What's the nicest way to check if a given file/directory is in some other directory (or one of its subdirectories)? Platform-independence and absolute/relative path handling would be nice.
One easy way is just to search through the files and check each time, but maybe there is a better one.
e.g. given directory A, is A anywhere in the directory subtree rooted at B, i.e. is_underneath?(A,B) or something.
A nice and quickly way is to use glob method provided by Dir class in the Ruby stdlib.
glob( pattern, [flags] ) # => matches
Expands pattern, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and returns the results as matches or as arguments given to the block.
Works both with file and directory and allow you to search recursively.
It returns an array with the files/dirs which match the pattern, it will be empty if no one matches.
root = '/my_root'
value = 'et_voila.txt'
Dir.glob("#{root}/**/#{value}")
# ** Matches directories recursively.
# or you can pass also the relative path
Dir.glob("./foo/**/#{value}")
I hope I understood your question correct.
An example:
require 'pathname'
A = '/usr/xxx/a/b/c.txt'
path = Pathname.new(A)
[
'/usr/xxx/a/b',
'/usr/yyy/a/b',
].each{|b|
if path.fnmatch?(File.join(b,'**'))
puts "%s is in %s" % [A,b]
else
puts "%s is not in %s" % [A,b]
end
}
Result:
/usr/xxx/a/b/c.txt is in /usr/xxx/a/b
/usr/xxx/a/b/c.txt is not in /usr/yyy/a/b
The solution uses the class Pathname. An advantage of it: Pathname represents the name of a file or directory on the filesystem, but not the file itself. So you can make your test without a read access to the file.
The test itself is made with Pathname#fnmatch? and a glob-pattern File.join(path,'**') (** means all sub-directories).
If you need it more often, you could extend Pathname:
require 'pathname'
class Pathname
def is_underneath?(path)
return self.fnmatch?(File.join(path,'**'))
end
end
A = '/usr/xxx/a/b/c.txt'
path = Pathname.new(A)
[
'/usr/xxx/a/b',
'/usr/yyy/a/b',
].each{|b|
if path.is_underneath?(b)
puts "%s is in %s" % [A,b]
else
puts "%s is not in %s" % [A,b]
end
}
To handle absolute/relative pathes it may help to expand the pathes like in (sorry, this is untested).
class Pathname
def is_underneath?(path)
return self.expand_path.fnmatch?(File.expand_path(File.join(path,'**')))
end
end
Related
I have a collection of folders (within a folder) that all need to be renamed based on their contents.
Specifically, I'd like to rename "/working_directory/my_folder/my_file.extension" to /working_directory/my_file/my_file.extension"
There are a few other files within /my_folder/. How might I recursively do this using ruby?
I'm new to ruby and programming, I have so tried to just extract the file names, but have not have much luck. The attempt at itterating through the folders. This will cycle through /working_directory/ every time Find.find is called. The intent is to search /working_directory/my_folder/ only for the file with the .fls extension.
require 'find'
Path = "/working_directory/"
Dir.foreach(Path) do |file|
puts file
new_dir = Path+file
puts new_dir
Find.find(new_dir) do |i| # this is intended to by /working_directory/my_folder/
fls_file << i if i =~ /.*\.fls$/
puts fls_file
end
end
Assuming, the my_file is to be chosen by extension, one might do:
Dir["/working_directory/**/*"].select do |dir_or_file|
File.directory? dir_or_file # select only directories, recursively
end.inject({}) do |memo, dir|
new_name = Dir["#{dir}/*.extension"].to_a
unless new_name.size == 1 # check if the folder contains only one proper file
puts "Multiple/No choices; can not rename dir [#{dir}] ⇒ skipping..."
next memo # skip if no condition met
end
my_file = new_name.first[/[^\/]+(?=\.extension\z)/] # get my_name
memo[dir] = dir.gsub /[^\/]+(?=\/#{myfile}\.extension\z)/, my_file
memo
end.each do |old, neu|
# dry run to make sure everything is OK
puts "Gonna rename #{old} to #{neu}"
# uncomment the lines below as you are certain the code works properly
# neu_folder = neu[/(.*?)([^\/]+\z)/, 1]
# FileUtils.mkdir neu_folder unless File.exist? neu_folder
# FileUtils.mv old, neu # rename
end
The rename is done after the main processing for the sake of previous iterator consistency, probably in this case it might be done in the previous loop, instead of injecting old: neu pairs into hash and iterating it later.
