Log all methods called in an app by Xposed - xposed

As title said, I want to use xposed to log all methods called in an app from it start till I stop it. I only want to log Class name, Method name, don't want to hook all method.
I try this code, but get error getMethod not found.
findAndHookMethod("java.lang.Class", lpparam.classLoader, "getMethod", String.class, Object.class, new XC_MethodHook()
Thanks in advance!

There is no one line solution like what you seem to be searching.
Hooking all methods will let log what methods were called by app from it start till stop (sort of - see below), but if (for some reason) you don't want to hook all methods, the only solution I can think of is modifying the java VM itself (NOT something I would recommend.)
A solution that (sort of) works
What I did was first use apktool to decompile my apk and get the names of all the methods in all the classes.
Then I used xposed to hook into every single method of every class and print to the dlog the current function name.
Why it only sort of works
Xposed has an overhead whenever it hook a methods. For general usage of xposed apps, it isnt much. But when you start hooking each and every methods of an app, the overhead very quickly becomes ridiculously large - So much so that while the above methods works for small apps, for any large app it very quickly causes the app to hang and then crash.
An alternative that also sort-of works
FRIDA is a way to inject javascript to native apps. Here they show you how to log all function calls. While in the above link they log all function calls in a piece of python code, the same code also works for Android.

There is a way to log all Java methods.Modify XposedBridge.
Xposed hook java method through XposedBridge.java's method
"handleHookedMethod(Member method, int originalMethodId, Object additionalInfoObj, thisObject, Object[] args)"
Log.v(TAG, "className " + method.getClass().getName() + ",methodName " + method.getName());

As mentioned before Xposed is not the way to go in this situation due to its overhead.
The simplest solution is just to use dmtracedump as provided by Google. Most x86 Android images and emulator come with the debuggable flag on (ro.debuggable) so you can even use it for closed source apps.
Additionally other tools such as Emma are known to work with Android as well, but these might need modifications to the source code.

I found a solution.
See this code snippet below.
package com.kyunggi.logcalls;
import android.content.pm.*;
import android.util.*;
import dalvik.system.*;
import de.robv.android.xposed.*;
import de.robv.android.xposed.callbacks.XC_LoadPackage.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
import static de.robv.android.xposed.XposedHelpers.findAndHookMethod;
import android.app.*;
public class Main implements IXposedHookLoadPackage {
private String TAG = "LogCall";
public void handleLoadPackage(final LoadPackageParam lpparam) throws Throwable {
if (!lpparam.packageName.equals("com.android.bluetooth")) {
Log.i(TAG, "Not: " + lpparam.packageName);
return;
}
Log.i(TAG, "Yes " + lpparam.packageName);
//Modified https://d3adend.org/blog/?p=589
ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = AndroidAppHelper.currentApplicationInfo();
if (applicationInfo.processName.equals("com.android.bluetooth")) {
Set<String> classes = new HashSet<>();
DexFile dex;
try {
dex = new DexFile(applicationInfo.sourceDir);
Enumeration entries = dex.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
String entry = (String) entries.nextElement();
classes.add(entry);
}
dex.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("HookDetection", e.toString());
}
for (String className : classes) {
boolean obex = false;
if (className.startsWith("com.android.bluetooth") || (obex = className.startsWith("javax.obex"))) {
try {
final Class clazz = lpparam.classLoader.loadClass(className);
for (final Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()) {
if (obex) {
if (!Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
continue; //on javax.obex package, hook only public APIs
}
}
XposedBridge.hookMethod(method, new XC_MethodHook() {
final String methodNam = method.getName();
final String classNam = clazz.getName();
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
final String logstr = "className " + classNam + ",methodName " + methodNam;
#Override
protected void beforeHookedMethod(MethodHookParam param) throws Throwable {
//Method method=(Method)param.args[0];
sb.setLength(0);
sb.append(logstr);
//Log.v(TAG,logstr);
for (Object o : param.args) {
String typnam = "";
String value = "null";
if (o != null) {
typnam = o.getClass().getName();
value = o.toString();
}
sb.append(typnam).append(" ").append(value).append(", ");
}
sb.append("]");
Log.v(TAG, sb.toString());
}
});
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
Log.wtf("HookDetection", e.toString());
}
}
}
}
// ClassLoader rootcl=lpparam.classLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
//findAndHookMethod("de.robv.android.xposed.XposedBridge", rootcl, "handleHookedMethod", Member.class, int.class, Object.class, Object.class, Object[].class, );
}
}

