I trying to learn laravel and to do some tests/demo apps. I've struggling now with laravel/eloquent tables relations. And I need advice.
I have 3 models [Application, Term, AppState] and their tables applications[id, terms_id, appStates_id, and other cols ], terms[id, startDate, endDate, ...], app_states[id, caption]
Application.php
public function term()
{
return $this->belongsTo('App\Term');
}
public function appState()
{
return $this->belongsTo('App\AppState');
}
in Term.php and AppState.php i have:
public function applications()
{
return $this->hasMany('App\Application');
}
How I can get let's say "caption"/"startDay"+"endDate" in blade for each application? I can get their ids $app->terms_id/$app->appStates_id in foreach loop, but i want get caption value from app_states table.
Has to be this relations also specified in migrations? In some tuts is mentioned, that is not needed in case i want to handle it only in laravel.
Thanks for advice
You can access a model's relationship values by calling the relationship method like a property.
$application = Application::find(1);
$application->term->startDate;
$application->term->endDate;
$application->appState->caption;
Also your relationship with AppState is wrong, since your foreign key doesn't follow a snake_case typing, you'll need to provide the appropriate key for it
public function appState()
{
return $this->belongsTo('App\AppState', 'appStates_id');
}
You might also want to check terms_id as well since the model name (Term) is singular but the foreign key is plural.
Has to be this relations also specified in migrations? In some tuts is mentioned, that is not needed in case i want to handle it only in laravel.
Well, yes, you don't need to if Laravel will only be the one accessing that database. But if any cases in the near future you decide to migrate to a different framework or use the same database in another application, it's better to include these relationships in the migration. Also a database administrator would probably cringe if you don't.
So provided your relationships are correctly setup, you can access them anywhere you have an instance of that model.
So for example, lets say you have passed a collection of applications to your view ($apps):
#foreach($apps as $app)
{{ $app->term->startDate }}
{{ $app->term->endDate }}
{{ $app->appState->caption }}
#endforeach
Important Note: We are accessing the Eloquent relationship using ->appState rather than ->appState(). The later is actually accessing a Query Builder instance and has some more advanced use cases
I have two tables related by many to many relation in Laravel Framework. I can display data from each table separately, but not through relation by taking one record from the 1st table and checking related records in the 2nd table. In tinker it accesses data fine.
Relations:
public function underperformances() {
return $this->belongsToMany(Underperformance::Class);
}
...
public function procedures() {
return $this->belongsToMany(Procedure::class);
}
My resource controller part:
...
use App\Underperformance;
use App\Procedure;
...
public function index()
{
$books = Underperformance::orderBy('id','desc')->paginate(9);
$procedures = Procedure::all();
return view('underpcon.underps', compact('books', 'procedures'));
}
Route:
Route::get('/underps', 'UnderpsController#index');
If I try to display data like this:
#foreach($procedures as $procedure)
<li>{{$procedure->underperformances}}</li>
#endforeach
I get such format to the browser:
[{"id":1,"title":"Spare part not taken before service","description":"tekstas","level":"1","costs":600 ...
This is correct data from related table, but I cannot select further the specific column from that table. For example this does not work:
#foreach($procedures as $procedure)
<li>{{$procedure->underperformances->id}}</li>
#endforeach
Nor this one:
#foreach ($procedures->underperformances as $underperformance)
<li>{{$underperformance->id}}</li>
#endforeach
How do I select records of the related table and display specific data from that table?
What would be a conventional way to do this?
#foreach($procedures as $procedure)
<li>{{$procedure->underperformances->id}}</li>
#endforeach
^ This right there $procedure->underperformances will return a collection, not a single item, so you need to treat it as array, you will not be able to access the id directly, you can either #foreach that, or use the pluck method in Laravel Collections.
I want to implement page view counter in my app. What I've done so far is using this method :
public function showpost($titleslug) {
$post = Post::where('titleslug','=',$titleslug)->firstOrFail();
$viewed = Session::get('viewed_post', []);
if (!in_array($post->id, $viewed)) {
$post->increment('views');
Session::push('viewed_post', $post->id);
}
return view('posts/show', compact('post', $post));
}
I retrieve the popular posts list like this :
$popular_posts = Post::orderBy('views', 'desc')->take(10)->get();
However, I'd like to know if there are any better ways to do this ? And with my current method, can I get a list of most viewed posts in the past 24 hours ? That's all and thanks!
