I have a shell script that accepts a parameter that is comma delimited,
-s 1234,1244,1567
That is passed to a curl PUT json field. Json needs the values in a "1234","1244","1567" format.
Currently, I am passing the parameter with the quotes already in it:
-s "\"1234\",\"1244\",\"1567\"", which works, but the users are complaining that its too much typing and hard to do. So I'd like to just take a comma delimited list like I had at the top and programmatically stick the quotes in.
Basically, I want a parameter to be passed in as 1234,2345 and end up as a variable that is "1234","2345"
I've come to read that easiest approach here is to use sed, but I'm really not familiar with it and all of my efforts are failing.
You can do this in BASH:
$> arg='1234,1244,1567'
$> echo "\"${arg//,/\",\"}\""
"1234","1244","1567"
awk to the rescue!
$ awk -F, -v OFS='","' -v q='"' '{$1=$1; print q $0 q}' <<< "1234,1244,1567"
"1234","1244","1567"
or shorter with sed
$ sed -r 's/[^,]+/"&"/g' <<< "1234,1244,1567"
"1234","1244","1567"
translating this back to awk
$ awk '{print gensub(/([^,]+)/,"\"\\1\"","g")}' <<< "1234,1244,1567"
"1234","1244","1567"
you can use this:
echo QV=$(echo 1234,2345,56788 | sed -e 's/^/"/' -e 's/$/"/' -e 's/,/","/g')
result:
echo $QV
"1234","2345","56788"
just add double quotes at start, end, and replace commas with quote/comma/quote globally.
easy to do with sed
$ echo '1234,1244,1567' | sed 's/[0-9]*/"\0"/g'
"1234","1244","1567"
[0-9]* zero more consecutive digits, since * is greedy it will try to match as many as possible
"\0" double quote the matched pattern, entire match is by default saved in \0
g global flag, to replace all such patterns
In case, \0 isn't recognized in some sed versions, use & instead:
$ echo '1234,1244,1567' | sed 's/[0-9]*/"&"/g'
"1234","1244","1567"
Similar solution with perl
$ echo '1234,1244,1567' | perl -pe 's/\d+/"$&"/g'
"1234","1244","1567"
Note: Using * instead of + with perl will give
$ echo '1234,1244,1567' | perl -pe 's/\d*/"$&"/g'
"1234""","1244""","1567"""
""$
I think this difference between sed and perl is similar to this question: GNU sed, ^ and $ with | when first/last character matches
Using sed:
$ echo 1234,1244,1567 | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)/\"\1\"/g'
"1234","1244","1567"
ie. replace all strings of numbers with the same strings of numbers quoted using backreferencing (\1).
Related
I am trying to Extract substring from variables between two patterns in bash that as special characters inside the variable.
The variable:
MQ_URI=ssl://b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com:61617?jms.prefetchPolicy.queuePrefetch=0
What I've tried so far:
echo "$MQ_URI" | sed -E 's/.*ssl:// (.*) :61617.*/\1/'
Got me this in response:
sed: -e expression #1, char 12: unknown option to `s'
Also tried with grep:
echo $MQ_URI | grep -o -P '(?<=ssl://).*(?=:61617jms.prefetchPolicy.queuePrefetch=0)
The output I need is everything between: "ssl://" and ":61617?jms.prefetchPolicy.queuePrefetch=0"
which is : "b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
Using bash
$ mq_uri=${mq_uri##*/}
$ mq_uri=${mq_uri//:*}
$ echo "$mq_uri"
b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
sed
$ sed -E 's~[^-]*/([^?]*):.*~\1~' <<< "$mq_uri"
b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
grep
$ grep -Po '[^-]*/\K[^:]*' <<< "$mq_uri"
b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
awk
$ awk -F'[/:]' '{print $4}' <<< "$mq_uri"
b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
If this is what you expect
echo "$MQ_URI" | sed -E 's#.*ssl://(.*):61617.*#\1#'
b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
replace the delimiters by # or anything not found in the string.
With your shown samples and attempts please try following codes.