Related

Guidelines on how to use ByteBuddy correctly and efficiently

I looked at ByteBuddy documentation and have also looked at few of the Java Agent implementations that are using ByteBuddy. But I am still not very clear on what is the right way to use the ByteBuddy agent.
This is the code I used to bootstrap my agent:
public class ByteBuddyAgent {
public static void premain(String arguments, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
System.out.println("Bootstrapping ByteBuddy Agent");
new AgentBuilder.Default()
.with(new AgentBuilder.InitializationStrategy.SelfInjection.Eager())
.type(ElementMatchers.hasSuperClass(ElementMatchers.nameContains("Level1")))
.transform(new ByteBuddyTransformer()
.installOn(instrumentation);
}
private static class ByteBuddyTransformer implements AgentBuilder.Transformer{
#Override
public DynamicType.Builder<?> transform(DynamicType.Builder<?> builder, TypeDescription typeDescription,
ClassLoader classLoader, JavaModule module) {
return builder.method(ElementMatchers.named("printLevel"))
.intercept(Advice.to(MethodTracker.class));
}
}
}
This is my Advice class where I have tried different annotations supported by Advice and it worked fine.
public class MethodTracker {
#Advice.OnMethodEnter
public static Object onMethodBegin(#Advice.This Object invokedObject, #Advice.AllArguments Object[] arguments,
#Advice.FieldValue("name") Object fieldValue, #Advice.Origin Object origin,
#Advice.Local("localVariable") Object localVariable) {
System.out.println("=======on Method Begin Running with ByteBuddy=======, " + invokedObject);
System.out.println("======Printing arguments=======");
for(Object obj: arguments){
System.out.println("Argument:: " + obj);
}
localVariable = "Gunika";
System.out.println("FieldValue:: " + fieldValue);
System.out.println("Origin:: " + origin);
return "ReturningStateFromOnMethodBegin";
}
#Advice.OnMethodExit(onThrowable = Throwable.class, suppress = Throwable.class)
public static void onMethodEnd(#Advice.This Object invokedObject, #Advice.Return Object returnValue,
#Advice.FieldValue("name") Object fieldValue, #Advice.Enter Object state,
#Advice.Local("localVariable") Object localVariable){
System.out.println("=======on Method End Running with ByteBuddy======= " + invokedObject);
System.out.println("Return value is " + returnValue);
System.out.println("FieldValue:: " + fieldValue);
System.out.println("FieldValue:: " + fieldValue);
System.out.println("State:: " + state);
System.out.println("LocalVariable:: " + localVariable);
}
}
The questions that I have are as follows:
Right now in my sample app, I have just tried matching with 1 rule.
But if there are “n” rules that I want to apply what is the right away to achieve that.
There are initial set of rules that are applied/provided to the agent. Now let's say at some point of time I want to add another rule. What is the correct way to achieve that?
Does the AgentBuilder instance that we create should be created only once in the Java Agent?
Any other information that should be taken care while using ByteBuddy agent would be helpful.
Advice.to(MethodTracker.class) is pretty expensive. If you instrument many classes and want to spend the memory, I'd recommend you to reuse the instance, it is immutable.
Other than that, #Advice.AllArguments is more expensive than using specialized advice classes that read particular arguments, if you can afford it. This is however rather a JVM question than a Byte Buddy-specific one. You can use -Dnet.bytebuddy.dump=/some/folder to see what byte code is generated. Expensiveness often lies burried what constructs you go for.

