for i in *.txt;
do
xxd -l 3 $i >> log
done
I also want to log file names $i for each result. E.g.:
file_name
result_of_command
You probably just need to use printf:
for f in *.txt; do
printf "%s: %s\n" "$f" "$(xxd -l 3 "$f")"
done >> log
I'm not totally clear what you are asking, but is this what you want?
for i in *.txt;
do
echo "$i" >> log
xxd -l 3 $i >> log
done
It's better to use find with the -exec option to run a command for every file matching certain criteria.
If you want all files in your current directory matching *.txt you can use find. You can use the -exec option to run a command for each file. {} replaces the name of the file and \; (an escaped ; terminates the command). You can use + instead to tell find to replace {} with multiple filenames.
find . -type f -name '*.txt' -maxdepth 1 -exec xxd -l 3 {} \; >> log
Note that the above example includes hidden files, you can exclude them using a regex.
find . -type f \( ! -regex '.*/\..*' \) -name '*.txt' -maxdepth 1 -exec xxd -l 3 {} \; >> log
Also, if you're going to be globbing files in the current directory and using them in commands, always use ./*. Paths beginning with - are likely to be interpreted by your command as options.
Related
This is the folder structure that I have.
Using the find command find . -type d in root folder gives me the following result
Result
./folder1
./folder1/folder2
./folder1/folder2/folder3
However, I want the result to be only ./folder1/folder2/folder3. i.e only print the result if there's a file of type .txt present inside.
Can someone help with this scenario? Hope it makes sense.
find . -type f -name '*.txt' |
sed 's=/[^/]*\.txt$==' |
sort -u
Find all .txt files, remove file names with sed to get the parent directories only, then sort -u to remove duplicates.
This won’t work on file names/paths that contain a new line.
You may use this find command that finds all the *.txt files and then it gets unique their parent directory names:
find . -type f -name '*.txt' -exec bash -c '
for f; do
f="${f#.}"
printf "%s\0" "$PWD${f%/*}"
done
' _ {} + | awk -v RS='\0' '!seen[$0]++'
We are using printf "%s\0" to address directory names with newlines, spaces and glob characters.
Using gnu-awk to get only unique directory names printed
Using Associative array and Process Substitution.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
declare -A uniq_path
while IFS= read -rd '' files; do
path_name=${files%/*}
if ((!uniq_path["$path_name"]++)); then
printf '%s\n' "$path_name"
fi
done < <(find . -type f -name '*.txt' -print0)
Check the value of uniq_path
declare -p uniq_path
Maybe this POSIX one?
find root -type f -name '*.txt' -exec dirname {} \; | awk '!seen[$0]++'
* adds a trailing \n after each directory path
* breaks when a directory in a path has a \n in its name
Or this BSD/GNU one?
find root -type f -name '*.txt' -exec dirname {} \; -exec printf '\0' \; | sort -z -u
* adds a trailing \n\0 after each directory path
I have a large directory of folders, each of which has only one file:
directory/folder1/208hasdfasdf.jpg
directory/folder2/f230fsdf.gif
directory/folder3/23fsdbfasf.jpg
I'd like to rename this to:
directory2/folder1/folder1.jpg
directory2/folder2/folder2.gif
directory3/folder3/folder3.jpg
How can I do that?
For the path and filenames shown, you can use a loop and combination of find and sed to make the substitutions, e.g.
for f in $(find directory -type f -wholename "*folder*"); do
mv "$f" $(sed -E 's|^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/([^.]+)[.](.*)$|\1/\2/\2.\4|' <<< "$f")
done
Where sed -E 's|^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/([^.]+)[.](.*)$|\1/\2/\2.\4| uses the alternative delimiter '|' instead of '/' to ease dealing with pathnames, and then separates and captures the "directory" with ^([^/]+) and then the "folderX" with ([^/]+), followed by the filename without the extension ([^.]+) and lastly the extension (.*)$ making each component available through the numbered backreferences \1, \2, \3, and \4, respectively.
Then to form the new filename, you just duplicate the \2 foldername in place of the \3 filename, for a new filename of \1/\2/\2.\4
Example Use/Output
$ find tmp-david -type f -wholename "*folder*"
tmp-david/folder3/23fsdbfasf.jpg
tmp-david/folder2/f230fsdf.gif
tmp-david/folder1/208hasdfasdf.jpg
And the replacement of the filenames with
$ for f in $(find tmp-david -type f -wholename "*folder*"); do
> mv "$f" $(sed -E 's|^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/([^.]+)[.](.*)$|\1/\2/\2.\4|' <<< "$f")
> done
Resulting in:
$ find tmp-david -type f -wholename "*folder*"
tmp-david/folder3/folder3.jpg
tmp-david/folder2/folder2.gif
tmp-david/folder1/folder1.jpg
You could try something like this, assuming you're using bash:
find directory/ \( -name '*.gif' -o -name '*.jpg' \) -print |
while read old; do
parent=${old%/*}
base=${parent##*/}
ext=${old##*.}
mv $old $parent/$base.$ext
done
If you're dealing with filenames that contain whitespace you're going
to need to massage this a bit.
