printf "%s%s", OFS, (i in b?b[i]:"-"); print ""
}
awk -v OFS=\, -f parsing.awk tbparsed.txt
AA,A=14,B=356,C=845,D=4516,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
BB,A=65,-,C=255,D=841,E=5133,F=1428,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
CC,A=88,B=54,C=549,-,-,F=225,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
It prints "-" for each letter not found in the record. If the data had a header, you could split to 2-D array b[NR] and change the for(i in a) to for(i in b[1]) ... printf ... b[NR][b[1][i]] ... and if you don't need the static first column, remove the first printf and delete.