I am using an XML/HTML parser called Oga.
I am attempting to crawl this URL: http://www.johnvanderlyn.com and parse the body for text, like so:
def get_page
body = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse(#url))
document = Oga.parse_html(body)
end
document = get_page
words = document.css('body').text
When I get this error:
/gems/oga-2.7/lib/oga/xml/node_set.rb:276:in block in text': incompatible character encodings: ASCII-8BIT and UTF-8 (Encoding::CompatibilityError)
That is related to this bit of code here.
What could be causing this and how can I fix it? Is there a way for me to fix it locally, or do I have to fork the gem, fix that method and then use my fork?
Thoughts?
The bit of code you linked has nothing to do with the glitch, that is the issue of body is being interpreted in wrong encoding. Try adding body = body.force_encoding 'UTF-8' before parsing a document:
def get_page
body = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse(#url)).force_encoding 'UTF-8'
document = Oga.parse_html(body)
end
Related
I'm using redcarpet gem to render some markdown text to html, a portion of the markdown was user inserted, and they typed in a totally valid special character (£), but now when rendering it I get a: Encoding::UndefinedConversionError "\xC2" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8
I know it's the £ sign because if I replace it in the text to render then it all works. but they might be inserting other special characters.
I'm not sure how to deal with this, here's my code building the html:
def generate_document
temp_file_service = TempFileService.new
path = temp_file_service.path
template_url = TenantConfig.get('DEPOSIT_GUIDE_TEMPLATE') || DEFAULT_DOC
template = open(template_url, 'rb', &:read)
html = ERB.new(template).result(binding)
File.open( path, 'w') do |f|
f.write html
end
File.new(path, 'r')
end
the error is risen on the f.write line
here's my html.erb:
<%= markdown(clause.text) %>
and here's the helper:
def markdown(text)
Redcarpet::Markdown.new(Redcarpet::Render::HTML).render(text)
end
Note that the encoding problem happens only when saving the html to a file, somewhere else I correctly use the same markdown helper to render the text to the browser, and no problems there.
It would work also the other way, cleaning the markdown code before saving it to DB and replacing any special characters with the corresponding html code (ex. £ becomes £)
I tried having a before_save callback (as suggested here: Encoding::UndefinedConversionError: "\xC2" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8) :
before_save :convert_text
private
def convert_text
self.text = self.text.force_encoding("utf-8")
end
which didn't work
I also tried (as recommended here: Using ERB in Markdown with Redcarpet):
<%= markdown(extra_clause.text).html_safe %>
which didn't work either.
How would I fix either way?
in the end I solved this with adding force_encoding("UFT-8") to the html
like this:
f.write html.force_encoding("UTF-8")
it fixed it.
I'm trying to read a .txt file in ruby and split the text line-by-line.
Here is my code:
def file_read(filename)
File.open(filename, 'r').read
end
puts f = file_read('alice_in_wonderland.txt')
This works perfectly. But when I add the method line_cutter like this:
def file_read(filename)
File.open(filename, 'r').read
end
def line_cutter(file)
file.scan(/\w/)
end
puts f = line_cutter(file_read('alice_in_wonderland.txt'))
I get an error:
`scan': invalid byte sequence in UTF-8 (ArgumentError)
I found this online for untrusted website and tried to use it for my own code but it's not working. How can I remove this error?
Link to the file: File
The linked text file contains the following line:
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
If converting it isn't desired or possible then you have to tell Ruby that this file is ISO-8859-1 encoded. Otherwise the default external encoding is used (UTF-8 in your case). A possible way to do that is:
s = File.read('alice_in_wonderland.txt', encoding: 'ISO-8859-1')
s.encoding # => #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
Or even like this if you prefer your string UTF-8 encoded (see utf8everywhere.org):
s = File.read('alice_in_wonderland.txt', encoding: 'ISO-8859-1:UTF-8')
s.encoding # => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
It seems to work if you read the file directly from the page, maybe there's something funny about the local copy you have. Try this:
require 'net/http'
uri = 'http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/vip/teach/Algorithms/7_hash_RBtree_simpleDS/hw_hash_RBtree/alice_in_wonderland.txt'
scanned = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI.parse(uri)).body.scan(/\w/)
I am trying to convert a string from ISO-8859-1 encoding to UTF-8 but I can't seem to get it work. Here is an example of what I have done in irb.
irb(main):050:0> string = 'Norrlandsvägen'
=> "Norrlandsvägen"
irb(main):051:0> string.force_encoding('iso-8859-1')
=> "Norrlandsv\xC3\xA4gen"
irb(main):052:0> string = string.encode('utf-8')
=> "Norrlandsvägen"
I am not sure why Norrlandsvägen in iso-8859-1 will be converted into Norrlandsvägen in utf-8.
