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How to calculate the Grundy number for states of a 4*4 matrix. A valid move consists of transforming the 1s into 0s of a submatrix having all 1s.
Example:
1010
0011
0000
0000
Grundy Number = 2
I checked for smaller cases and calculated the Grundy number for that, but couldn't extend it for any binary 4*4 matrix. So, please help me to calculate this.
Note: Can convert 1 to 0 only in submatrix.
The Grundy number is calculated recursively through the reachable positions:
Start with the final position (all zeros) which is a loss (0).
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 = 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
Proceed to add ones to the matrix to get the values for the other configurations. Some examples with exactly one 1.
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 1 0 = 0 0 0 1 = 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
For two 1s we have to distinguish if the 1s are adjacent and can be removed in one move or not.
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0* 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 = 0 0 1 0 = 0 0 0 1 = 0 0 0 1 = 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 = 0 0 1 1 = 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The same for three and more 1s.
1 0 1 0*
0 0 0 1 = 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0* 1 0 0 0* 0 0 1 0*
0 0 1 0 = 0 0 1 1 = 0 0 1 1 = 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finally we can evaluate the given matrix. Reachable positions from the example are marked with a star *. So we can easily see that the number we are looking for is mex(0, 1, 3) = 2.
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 = 2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
A pseudo program could look as simple as this (the grundy function has to support scalar state and arrays or vectors of states for this to work):
grundy(0) = 0
grundy(state) = mex(grundy(reachableStates(state)))
Related
I'm trying to find the 4-neighbors of all 1's in a matrix of 0's and 1's using the J programming language. I have a method worked out, but am trying to find a method that is more compact.
To illustrate, let's say I have the matrix M—
] M=. 4 4$0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
and I want to generate—
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
I've sorted something close (which I owe to this little gem: https://www.reddit.com/r/cellular_automata/comments/9kw21u/i_made_a_34byte_implementation_of_conways_game_of/)—
] +/+/(|:i:1*(2 2)$1 0 0 1)&|.M
0 0 1 0
0 1 2 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
which is fine because I'll be weighting the initial 1's anyway (and the actual numbers aren't really that important for my application anyway). But I feel like this could be more compact and I've just hit a wall. And the compactness of the expression actually is important to my application.
Building on #Eelvex comment solution, if you are willing to make the verb dyadic it becomes pretty simple. The left argument can be the rotation matrix and then the result is composed with +./ which is a logical or and can be weighted however you want.
] M0=. 4 4$0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
] m =.2,\5$0,i:1
0 _1
_1 0
0 1
1 0
m +./#:|. M0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
There is still an issue with the edges (which wrap) around, but that also occurs with your original solution, so I am hoping that you are not concerned with that.
] M1=. 4 4$1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
m +./#:|. M1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
If you did want to clean that up, you can use the slightly longer m +./#:(|.!.0), which fills the rotation with 0's.
] M2=. 4 4$ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
m +./#:(|.!.0) M2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
m +./#:(|.!.0) M1
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
I would to like to selection the dark gray pixels from gray image.
J = rgb2gray(I);
Newfigure = zeros(size(J));
[k,l] =find(J<130);
Newfigure(k,l) = J(k,l);
imshow(Newfigure)
when visualize the Newfigure, I see the zone of circle like square. Why does this happen?
This is due to the way you index into Newfigure. Look at the following:
>> test = zeros(10);
>> test([2,8], [1,2]) = 1
test =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
This is different from
>> test = zeros(10);
>> test(2, 1) = 1;
>> test(8, 2) = 1
test =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
You could either use a loop like
Newfigure = zeros(size(J));
for n = 1:numel(k);
Newfigure(k(n), l(n)) = J(k(n), l(n));
end
or simply use
Newfigure = J < 130;
imshow(Newfigure);
Get rid of the find(...) and just use logical indices. It'll be faster too...
J = rgb2gray(I);
Newfigure = zeros(size(J));
tf = J<130;
Newfigure(tf) = J(tf);
imshow(Newfigure)
The tf variable will be an array of 0s/1s (true/false), the same size as J which you can then use to index the arrays as shown.
Suppose that I have a 6 by 6 matrix/image A with a pattern in it, i.e.
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
And suppose that I have a template of Pattern that I want to recognize,
i.e. a 5 by 5 matrix B
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
Suppose we can apply matrix algebra, element wise calculation.
What's the quickest and efficient way to recognize the existence of pattern indicated by matrix B in matrix A?(Notice the "angle" of rotation in A was generate treated as unknown.)
I wonder what is the most effective way to solve the following problem:
(If there is a name for this problem, I would like to know it as well)
[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
If I have an image where I am interested in the following pixels marked by 1. In an image I want to calculate a sum around this block. A sum of block is easy to calculate from an integral image but I don't want to do it for the whole image, since there is a lot of unnecessary computation.
One option that I can come up with is to search the minimum and maximum in horizontal and vertical directions and then take a rectangular portion of the image enlarged so that it will covered the block portion. For example +2 pixels each directions, if the block size is 5. But this solution still includes unnecessary calculation.
If I had a list of these indices, I could loop through them and calculate the sum for each block but then if there is another pixel close by which has the same pixels in its block, I need to recalculate them and If I save them, I somehow need to look if they are already calculated or not and that takes time as well.
Is there a known solution for this sort of a problem?
I have a datafile contains two 101*101 matrix of float numbers, one is data and the other is error.
It looks like this
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10381.8 0 0 3462.03 10341 0 6889.64
6919.26 6916.64 3459.49 10349.8 13781.3 6887.57 24157.2
3459.66 0 24158.9 13792.6 3433.65 27579.4 24117.4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# Errors [Positon_sample/samp_psd.txt] I_err:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4892.66 4890.8 3459.49 5975.49 6890.64 4870.25 9130.63
3459.66 0 9131.25 6896.32 3433.65 9750.84 9115.54
3464.99 4888.97 5972.77 11419.1 7713.44 8438.29 9093.38
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Now I would like to only plot the first matrix.
I use "plot 'E:\samp_psd.txt' matrix with image"
But the program corrupt...
It seems that I should set the dimension of the matrix,
My case is a little similar like this
Gnuplot plot Matrix over Matrix
I would separate the two matrices with two empty lines like this:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10381.8 0 0 3462.03 10341 0 6889.64
6919.26 6916.64 3459.49 10349.8 13781.3 6887.57 24157.2
3459.66 0 24158.9 13792.6 3433.65 27579.4 24117.4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# Errors [Positon_sample/samp_psd.txt] I_err:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4892.66 4890.8 3459.49 5975.49 6890.64 4870.25 9130.63
3459.66 0 9131.25 6896.32 3433.65 9750.84 9115.54
3464.99 4888.97 5972.77 11419.1 7713.44 8438.29 9093.38
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Then you can access a single matrix with the index command like this:
plot "samp_psd.txt" index 0 matrix with image