Requesting Android permissions in a class (Xamarin)

I'm trying to request a permission at runtime for my app. I use a service provider to talk between the portable class and Android.
I start by calling this code on button press in the PCL:
using (new Busy(this))
{
var locationHelper = scope.Resolve<ILocationHelper>();
locationHelper.GetLocation(this);
}
This calls my Android level service:
public class AndroidLocationHelper : ILocationHelper, ILocationListener
{
readonly string[] PermissionsLocation =
{
Manifest.Permission.AccessCoarseLocation
};
const int RequestLocationId = 0;
public void GetLocation(SearchViewModel viewModel)
{
try
{
const string permission = Manifest.Permission.AccessCoarseLocation;
if (((int)Build.VERSION.SdkInt < 23) || (CheckSelfPermission(permission) == Permission.Granted))
{
}
else
RequestPermissions(PermissionsLocation, RequestLocationId);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Error while getting Location service");
Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
Messaging.AlertUser("There was an error with determining your location");
}
}
However, I get two errors on CheckSelfPermission and RequestPermissions. These two methods are only available to activities. The code works fine in MainActivity; however, I want to ask for permissions when the user hits a button, not in OnCreate or OnResume, etc.
Thanks for any help.
In your Android project, You can use this and use the Dependency Service to call it in Xamarin.Forms PCL project later:
var thisActivity = Forms.Context as Activity;
ActivityCompat.RequestPermissions(thisActivity, new string[] {
Manifest.Permission.AccessFineLocation }, 1);
ActivityCompat.RequestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[] { Manifest.Permission.AccessFineLocation },
1);
You can try with ContextCompat.CheckSelfPermission, passing the application context, like this:
ContextCompat.CheckSelfPermission(Android.App.Application.Context, permission)
Update
In case of ActivityCompat.RequestPermissions, which requires an activity reference, you can keep track of the current activity. There is a very handy lib for that, called "CurrentActivityPlugin". You can find at https://github.com/jamesmontemagno/CurrentActivityPlugin
Rafael came up with a solution but I found another option that is a lot less effort just using MessagingCenter. In the MainActivity's OnCreate add a receiver that runs all the location code, that way you have access to all of the activities methods (and there are a bunch of tutorials on doing location services in MainActivity). Then add the Send inside of your service (the class).
To expound Rafael Steil's answer, I tried the suggested CurrentActivityPlugin and it worked on me. In my case I am trying to execute a voice call which needs CALL_PHONE permission. Here is the code snippet in your case: I used the ContextCompat & ActivityCompat so that I don't need to check the VERSION.SdkInt
using Plugin.CurrentActivity;
public void GetLocation(SearchViewModel viewModel){
var context = CrossCurrentActivity.Current.AppContext;
var activity = CrossCurrentActivity.Current.Activity;
int YOUR_ASSIGNED_REQUEST_CODE = 9;
if (ContextCompat.CheckSelfPermission(context, Manifest.Permission.AccessCoarseLocation) == (int)Android.Content.PM.Permission.Granted)
{
//Permission is granted, execute stuff
}
else
{
ActivityCompat.RequestPermissions(activity, new string[] { Manifest.Permission.AccessCoarseLocation }, YOUR_ASSIGNED_REQUEST_CODE);
}
}
It's dead simple
public bool CheckPermission()
{
const string permission = Manifest.Permission.ReceiveSms;
return ContextCompat.CheckSelfPermission(Forms.Context, permission) == (int) Permission.Granted;
}