As quoted in # milo526's comment, you can record all hits to your pages in a unique way instead of an increment. With this you have many possibilities to search for access information, including the listing of the posts sorted by most viewed.
Create a table to save your view records:
Schema::create("posts_views", function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->engine = "InnoDB";
$table->increments("id");
$table->increments("id_post");
$table->string("titleslug");
$table->string("url");
$table->string("session_id");
$table->string("user_id");
$table->string("ip");
$table->string("agent");
$table->timestamps();
});
Then, create the corresponding model:
<?php namespace App\Models;
class PostsViews extends \Eloquent {
protected $table = 'posts_views';
public static function createViewLog($post) {
$postsViews= new PostsViews();
$postsViews->id_post = $post->id;
$postsViews->titleslug = $post->titleslug;
$postsViews->url = \Request::url();
$postsViews->session_id = \Request::getSession()->getId();
$postsViews->user_id = \Auth::user()->id;
$postsViews->ip = \Request::getClientIp();
$postsViews->agent = \Request::header('User-Agent');
$postsViews->save();
}
}
Finally, your method:
public function showpost($titleslug)
{
$post = PostsViews::where('titleslug', '=' ,$titleslug)->firstOrFail();
PostsViews::createViewLog($post);
//Rest of method...
}
To search the most viewed posts in the last 24 hours:
$posts = Posts::join("posts_views", "posts_views.id_post", "=", "posts.id")
->where("created_at", ">=", date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime('-24 hours', time())))
->groupBy("posts.id")
->orderBy(DB::raw('COUNT(posts.id)', 'desc'))
->get(array(DB::raw('COUNT(posts.id) as total_views'), 'posts.*'));
Note that in PostsViews, you have data that can help further filter your listing, such as the session id, in case you do not want to consider hits from the same session.
You may need to adapt some aspects of this solution to your final code.
2020 Update (2)/ With Eloquent Relationships for Laravel 6
If you don't want to add a package to your application. I have developed the following solution based on "Jean Marcos" and "Learner" contribution to the question and my own research.
All credit goes to "Jean Marcos" and "Learner", I felt like I should do the same as Learner and update the code in a way the would be beneficial to others.
First of all, make sure you have a sessions table in the database. Otherwise, follow the steps in Laravel documentations to do so: HTTP Session
Make sure that the sessions are stored in the table. If not, make sure to change the SESSION_DRIVER variable at the .env set to 'database' not 'file' and do composer dump-autoload afterwards.
After that, you are all set to go. You can start by running the following console command:
php artisan make:model PostView -m
This will generate both the model and migration files.
Inside of the migration file put the following Schema. Be cautious with the columns names. For example, my posts table have the "slug" column title name instead of the "titleslug" which was mentioned in the question.
Schema::create('post_views', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments("id");
$table->unsignedInteger("post_id");
$table->string("titleslug");
$table->string("url");
$table->string("session_id");
$table->unsignedInteger('user_id')->nullable();
$table->string("ip");
$table->string("agent");
$table->timestamps();
});
Then put the following code inside the PostView model file.
<?php
namespace App;
use App\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class PostView extends Model
{
public function postView()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Post::class);
}
public static function createViewLog($post) {
$postViews= new PostView();
$postViews->post_id = $post->id;
$postViews->slug = $post->slug;
$postViews->url = request()->url();
$postViews->session_id = request()->getSession()->getId();
$postViews->user_id = (auth()->check())?auth()->id():null;
$postViews->ip = request()->ip();
$postViews->agent = request()->header('User-Agent');
$postViews->save();
}
}
Now inside the Post model write the following code. This to create the relation between the posts table and the post_views table.
use App\PostView;
public function postView()
{
return $this->hasMany(PostView::class);
}
In the same Post model you should put the following code. If the user is not logged in the the code will test the IP match. Otherwise, it will test both the session ID and the user ID as each user might have multiple sessions.
public function showPost()
{
if(auth()->id()==null){
return $this->postView()
->where('ip', '=', request()->ip())->exists();
}
return $this->postView()
->where(function($postViewsQuery) { $postViewsQuery
->where('session_id', '=', request()->getSession()->getId())
->orWhere('user_id', '=', (auth()->check()));})->exists();
}
You are ready now to run the migration.
php artisan migrate
When the user ask for the post. The following function should be targeted inside the PostController file:
use App\PostView;
public function show(Post $post)
{
//Some bits from the following query ("category", "user") are made for my own application, but I felt like leaving it for inspiration.