##Shell variable named `mq_uri` being created here.
##to be used in following all solutions.
mq_uri="ssl://b-7dda5da6-59a5-4150-8e2f-16534985665-1.mq.us-east-1.amazonaws.com:61617?jms.prefetchPolicy.queuePrefetch=0"
1st solution: Using awk's match function along with split` function here.
awk 'match($0,/^ssl:.*:61617\?/){split(substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH),arr,"[/:]");print arr[4]}' <<<"$mq_uri"
2nd solution: Using GNU grep along with its -oP options and its \K option to get required output.
grep -oP '^ssl:\/\/\K[^:]*(?=:61617\?)' <<<"$mq_uri"
3rd solution: Using match function of awk along with using gsub to Globally substitute values to get required output.
awk 'match($0,/^ssl:.*:61617\?/){val=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH);gsub(/^ssl:\/\/|:.*\?/,"",val);print val}' <<<"$mq_uri"
4th solution: Using awk's match function along with its array creation capability in GNU awk.
awk 'match($0,/^ssl:\/\/(.*):61617\?/,arr){print arr[1]}' <<<"$mq_uri"
5th solution: With perl's One-liner solution please try following code.
perl -pe 's/ssl:\/\/(.*):61617\?.*/\1/' <<<"$mq_uri"
How do I cut everything starting with a given multi-character string using a common shell command?
e.g., given:
foo+=bar
I want:
foo
i.e., cut everything starting with +=
cut doesn't work because it only takes a single-character delimiter, not a multi-character string:
$ echo 'foo+=bar' | cut -d '+=' -f 1
cut: bad delimiter
If I can't use cut, I would consider using perl instead, or if there's another shell command that is more commonly installed.
cut only allows single character delimiter.
You may use bash string manipulation:
s='foo+=bar'
echo "${s%%+=*}"
foo
or use more powerful awk:
awk -F '\\+=' '{print $1}' <<< "$s"
foo
'\\+=' is a regex that matches + followed by = character.
You can use 'sed' command to do this:
string='foo+=bar'
echo ${string} | sed 's/+=.*//g'
foo
or if you're using Bash shell, then use the below parameter expansion (recommended) since it doesn't create unnecessary pipeline and another sed process and so is efficient:
echo ${string%%\+\=*}
or
echo ${string%%[+][=]*}
I am working on shell script and new to it. I want to extract the string between double $$ characters, for example:
input:
$$extractabc$$
output
extractabc
I used grep and sed but not working out. Any suggestions are welcome!
You could do
awk -F"$" '{print $3}' file.txt
assuming the file contained input:$$extractabc$$ output:extractabc. awk splits your data into pieces using $ as a delimiter. First item will be input:, next will be empty, next will be extractabc.
You could use sed like so to get the same info.
sed -e 's/.*$$\(.*\)$$.*/\1/' file.txt
sed looks for information between $$s and outputs that. The goal is to type something like this .*$$(.*)$$.*. It's greedy but just stay with me.
looks for .* - i.e. any character zero or more times before $$
then the string should have $$
after $$ there'll be any character zero or more times
then the string should have another $$
and some more characters to follow
between the 2 $$ is (.*). String found between $$s is given a placeholder \1
sed finds such information and publishes it
Using grep PCRE (where available) and look-around:
$ echo '$$extractabc$$' | grep -oP "(?<=\\$\\$).*(?=\\$\\$)"
extractabc
echo '$$extractabc$$' | awk '{gsub(/\$\$/,"")}1'
extractabc
Here is an other variation:
echo "$$extractabc$$" | awk -F"$$" 'NF==3 {print $2}'
It does test of there are two set of $$ and only then prints whats between $$
Does also work for input like blabla$$some_data$$moreblabla
How about remove all the $ in the input?