Before running this script:
$ find directory -type f -print
directory/folder2/f230fsdf.gif
directory/folder1/208hasdfasdf.jpg
directory/folder3/23fsdbfasf.jpg
After running this script:
$ find directory -type f -print
directory/folder2/folder2.gif
directory/folder1/folder1.jpg
directory/folder3/folder3.jpg
I want to rename a file present in several subdirectories using bash script.
my files are in folders:
./FolderA/ABCD/ABCD_Something.ctl
./FolderA/EFGH/EFGH_Something.ctl
./FolderA/WXYZ/WXYZ_Something.ctl
I want to rename all of the .ctl file with the same name (name.ctl).
I tried several command using mv or rename but didnt work.
Working from FolderA:
find . -name '*.ctl' -exec rename *.ctl name.ctl '{}' \;
or
for f in ./*/*.ctl; do mv "$f" "${f/*.ctl/name .ctl}"; done
or
for f in $(find . -type f -name '*.ctl'); do mv $f $(echo "$f" | sed 's/*.ctl/name.ctl/'); done
Can you help me using bash?
thanks
You can do this with one line with:
find . -name *.ctl -exec sh -c 'mv "$1" `dirname "$1"`/name.ctl' x {} \;
The x just allows the filename to be positional character 1 rather than 0 which (in my opinion) wrong to use as a parameter.
Try this:
find . -name '*.ctl' | while read f; do
dn=$(dirname "${f}")
# remove the echo after you sanity check the output
echo mv "${f}" "${dn}/name.ctl"
done
find should get all the files you want, dirname will get just the directory name, and mv will perform the rename. You can remove the quotes if you're sure that you'll never have spaces in the names.
i think that i don't understand very well how the find command in Unix works; i have this code for counting the number of files in each folder but i want to count the number of lines of each file found and save the total in variable.
find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
nb_fichier_R="$(find "$file" -type f -maxdepth 1 -iname '*.R' | wc -l)"
nb_ligne_fichier_R= "$(find "$file" -type f -maxdepth 1 -iname '*.R' -exec wc -l {} +)"
echo "$nb_ligne_fichier_R"
done
output:
43 .//system d exploi/r-repos/gbm/R/basehaz.gbm.R
90 .//system d exploi/r-repos/gbm/R/calibrate.plot.R
45 .//system d exploi/r-repos/gbm/R/checks.R
178 total: File name too long
can i just save to total number of lines in my variable? here in my example just save 178 and that for each files in my folder "$d_path"
Many Thanks
Maybe I'm missing something, but wouldn't this do what you want?
wc -l R/*.[Rr]
Solution:
find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R | while IFS= read -r file; do
nb_fichier_R="$(find "$file" -type f -maxdepth 1 -iname '*.R' | wc -l)"
echo "$nb_fichier_R" #here is fine
find "$file" -type f -maxdepth 1 -iname '*.R' | while IFS= read -r fille; do
wc -l $fille #here is the problem nothing shown
done
done
Explanation:
adding -print0 the first find produced no newline so you had to tell read -d '' to tell it not to look for a newline. Your subsequent finds output newlines so you can use read without a delimiter. I removed -print0 and -d '' from all calls so it is consistent and idiomatic. Newlines are good in the unix world.
For the command:
find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R -print0
there can be at most one directory that matches ("$d_path/R"). For that one directory, you want to print:
The number of files matching *.R
For each such file, the number of lines in it.
Allowing for spaces in $d_path and in the file names is most easily handled, I find, with an auxilliary shell script. The auxilliary script processes the directories named on its command line. You then invoke that script from the main find command.
counter.sh
shopt -s nullglob;
for dir in "$#"
do
count=0
for file in "$dir"/*.R; do ((count++)); done
echo "$count"
wc -l "$dir"/*.R </dev/null
done
The shopt -s nullglob option means that if there are no .R files (with names that don't start with a .), then the glob expands to nothing rather than expanding to a string containing *.R at the end. It is convenient in this script. The I/O redirection on wc ensures that if there are no files, it reads from /dev/null, reporting 0 lines (rather than sitting around waiting for you to type something).