cross-AppDomain event issues

I use the following helper class with POS for .Net to get a reference to the hardware in a separate AppDomain (getting around some limitations of requiring <NetFx40_LegacySecurityPolicy enabled="true"/>
public static class PosHelper
{
private static AppDomain _posAppDomain { get; set; }
private static AppDomain PosAppDomain
{
get
{
if (_posAppDomain == null)
{
AppDomainSetup currentAppDomainSetup = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation;
AppDomainSetup newAppDomainSetup = new AppDomainSetup()
{
ApplicationBase = currentAppDomainSetup.ApplicationBase,
LoaderOptimization = currentAppDomainSetup.LoaderOptimization,
ConfigurationFile = currentAppDomainSetup.ConfigurationFile
};
newAppDomainSetup.SetCompatibilitySwitches(new[] { "NetFx40_LegacySecurityPolicy" });
_posAppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("POS Hardware AppDomain", null, newAppDomainSetup);
}
return _posAppDomain;
}
}
public static T GetHardware<T>() where T : PosHardware, new()
{
T hardware = (T)PosAppDomain.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(T)).Location, typeof(T).FullName);
hardware.FindAndOpenDevice();
return hardware;
}
}
I have a basic class to handle when a POS scanner scans data. In that class I have an event that I want to fire when data is scanned. Here's a snippet:
public class ScannerDevice : PosHardware
{
public event Action<string> DataScanned;
...
_scanner.DataEvent += new DataEventHandler(Scanner_DataEvent);
...
private void Scanner_DataEvent(object sender, DataEventArgs e)
{
ASCIIEncoding encoder = new ASCIIEncoding();
if (DataScanned != null)
DataScanned(encoder.GetString(_scanner.ScanDataLabel));
_scanner.DataEventEnabled = true; // enable for subsequent scans
}
Note that the PosHardware abstract class inherits MarshalByRefObject and is marked [Serializable]
In my main AppDomain I try to use the event like so:
Scanner = PosHelper.GetHardware<ScannerDevice>();
Scanner.DataScanned += m =>
{
Debug.WriteLine(m);
};
When it hits the line trying to add the lambda to the DataScanned event I get this error:
Could not load file or assembly 'MyAssemlyName, Version=1.0.0.0,
Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The
system cannot find the file specified.
This has to be related to trying to communicate between AppDomains. Not really sure what to do. Do I need to register "MyAssemblyName" in the separate AppDomain used for Pos for .Net?
I use prism, so some modules are loaded at runtime (in a subfolder in my output directory)... including the one in which I use the last code snippet above (Scanner = PosHelper.GetHardware....)
I believe I solved my problem. Since my prism modules are loaded at runtime within a subdirectory I needed to add this to the AppDomain so that the AppDomain could find the assemblies in the subdirectories folder.:
PrivateBinPath = #"Modules"
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.appdomainsetup.privatebinpath.aspx
Edit
This only partially solved my problem. I also had to override InitializeLifetimeService() and return null so that my MarshalByRefObject's would not be disposed while the program is running (I believe the default timeout is 5 minutes).
Also , this now works:
Scanner.DataScanned += m =>
{
Debug.WriteLine(m);
}
but when I try something like this
Scanner.DataScanned += m =>
{
DoSomething(m);
}
Where DoSomething is not in a Serializable and MarshalByRefObject class, it craps out since all classes that are used in the communication between AppDomain's need to have those. So where I'm at now is looking at using WCF named pipes to pass data around... and other similar solutions.