I have tried encode, encode!, encode(destinationEncoding, originalEncoding), iconv, force_encoding, and all kinds of weird work-arounds I could think of but nothing seems to work. Can someone please help me/point me in the right direction?
Ruby newbie still pulling hair like crazy but feeling grateful for all the replies here... :)
Background of this question: I am writing a gem that will download an xml file from some websites (which will have iso-8859-1 encoding) and save it in a storage and I would like to convert it to utf-8 first. But words like Norrlandsvägen keep messing me up. Really any help would be greatly appreciated!
[UPDATE]: I realized running tests like this in the irb console might give me different behaviors so here is what I have in my actual code:
def convert_encoding(string, originalEncoding)
puts "#{string.encoding}" # ASCII-8BIT
string.encode(originalEncoding)
puts "#{string.encoding}" # still ASCII-8BIT
string.encode!('utf-8')
end
but the last line gives me the following error:
Encoding::UndefinedConversionError - "\xC3" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8
Thanks to #Amadan's answer below, I noticed that \xC3 actually shows up in irb if you run:
irb(main):001:0> string = 'ä'
=> "ä"
irb(main):002:0> string.force_encoding('iso-8859-1')
=> "\xC3\xA4"
I have also tried to assign a new variable to the result of string.encode(originalEncoding) but got an even weirder error:
newString = string.encode(originalEncoding)
puts "#{newString.encoding}" # can't even get to this line...
newString.encode!('utf-8')
and the error is Encoding::UndefinedConversionError - "\xC3" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1
I am still quite lost in all of this encoding mess but I am really grateful for all the replies and help everyone has given me! Thanks a ton! :)
You assign a string, in UTF-8. It contains ä. UTF-8 represents ä with two bytes.
string = 'ä'
string.encoding
# => #<Encoding:UTF-8>
string.length
# 1
string.bytes
# [195, 164]
Then you force the bytes to be interpreted as if they were ISO-8859-1, without actually changing the underlying representation. This does not contain ä any more. It contains two characters, Ã and ¤.
string.force_encoding('iso-8859-1')
# => "\xC3\xA4"
string.length
# 2
string.bytes
# [195, 164]
Then you translate that into UTF-8. Since this is not reinterpretation but translation, you keep the two characters, but now encoded in UTF-8:
string = string.encode('utf-8')
# => "ä"
string.length
# 2
string.bytes
# [195, 131, 194, 164]
What you are missing is the fact that you originally don't have an ISO-8859-1 string, as you would from your Web-service - you have gibberish. Fortunately, this is all in your console tests; if you read the response of the website using the proper input encoding, it should all work okay.
For your console test, let's demonstrate that if you start with a proper ISO-8859-1 string, it all works:
string = 'Norrlandsvägen'.encode('iso-8859-1')
# => "Norrlandsv\xE4gen"
string = string.encode('utf-8')
# => "Norrlandsvägen"
EDIT For your specific problem, this should work:
require 'net/https'
uri = URI.parse("https://rusta.easycruit.com/intranet/careerbuilder_se/export/xml/full")
options = {
:use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https',
:verify_mode => OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
}
response = Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, options) do |https|
https.request(Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.path))
end
body = response.body.force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').encode('UTF-8')
There's a difference between force_encoding and encode. The former sets the encoding for the string, whereas the latter actually transcodes the contents of the string to the new encoding. Consequently, the following code causes your problem:
string = "Norrlandsvägen"
string.force_encoding('iso-8859-1')
puts string.encode('utf-8') # Norrlandsvägen
Whereas the following code will actually correctly encode your contents:
string = "Norrlandsvägen".encode('iso-8859-1')
string.encode!('utf-8')
Here's an example running in irb:
irb(main):023:0> string = "Norrlandsvägen".encode('iso-8859-1')
=> "Norrlandsv\xE4gen"
irb(main):024:0> string.encoding
=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
irb(main):025:0> string.encode!('utf-8')
=> "Norrlandsvägen"
irb(main):026:0> string.encoding
=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
The above answer was spot on. Specifically this point here:
There's a difference between force_encoding and encode. The former
sets the encoding for the string, whereas the latter actually
transcodes the contents of the string to the new encoding.