$post = Post::with('category', 'user')->withCount('favorites')->find($post->id);
if($post->showPost()){// this will test if the user viwed the post or not
return $post;
}
$post->increment('views');//I have a separate column for views in the post table. This will increment the views column in the posts table.
PostView::createViewLog($post);
return $post;
}
As I have a separate column for views in the post table. To search the most viewed posts in the last 24 hours you write this code in the controller. Remove paginate if you don't have pagination:
public function mostViwedPosts()
{
return Posts::with('user')->where('created_at','>=', now()->subdays(1))->orderBy('views', 'desc')->latest()->paginate(5);
}
I hope this would help/save someones time.
2020 Update
First of all, thanks a lot "Jean Marcos" for his awesome answer. All credit goes to him, I am just pasting a slightly modified answer combining my knowledge of Laravel as well.
Create a table to save your view records and name it with snake_case plural: post_views
Schema::create("post_views", function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->engine = "InnoDB";//this is basically optional as you are not using foreign key relationship so you could go with MyISAM as well
$table->increments("id");
//please note to use integer NOT increments as "Jean Marcos' answer" because it will throw error "Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key" when running migration.
$table->unsignedInteger("post_id");//note that the Laravel way of defining foreign keys is "table-singular-name_id", so it's preferable to use that
$table->string("titleslug");
$table->string("url");
$table->string("session_id");
$table->unsignedInteger('user_id')->nullable();//here note to make it nullable if your page is accessible publically as well not only by logged in users. Also its more appropriate to have "unsignedInteger" type instead of "string" type as mentioned in Jean Marcos' answer because user_id will save same data as id field of users table which in most cases will be an auto incremented id.
$table->string("ip");
$table->string("agent");
$table->timestamps();
});
Then, create the corresponding model. Please note to create "PascalCase" model name and singular form of the table so it should be like: PostView
<?php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class PostView extends Model
{
public static function createViewLog($post) {
$postViews= new PostView();
$postViews->listing_id = $post->id;
$postViews->url = \Request::url();
$postViews->session_id = \Request::getSession()->getId();
$postViews->user_id = (\Auth::check())?\Auth::id():null; //this check will either put the user id or null, no need to use \Auth()->user()->id as we have an inbuild function to get auth id
$postViews->ip = \Request::getClientIp();
$postViews->agent = \Request::header('User-Agent');
$postViews->save();//please note to save it at lease, very important
}
}
Then run the migration to generate this table
php artisan migrate
Finally, your method:
public function showpost($titleslug)
{
$post = PostView::where('titleslug', '=' ,$titleslug)->firstOrFail();
\App\PostView::createViewLog($post);//or add `use App\PostView;` in beginning of the file in order to use only `PostView` here
//Rest of method...
}
To search the most viewed posts in the last 24 hours:
$posts = Posts::join("post_views", "post_views.id_post", "=", "posts.id")
->where("created_at", ">=", date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime('-24 hours', time())))
->groupBy("posts.id")
->orderBy(DB::raw('COUNT(posts.id)'), 'desc')//here its very minute mistake of a paranthesis in Jean Marcos' answer, which results ASC ordering instead of DESC so be careful with this line
->get([DB::raw('COUNT(posts.id) as total_views'), 'posts.*']);
Note that in PostView, you have data that can help further filter your listing, such as the session id, in case you do not want to consider hits from the same session.
You may need to adapt some aspects of this solution to your final code.
So those were few modifications I wanted to point out, also you might want to put an additional column client_internet_ip in which you can store \Request::ip() which can be used as a filter as well if required.
I hope it helps
Eloquent Viewable package can be used for this purpose. It provides more flexible ways to do stuff like this(counting page views).
Note:The Eloquent Viewable package requires PHP 7+ and Laravel 5.5+.