Java ME out of memory

I'm making a Java ME application for Symbian S60 5th edition and I have problem with the memory. After some time of running the app I recieve the out of memory exception.
I'm getting images from Google Maps (by the integrated GPS in Nokia 5800) and showing them.
I have this implemented like this:
class MIDlet with method setForm()
class Data which has a thread that collects info about the coordinates, gets image from Google maps, creates new form, appends the image, and calls the method setForm(f) from the Midlet.
Probable the Display.setCurrent(Form f) keeps references on the forms and like this the memory gets fast full.
I tried with Canvas but it has some stupid UI (some circle and some 4 buttons) that I don't like.
How can I solve this problem?
PS: the code...
In class MIDlet
public void setInfo(Form f)
{
getDisplay().setCurrent(f);
}
in class TouristData which collects information about location and gets map image
private attributes:
private Form f=null;
private ImageItem imageItem=null;
private Image img = null;
method locationUpdated which is called when recieve new location:
public void locationUpdated(LocationProvider provider,final Location location)
{
if (!firstLocationUpdate)
{
firstLocationUpdate = true;
statusListener.firstLocationUpdateEvent();
}
if(touristUI != null)
{
new Thread()
{
public void run()
{
if(location != null && location.isValid())
{
//lokacija je, prikaži!
try
{
QualifiedCoordinates coord =location.getQualifiedCoordinates();
if(imageItem == null)
{
imageItem = new ImageItem(null,null,0,null);
imageItem.setAltText("ni povezave");
f.append(imageItem);
}
else
{
img = googleConnector.retrieveStaticImage2(360,470, coord.getLatitude(), coord.getLongitude(), 16, "png32"); //z markerje
imageItem.setImage(img);
}
}catch(Exception e)
{}
}
else
{
}
}
}.start();
}
}
Are you keeping references to the forms or the images? These will keep them from being garbage collected and will cause out of memory errors.
It is hard to tell without some source code. Anyway, it will be better to re-architect your Midlet not to create new forms, but to reuse the same one.

Non-Blocking Endpoint: Returning an operation ID to the caller - Would like to get your opinion on my implementation?