In my situation, I had a text file with iso-8859-1 encoding. By default, Ruby uses UTF-8 encoding, so if you were to try to read the file without specifying the encoding, then you would get an error:
results = File.read(file)
results.encoding
=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
results.split("\r\n")
ArgumentError: invalid byte sequence in UTF-8
You get an invalid byte sequence error because the characters in different encodings are represented by different byte lengths. Consequently, you would need to specify the encoding to the File API. Think of it like force_encoding:
results = File.read(file, encoding: "iso-8859-1")
So everything is good right? No, not if you want to start parsing the iso-8859-1 string with UTF-8 character encodings:
results = File.read(file, encoding: "iso-8859-1")
results.each do |line|
puts line.split('¬')
end
Encoding::CompatibilityError: incompatible character encodings: ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8
Why this error? Because '¬' is represented as UTF-8. You are using a UTF-8 character sequence against an ISO-8859-1 string. They are incompatible encodings. Consequently, after you read the File as a ISO-8859-1, then you can ask Ruby to encode that ISO-8859-1 into a UTF-8. And now you will be working with UTF-8 strings and thus no problems:
results = File.read(file, encoding: "iso-8859-1").encode('UTF-8')
results.encoding
results = results.split("\r\n")
results.each do |line|
puts line.split('¬')
end
Ultimately, with some Ruby APIs, you do not need to use force_encoding('ISO-8859-1'). Instead, you just specify the expected encoding to the API. However, you must convert it back to UTF-8 if you plan to parse it with UTF-8 strings.
ActionView::Template::Error (incompatible character encodings: UTF-8
and ASCII-8BIT): app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:27:in `new'
# GET /posts/new
def new
if params[:post]
#post = Post.new(post_params).dup
if #post.valid?
render :action => "confirm"
else
format.html { render action: 'new' }
format.json { render json: #post.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
end
else
#post = Post.new
#document = Document.new
#documents = #post.documents.all
#document = #post.documents.build
end
I don't know why it is happening.
Make sure config.encoding = "utf-8" is there in application.rb file.
Make sure you are using 'mysql2' gem instead mysql gem
Putting # encoding: utf-8 on top of rake file.
Above Rails.application.initialize! line in environment.rb file, add following two lines:
Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8
Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8
solution from here: http://rorguide.blogspot.in/2011/06/incompatible-character-encodings-ascii.html
If above solution not helped then I think you either copy/pasted a part of your Haml template into the file, or you're working with a non-Unicode/non-UTF-8 friendly editor.
If you can recreate that file from the scratch in a UTF-8 friendly editor. There are plenty for any platform and see whether this fixes your problem.
Sometimes you may get this error:
incompatible character encodings: ASCII-8BIT and UTF-8
That typically happens because you are trying to concatenate two strings, and one contains characters that do not map to the character-set of the other string. There are characters in ISO-8859-1 that do not have equivalents in UTF-8, and vice-versa and how to handle string joining with those incompatibilities requires the programmer to step in.
I was upgrading my rails and spree and the error was actually coming from cache
Deleting the cache solved the problem for me
rm -rf tmp/cache
Hello here is my script:
ARGV.each do |input_filename|
doc = Nokogiri::HTML(File.read(input_filename))
title, body = doc.title.gsub("/\s+/"," ").downcase.strip, doc.xpath('//body').inner_text.tr('"', '').gsub("\n", '').downcase.strip
link = doc.search("a[#href]") //Adding this part generates errors
filename = File.basename(input_filename, ".*")
puts %Q("#{title}", "#{body}", "#{filename}", "#{link}").downcase
end
I am having trouble extracting links from a list of html files. I believe the issue is due to unconventional coding in some of the html files. Here is the error i am getting.
extractor.rb:9:in `block in <main>': incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and CP850 (Encoding::CompatibilityError)
from extractor.rb:4:in `each'
from extractor.rb:4:in `<main>'
You can go about it a different way using the CSS selector:
doc.css('a').map { |link| link['href'] }
This would search the doc for all anchors and return their href text in an array.
Nokogiri stores Strings always as UTF-8 internally. Methods that return text values will always return UTF-8 encoded strings.
You have a conflict UTF-8 and cp850 (you are working with windows?).
You may adapt your File.read(input_filename)
Try
File.read(input_filename, :encoding => 'cp850:utf-8')
If your html-files are windows files.
If your html-files are already utf-8, the try:
File.read(input_filename, :encoding => 'utf-8')
Another solution may be a Encoding.default_external = 'utf-8' at the begin of your code. (I wouldn't recommend it, use it only for small scripts).