Make Model viewable:
Just add the Viewable trait to the model definition like:
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use CyrildeWit\EloquentViewable\Viewable;
class Post extends Model
{
use Viewable;
// ...
}
Then in the controller:
public function show(Post $post)
{
$post->addView();
return view('blog.post', compact('post'));
}
After that you can do stuff like this:(see package installation guide for more details)
// Get the total number of views
$post->getViews();
// Get the total number of views since the given date
$post->getViews(Period::since(Carbon::parse('2014-02-23 00:00:00')));
// Get the total number of views between the given date range
$post->getViews(Period::create(Carbon::parse('2014-00-00 00:00:00'), Carbon::parse('2016-00-00 00:00:00')));
// Get the total number of views in the past 6 weeks (from today)
$post->getViews(Period::pastWeeks(6));
// Get the total number of views in the past 2 hours (from now)
$post->getViews(Period::subHours(2));
// Store a new view in the database
$post->addView();
Implements same kind of idea as in the accepted answer, but provides more features and flexibilities.
First of all thanks to user33192 for sharing the eloquent viewable. Just want to make it clearer for others after looking at the docs. Look at the docs to install the package.
Do this in your Post Model:
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use CyrildeWit\EloquentViewable\InteractsWithViews;
use CyrildeWit\EloquentViewable\Viewable;
class Post extends Model implements Viewable
{
use InteractsWithViews;
// ...
}
In your posts controller, use the record method to save a view;
public function show($slug)
{
$post = Post::where('slug',$slug)->first();
views($post)->record();
return view('posts.show',compact('post'));
}
In your views you can return the views (mine is posts.show) as you want. Check the document for more. I will just the total views of a post.
<button class="btn btn-primary">
{{ views($post)->count() }} <i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
</button>
I'm new to Stack Overflow and Laravel.
I try to develop a variable profilesystem in Laravel and I got 3 tables ('User', 'User_Fields', 'Fields').
The structure of the Fields table is following:
The structure of the user_fields table is following:
The User table is the standard table which came with Laravel 5
Now I want to get all fields from user_fields depending on which user is selected or logged in. If the user_field doesn't exists, the model should return null or create a new record for the user_field.
I tried a lot of "solutions" which came with eloquent like (hasManyThrough, belongsToMany) but I don't get the result I wanted.
Is there any solution with relationship methods?
Thanks for your help, and sorry for my bad english :/
You should be using the belongsToMany()->withPivot() to retrieve the intermediate table columns. Your user_fields is your pivot table so on your user model you should have:
class User extends Model
{
public function fields()
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Field::class, 'user_fields')->withPivot('value');
}
}
Then you can access your values for a user by:
$user = User::find($id);
foreach($user->fields as $field) {
$field->pivot->value;
}
I need to check if ManyToMany relationship exists. I have a business that can have many members and members that can have many businesses.
I have pivot table: business_member. I am trying to use the code I found in this post, but I'm getting an error on Laravel.
When I try to run the mysql query from an editor, I get no errors and an empty results.
In my Business model:
public function membersCount()
{
return $this->belongsToMany('App\Member')->selectRaw('count(members.member_id) as aggregate')->groupBy('pivot_business_id');
}
public function getMembersCount()
{
if ( ! array_key_exists('membersCount', $this->relations)) $this->load('membersCount');
$related = $this->getRelation('membersCount')->first();
return ($related) ? $related->aggregate : 0;
}
In my controller:
$business = Business::findOrFail($id);
dd($business->getMembersCount());
I get this error:
SQLSTATE[42000]:
Syntax error or access violation:
1055 'ccf.business_member.member_id' isn't in GROUP BY
(SQL: select count(members.member_id) as aggregate, `business_member`.`business_id` as `pivot_business_id`, `business_member`.`member_id` as `pivot_member_id` from `members` inner join `business_member` on `members`.`member_id` = `business_member`.`member_id` where `business_member`.`business_id` in (2) group by `pivot_business_id`)
It is much easier than that. First you need to define manyToMany relationship in your Business model like this:
/**
* The members that belong to the business.
*/
public function members()
{
return $this->belongsToMany('App\Members');
}
If you want to check how many members a given business has you can do it like this for example:
$business = Business::findOrFail($id);
dd($business->members()->count());