On the other hand, the find command will find names that start with a . as well as those that do not, whereas the globbing notation will not. The easiest way around that is to use two globs:
for file in "$dir"/*.R "$dir"/.*.R; do ((count++)); done
or use find (rather carefully):
find . -type f -name '*.R' -exec sh -c 'echo $#' arg0 {} +
Using counter.sh
find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R -exec sh ./counter.sh {} +
This script allows for the possibility of more than one sub-directory (if you remove -maxdepth 1) and invokes counter.sh with all the directories to be examined as arguments. The script itself carefully handles file names so that whether there are spaces, tabs or newlines (or any other character) in the names, it will work correctly. The sh ./counter.sh part of the find command assumes that the counter.sh script is in the current directory. If it can be found on $PATH, then you can drop the sh and the ./.
Discussion
The technique of having find execute a command with the list of file name arguments is powerful. It avoids issues with -print0 and using xargs -0, but gives you the same reliable handling of arbitrary file names, including names with spaces, tabs and newlines. If there isn't already a command that does what you need (but you could write one as a shell script), then do so and use it. If you might need to do the job more than once, you can keep the script. If you're sure you won't, you can delete it after you're done with it. It is generally much easier to handle files with awkward names like this than it is to fiddle with $IFS.
Consider this solution:
# If `"$dir"/*.R` doesn't match anything, yield nothing instead of giving the pattern.
shopt -s nullglob
# Allows matching both `*.r` and `*.R` in one expression. Using them separately would
# give double results.
shopt -s nocaseglob
while IFS= read -ru 4 -d '' dir; do
files=("$dir"/*.R)
echo "${#files[#]}"
for file in "${files[#]}"; do
wc -l "$file"
done
# Use process substitution to prevent going to a subshell. This may not be
# necessary for now but it could be useful to future modifications.
# Let's also use a custom fd to keep troubles isolated.
# It works with `-u 4`.
done 4< <(exec find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R -print0)
Another form is to use readarray which allocates all found directories at once. Only caveat is that it can only read normal newline-terminated paths.
shopt -s nullglob
shopt -s nocaseglob
readarray -t dirs < <(exec find "$d_path" -type d -maxdepth 1 -name R)
for dir in "${dirs[#]}"; do
files=("$dir"/*.R)
echo "${#files[#]}"
for file in "${files[#]}"; do
wc -l "$file"
done
done
I have a task where I need to move a bunch of files from one directory to another. I need move all files with the same file name (i.e. blah.pdf, blah.txt, blah.html, etc...) at the same time, and I can move a set of these every four minutes. I had a short bash script to just move a single file at a time at these intervals, but the new name requirement is throwing me off.
My old script is:
find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type f | while read line; do mv "$line" ~/target_dir/; echo "$line"; sleep 240; done
For the new script, I basically just need to replace find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type f
with a list of unique file names without their extensions. I can then just replace do mv "$line" ~/target_dir/; with do mv "$line*" ~/target_dir/;.
So, with all of that said. What's a good way to get a unique list of files without their file names with bash script? I was thinking about using a regex to grab file names and then throwing them in a hash to get uniqueness, but I'm hoping there's an easier/better/quicker way. Ideas?
A weird-named files tolerant one-liner could be:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -and -iname 'blah*' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} mv {} ~/target/dir
If the files can start with multiple prefixes, you can use logic operators in find. For example, to move blah.* and foo.*, use:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -and \( -iname 'blah.*' -or -iname 'foo.*' \) -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} mv {} ~/target/dir
EDIT
Updated after comment.
Here's how I'd do it:
find ./ -type f -printf '%f\n' | sed 's/\..*//' | sort | uniq | ( while read filename ; do find . -type f -iname "$filename"'*' -exec mv {} /dest/dir \; ; sleep 240; done )
Perhaps it needs some explaination:
find ./ -type f -printf '%f\n': find all files and print just their name, followed by a newline. If you don't want to look in subdirectories, this can be substituted by a simple ls;
sed 's/\..*//': strip the file extension by removing everything after the first dot. Both foo.tar ad foo.tar.gz are transformed into foo;
sort | unique: sort the filenames just found and remove duplicates;
(: open a subshell:
while read filename: read a line and put it into the $filename variable;
find . -type f -iname "$filename"'*' -exec mv {} /dest/dir \;: find in the current directory (find .) all the files (-type f) whose name starts with the value in filename (-iname "$filename"'*', this works also for files containing whitespaces in their name) and execute the mv command on each one (-exec mv {} /dest/dir \;)
sleep 240: sleep
): end of subshell.
Add -maxdepth 1 as argument to find as you see fit for your requirements.
Nevermind, I'm dumb. there's a uniq command. Duh. New working script is: find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type f | sed -e 's/.[a-zA-Z]*$//' | uniq | while read line; do mv "$line*" ~/target_dir/; echo "$line"; sleep 240; done
EDIT: Forgot close tag on code and a backslash.