Boot Pros,
I recently started to program in spring-boot and I stumbled upon a question where I would like to get your opinion on.
What I try to achieve:
I created a Controller that exposes a GET endpoint, named nonBlockingEndpoint. This nonBlockingEndpoint executes a pretty long operation that is resource heavy and can run between 20 and 40 seconds.(in the attached code, it is mocked by a Thread.sleep())
Whenever the nonBlockingEndpoint is called, the spring application should register that call and immediatelly return an Operation ID to the caller.
The caller can then use this ID to query on another endpoint queryOpStatus the status of this operation. At the beginning it will be started, and once the controller is done serving the reuqest it will be to a code such as SERVICE_OK. The caller then knows that his request was successfully completed on the server.
The solution that I found:
I have the following controller (note that it is explicitely not tagged with #Async)
It uses an APIOperationsManager to register that a new operation was started
I use the CompletableFuture java construct to supply the long running code as a new asynch process by using CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {}
I immdiatelly return a response to the caller, telling that the operation is in progress
Once the Async Task has finished, i use cf.thenRun() to update the Operation status via the API Operations Manager
Here is the code:
#GetMapping(path="/nonBlockingEndpoint")
public #ResponseBody ResponseOperation nonBlocking() {
// Register a new operation
APIOperationsManager apiOpsManager = APIOperationsManager.getInstance();
final int operationID = apiOpsManager.registerNewOperation(Constants.OpStatus.PROCESSING);
ResponseOperation response = new ResponseOperation();
response.setMessage("Triggered non-blocking call, use the operation id to check status");
response.setOperationID(operationID);
response.setOpRes(Constants.OpStatus.PROCESSING);
CompletableFuture<Boolean> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
try {
// Here we will
Thread.sleep(10000L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
// whatever the return value was
return true;
});
cf.thenRun(() ->{
// We are done with the super long process, so update our Operations Manager
APIOperationsManager a = APIOperationsManager.getInstance();
boolean asyncSuccess = false;
try {asyncSuccess = cf.get();}
catch (Exception e) {}
if(true == asyncSuccess) {
a.updateOperationStatus(operationID, Constants.OpStatus.OK);
a.updateOperationMessage(operationID, "success: The long running process has finished and this is your result: SOME RESULT" );
}
else {
a.updateOperationStatus(operationID, Constants.OpStatus.INTERNAL_ERROR);
a.updateOperationMessage(operationID, "error: The long running process has failed.");
}
});
return response;
}
Here is also the APIOperationsManager.java for completness:
public class APIOperationsManager {
private static APIOperationsManager instance = null;
private Vector<Operation> operations;
private int currentOperationId;
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
protected APIOperationsManager() {}
public static APIOperationsManager getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
synchronized(APIOperationsManager.class) {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new APIOperationsManager();
instance.operations = new Vector<Operation>();
instance.currentOperationId = 1;
}
}
}
return instance;
}
public synchronized int registerNewOperation(OpStatus status) {
cleanOperationsList();
currentOperationId = currentOperationId + 1;
Operation newOperation = new Operation(currentOperationId, status);
operations.add(newOperation);
log.info("Registered new Operation to watch: " + newOperation.toString());
return newOperation.getId();
}
public synchronized Operation getOperation(int id) {
for(Iterator<Operation> iterator = operations.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Operation op = iterator.next();
if(op.getId() == id) {
return op;
}
}
Operation notFound = new Operation(-1, OpStatus.INTERNAL_ERROR);
notFound.setCrated(null);
return notFound;
}
public synchronized void updateOperationStatus (int id, OpStatus newStatus) {
iteration : for(Iterator<Operation> iterator = operations.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Operation op = iterator.next();
if(op.getId() == id) {
op.setStatus(newStatus);
log.info("Updated Operation status: " + op.toString());
break iteration;
}
}
}
public synchronized void updateOperationMessage (int id, String message) {
iteration : for(Iterator<Operation> iterator = operations.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Operation op = iterator.next();
if(op.getId() == id) {
op.setMessage(message);
log.info("Updated Operation status: " + op.toString());
break iteration;
}
}
}
private synchronized void cleanOperationsList() {
Date now = new Date();
for(Iterator<Operation> iterator = operations.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
Operation op = iterator.next();
if((now.getTime() - op.getCrated().getTime()) >= Constants.MIN_HOLD_DURATION_OPERATIONS ) {
log.info("Removed operation from watchlist: " + op.toString());
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
}
The questions that I have
Is that concept a valid one that also scales? What could be improved?
Will i run into concurrency issues / race conditions?
Is there a better way to achieve the same in boot spring, but I just didn't find that yet? (maybe with the #Async directive?)
I would be very happy to get your feedback.
Thank you so much,
Peter P
It is a valid pattern to submit a long running task with one request, returning an id that allows the client to ask for the result later.
But there are some things I would suggest to reconsider :
do not use an Integer as id, as it allows an attacker to guess ids and to get the results for those ids. Instead use a random UUID.
if you need to restart your application, all ids and their results will be lost. You should persist them to a database.
Your solution will not work in a cluster with many instances of your application, as each instance would only know its 'own' ids and results. This could also be solved by persisting them to a database or Reddis store.
The way you are using CompletableFuture gives you no control over the number of threads used for the asynchronous operation. It is possible to do this with standard Java, but I would suggest to use Spring to configure the thread pool
Annotating the controller method with #Async is not an option, this does not work no way. Instead put all asynchronous operations into a simple service and annotate this with #Async. This has some advantages :
You can use this service also synchronously, which makes testing a lot easier
You can configure the thread pool with Spring
The /nonBlockingEndpoint should not return the id, but a complete link to the queryOpStatus, including id. The client than can directly use this link without any additional information.
Additionally there are some low level implementation issues which you may also want to change :
Do not use Vector, it synchronizes on every operation. Use a List instead. Iterating over a List is also much easier, you can use for-loops or streams.
If you need to lookup a value, do not iterate over a Vector or List, use a Map instead.
APIOperationsManager is a singleton. That makes no sense in a Spring application. Make it a normal PoJo and create a bean of it, get it autowired into the controller. Spring beans by default are singletons.
You should avoid to do complicated operations in a controller method. Instead move anything into a service (which may be annotated with #Async). This makes testing easier, as you can test this service without a web context
Hope this helps.
Do I need to make database access transactional ?
As long as you write/update only one row, there is no need to make this transactional as this is indeed 'atomic'.
If you write/update many rows at once you should make it transactional to guarantee, that either all rows are updated or none.
However, if two operations (may be from two clients) update the same row, always the last one will win.

Resources