$ echo '$$extractabc$$' | sed 's/\$//g'
extractabc
Same with tr
$ echo '$$extractabc$$' | tr -d '$'
extractabc
Hi I want to remove last comma from a line. For example:
Input:
This,is,a,test
Desired Output:
This,is,a test
I am able to remove last comma if its also the last character of the string using below command: (However this is not I want)
echo "This,is,a,test," |sed 's/,$//'
This,is,a,test
Same command does not work if there are more characters past last comma in line.
echo "This,is,a,test" |sed 's/,$//'
This,is,a,test
I am able to achieve the results using dirty way by calling multiple commands, any alternative to achieve the same using awk or sed regex ?(This is I want)
echo "This,is,a,test" |rev |sed 's/,/ /' |rev
This,is,a test
$ echo "This,is,a,test" | sed 's/\(.*\),/\1 /'
This,is,a test
$ echo "This,is,a,test" | perl -pe 's/.*\K,/ /'
This,is,a test
In both cases, .* will match as much as possible, so only the last comma will be changed.
You can use a regex that matches not-comma, and captures that group, and then restores it in the replacement.
echo "This,is,a,test" |sed 's/,\([^,]*\)$/ \1/'
Output:
This,is,a test
All the answer are based on regex. Here is a non-regex way to remove last comma:
s='This,is,a,test'
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","} {$(NF-1)=$(NF-1) " " $NF; NF--} 1' <<< "$s"
This,is,a test
In Gnu AWK too since tagged:
$ echo This,is,a,test|awk '$0=gensub(/^(.*),/,"\\1 ","g",$0)'
This,is,a test
One way to do this is by using Bash Parameter Expansion.
$ s="This,is,a,test"
$ echo "${s%,*} ${s##*,}"
This,is,a test
My example text is,
AA BB CC
DDD
process.get('name1')
process.get('name2')
process.get('name3')
process.get('name4')
process.get('name5')
process.get('name6')
EEE
FFF
...
I want to search the string "process.get('name1')" first, if found then extract the lines from "process.get('name1')" to "process.get('name6')".
How do I extract the lines using sed?
This should work and... it uses sed as per OP request:
$ sed -n "/^process\.get('name1')$/,/^process\.get('name6')$/p" file
sed is for simple substitutions on individual lines, for anything more interesting you should be using awk:
$ awk -v beg="process.get('name1')" -v end="process.get('name6')" \
'index($0,beg){f=1} f; index($0,end){f=0}' file
process.get('name1')
process.get('name2')
process.get('name3')
process.get('name4')
process.get('name5')
process.get('name6')
Note that you could use a range in awk, just like you are forced to in sed:
awk -v beg="process.get('name1')" -v end="process.get('name6')" \
'index($0,beg),index($0,end)' file
and you could use regexps after escaping metachars in awk, just like you are forced to in sed:
awk "/process\.get\('name1'\)/,/process\.get\('name6'\)/" file
but the first awk version above using strings instead of regexps and a flag variable is simpler (in as much as you don't have to figure out which chars are/aren't RE metacharacters), more robust and more easily extensible in future.
It's important to note that sed CANNOT operate on strings, just regexps, so when you say "I want to search for a string" you should stop trying to force sed to behave as if it can do that.
Imagine your search strings are passed in to a script as positional parameters $1 and $2. With awk you'd just init the awk variables from them in the expected way:
awk -v beg="$1" -v end="$2" 'index($0,beg){f=1} f; index($0,end){f=0}' file
whereas with sed you'd have to do something like:
beg=$(sed 's/[^^]/[&]/g; s/\^/\\^/g' <<< "$1")
end=$(sed 's/[^^]/[&]/g; s/\^/\\^/g' <<< "$2")
sed -n "/^${beg}$/,/^${end}$/p" file
to deactivate any metacharacters present. See Is it possible to escape regex metacharacters reliably with sed for details on escaping RE metachars for sed.
Finally - as mentioned above you COULD use a range expression with strings in awk:
awk -v beg="$1" -v end="$2" 'index($0,beg),index($0,end)' file
but I personally have never found that useful, there's always some slight requirements change comes along to make me wish I'd started out using a flag. See Is a /start/,/end/ range expression ever useful in awk? for details on that