We are heavily using string parsing with regexps here.
my_file = new_name.first[/[^\/]+(?=\.extension\z)/] # get my_name
this line gets a new folder name by parsing a tail of the string, containing no slashes and trailing with '.extension\z' (see positive lookahead.)
memo[dir] = dir.gsub /[^\/]+(?=\/#{myfile}\.extension\z)/, my_file
This line assigns a new element on an accumulator hash, substituting the old folder name with the new one.
I meet a simple program about Dir[] and File.join() in Ruby,
blobs_dir = '/path/to/dir'
Dir[File.join(blobs_dir, "**", "*")].each do |file|
FileUtils.rm_rf(file) if File.symlink?(file)
I have two confusions:
Firstly, what do the second and third parameters mean in File.join(#blobs_dir, "**", "*")?
Secondly, what's the usage the Dir[] in Ruby? I only know it's Equivalent to Dir.glob(), however, I am not clear with Dir.glob() indeed.
File.join(blobs_dir, "**", "*")
This just build the path pattern for the glob. The result is /path/to/dir/**/*
** and *'s meaning:
*: Matches any file
**: Matches directories recursively
So your code is used to delete every symlink inside the directory /path/to/dir.
File.join() simply concats all its arguments with separate slash.
For instance,
File.join("a", "b", "c")
returns "a/b/c". It is alsmost equivalent to more frequently used Array's join method, just like this:
["hello", "ruby", "world"].join(", ")
# => "hello, ruby, world"
Using File.join(), however, additionaly does two things: it clarifies that you are getting something related to file paths, and adds '/' as argument (instead of ", " in my Array example). Since Ruby is all about aliases that better describe your intentions, this method better suits the task.
Dir[] method accepts string or array of such strings as a simple search pattern, with "*" as all files or directories, and "**" as directories within other directories. For instance,
Dir["/var/*"]
# => ["/var/lock", "/var/backups", "/var/lib", "/var/tmp", "/var/opt", "/var/local", "/var/run", "/var/spool", "/var/log", "/var/cache", "/var/mail"]
and
Dir["/var/**/*"]
# => ["/var/lock", "/var/backups", "/var/backups/dpkg.status.3.gz", "/var/backups/passwd.bak" ... (all files in all dirs in '/var')]
It is a common and very convinient way to list or traverse directories recursively
File::join is used to join path components with separator File::SEPARATOR (normally /):
File.join('a', 'b', 'c')
# => "a/b/c"
Dir::glob returns filenames that matched with the pattern.
The given pattern /path/to/dir/**/* match any file recursively (below /path/to/dir).
From here:
glob -- Expands pattern, which is an Array of patterns or a pattern String, and returns the results as matches or as arguments given to the block.
* -- Matches any file
** -- Matches directories recursively
Why does below class output directory's as well as filenames on line "print "\n"+f" ?
I just want to output the files but directories are also being outputted.
class Sort
require 'find'
directoryToSort = "c:\\test"
total_size = 0
Find.find(directoryToSort) do |path|
if FileTest.directory?(path)
if File.basename(path)[0] == ?.
Find.prune # Don't look any further into this directory.
else
Dir.foreach(path) do
|f|
# do whatever you want with f, which is a filename within the
# given directory (not fully-qualified)
if !FileTest.directory? f
print "\n"+f
end
end
next
end
else
end
end
end
It says right there in a comment:
# do whatever you want with f, which is a filename within the
# given directory (not fully-qualified)
key being "not fully-qualified" part. you need to do something like:
if !FileTest.directory? (path + File::SEPARATOR + f)
Consider using the Ruby standard File.directory? method instead.
you need File.directory?( filename ) to check if it's a filename
you probably want to do something along these lines....
this is a helper method for doing recursive directory descend and executing a block depending
on if the filename matches a certain Regular Expressions.. a bit overkill for you, but maybe this helps.
# recursiveDirectoryDescend
# do action for files matching regexp
#
# (not very elegant solution, but just for illustration purposes. Pulled from some very old code.)
def recursive_dir_descend(dir,regexp,action)
olddir = Dir.pwd
dirp = Dir.open(dir)
Dir.chdir(dir)
pwd = Dir.pwd
for file in dirp
file.chomp
next if file =~ /^\.\.?$/ # ON UNIX, ignore '.' and '..' directories
filename = "#{pwd}/#{file}"
if File.directory?(filename) # CHECK IF DIRECTORY
recursive_dir_descend(filename,regexp,action)
else
if file =~ regexp
eval action # execute action on filename
end
end
end
Dir.chdir(olddir)
end
Is there a way to open a file case-insensitively in Ruby under Linux? For example, given the string foo.txt, can I open the file FOO.txt?
One possible way would be reading all the filenames in the directory and manually search the list for the required file, but I'm looking for a more direct method.
One approach would be to write a little method to build a case insensitive glob for a given filename:
def ci_glob(filename)
glob = ''
filename.each_char do |c|
glob += c.downcase != c.upcase ? "[#{c.downcase}#{c.upcase}]" : c
end
glob
end
irb(main):024:0> ci_glob('foo.txt')
=> "[fF][oO][oO].[tT][xX][tT]"
and then you can do:
filename = Dir.glob(ci_glob('foo.txt')).first
Alternatively, you can write the directory search you suggested quite concisely. e.g.
filename = Dir.glob('*').find { |f| f.downcase == 'foo.txt' }
Prior to Ruby 3.1 it was possible to use the FNM_CASEFOLD option to make glob case insensitive e.g.
filename = Dir.glob('foo.txt', File::FNM_CASEFOLD).first
if filename
# use filename here
else
# no matching file
end
The documentation suggested FNM_CASEFOLD couldn't be used with glob but it did actually work in older Ruby versions. However, as mentioned by lildude in the comments, the behaviour has now been brought inline with the documentation and so this approach shouldn't be used.
You can use Dir.glob with the FNM_CASEFOLD flag to get a list of all filenames that match the given name except for case. You can then just use first on the resulting array to get any result back or use min_by to get the one that matches the case of the orignial most closely.
def find_file(f)
Dir.glob(f, File::FNM_CASEFOLD).min_by do |f2|
f.chars.zip(f2.chars).count {|c1,c2| c1 != c2}
end
end
system "touch foo.bar"
system "touch Foo.Bar"
Dir.glob("FOO.BAR", File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> ["foo.bar", "Foo.Bar"]
find_file("FOO.BAR") #=> ["Foo.Bar"]
What is the fastest, most optimized, one-liner way to get an array of the directories (excluding files) in Ruby?
How about including files?
Dir.glob("**/*/") # for directories
Dir.glob("**/*") # for all files
Instead of Dir.glob(foo) you can also write Dir[foo] (however Dir.glob can also take a block, in which case it will yield each path instead of creating an array).
Ruby Glob Docs
I believe none of the solutions here deal with hidden directories (e.g. '.test'):
require 'find'
Find.find('.') { |e| puts e if File.directory?(e) }
For list of directories try
Dir['**/']
List of files is harder, because in Unix directory is also a file, so you need to test for type or remove entries from returned list which is parent of other entries.
Dir['**/*'].reject {|fn| File.directory?(fn) }
And for list of all files and directories simply
Dir['**/*']
As noted in other answers here, you can use Dir.glob. Keep in mind that folders can have lots of strange characters in them, and glob arguments are patterns, so some characters have special meanings. As such, it's unsafe to do something like the following:
Dir.glob("#{folder}/**/*")
Instead do:
Dir.chdir(folder) { Dir.glob("**/*").map {|path| File.expand_path(path) } }
Fast one liner
Only directories
`find -type d`.split("\n")
Directories and normal files
`find -type d -or -type f`.split("\n")`
Pure beautiful ruby
require "pathname"
def rec_path(path, file= false)
puts path
path.children.collect do |child|
if file and child.file?
child
elsif child.directory?
rec_path(child, file) + [child]
end
end.select { |x| x }.flatten(1)
end
# only directories
rec_path(Pathname.new(dir), false)
# directories and normal files
rec_path(Pathname.new(dir), true)
In PHP or other languages to get the content of a directory and all its subdirectories, you have to write some lines of code, but in Ruby it takes 2 lines:
require 'find'
Find.find('./') do |f| p f end
this will print the content of the current directory and all its subdirectories.
Or shorter, You can use the ’**’ notation :
p Dir['**/*.*']
How many lines will you write in PHP or in Java to get the same result?
Here's an example that combines dynamic discovery of a Rails project directory with Dir.glob:
dir = Dir.glob(Rails.root.join('app', 'assets', 'stylesheets', '*'))
Dir.open(Dir.pwd).map { |h| (File.file?(h) ? "#{h} - file" : "#{h} - folder") if h[0] != '.' }
dots return nil, use compact
Although not a one line solution, I think this is the best way to do it using ruby calls.
First delete all the files recursively
Second delete all the empty directories
Dir.glob("./logs/**/*").each { |file| File.delete(file) if File.file? file }
Dir.glob("./logs/**/*/").each { |directory| Dir.delete(directory) }