How would a 'SConstruct' file in Scons look like that does
what the following code does in GNU Make?
target: dependency0 dependency1
shell command 1 # Not java, cc or the like
shell command 2
shell command 3
I suggest that you at least read the User Guide. It contains an introduction to SCons, things that every writer of SCons-scripts need to know.
Especially there's the Command builder that allows you to write rules that have specified prerequisites, target and action. The action itself can be a shell command. What it doesn't say perhaps is that you can provide a list of actions which means that they are executed in sequence (just like make does). That brings us to the SCons equivalent:
Command("target", ["dependency0", "dependency1"], [
"shell command 1",
"shell command 2",
"shell command 3",
])
There is also special variables that can be used to expand the target and sources of the command, but that is explained in the user guide (and in more detail in the man page).
Related
I have 3 scripts for example: first.ksh, second.ksh, third.ksh.
I run all of those scripts one by one manually, when the first is done I run the second and then also the third. those scripts take time to run, doing them manually is time-consuming because is required me to be in front of the computer.
how can write a script or query which runs those scripts one by one, after one is finished, automatically?
Assuming the scripts are in the current working directory,
./first.sh ; ./second.sh ; ./third.sh
Where ; is the separator for "sequential list"
The topic you're looking for is "shell programming". There are many Unix shells, and they share basic features defined by POSIX and Single Unix Specification. Most of them have additional features as well as online documentations.
I have a Makefile, which fails at some point, with a git error. How can I view the git command that causes the whole make process to fail? More precisely, I am looking for a list of commands (including the ones that start with #) that I can run on an identical setup, to achieve the same effect as what make does.
I know for a script, instead of #! /bin/bash you would add a flag -x to it, and that would display all the commands before their execution. How do I do the same thing for make?
I am looking for a list of commands (including the ones that start with #) that I can run on an identical setup, to achieve the same effect as what make does.
By default, make echoes all recipe commands it runs, except those prefixed with #. The POSIX specifications for make do not describe a way to override that effect of # (but see below). It is conceivable that your make has an extension for that, but the make implementations you are most likely to be using (GNU make or BSD make, since you seem to assume that your standard shell is bash) do not.
Additionally, in POSIX-conforming make implementations, including the two mentioned above, the special target .SILENT can be used to suppress echoing the commands of some or all targets, and the -s command-line option can be used to suppress echoing for all targets.
You can print recipe commands prefixed with # if you run make with the -n (no-op) flag. That will print the commands for out-of-date targets without running them, except that those prefixed with a + are run even in no-op mode. Commands prefixed with # are included among those printed. Under some circumstances, the fact that most commands are not actually run in this mode can affect the output, but all the cases I can think of at the moment involve recursive make, and I think they are fairly unlikely.
POSIX seems to indicate that -n does not override -s or .SILENT, so if you have to deal with those then you may have no alternative but to modify your makefile. If you happen to be using GNU make, however, you will find that -n does override .SILENT and -s in that implementation. The same may be true of other makes.
This question already has answers here:
How to obtain the first letter in a Bash variable?
(7 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I am trying to my a custom terminal command. I just learned I am supposed to do it using the Unix script? I don't really know much of what that is and am still trying to figure it out. What I do know is that $1 is an arg is it possible to make it a variable and then get the first letter like you could in python?
EX:
str = 'happy'
str[0] = 'h'
You're asking a few different things here.
I am trying to my a custom terminal command.
That could mean a few different things, but the most obvious meaning is that you want to add an executable to your path so that when you type it at the terminal, it runs just like any other executable on your system. This requires just a few things:
the executable permission must be set.
the file must specify how it can be executed. For interpreted programs such as bash scripts or python scripts, you can do so by beginning the file with a "shebang line" that specifies the interpreter for the file.
the file must be in one of the locations specified by your $PATH.
I just learned I am supposed to do it using the Unix script?
there's no such thing as a "unix script", but what you seem to be referring to is a "shell script". Though these are commonly associated with unix, they're no more inherently a unix script than any other language. A shell, such as bash, sh, or any other, is just an interpreted language that is designed so that it is convenient to be used interactively by a human as well as being programmatically executed as part of a saved file.
I don't really know much of what that is and am still trying to figure it out.
Let's get into some specifics.
First I edit a file called 'hello-world' to contain:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, world!"
Note that this filename has no "extension". Though heuristics based on file extension are sometimes used (espeically in windows) to determine a file type, unix typically sees a file "extension" as part of the arbitrary file name. The thing that makes this a potentially executable bash script is the specification of that interpreter on the shebang line.
We can run our script right now from bash, just as we could if we wrote a python script.
$ bash hello-world
hello, world!
To make the bash implicit, we mark the file as executable. This enables the linux operating system to consult the beginning "magic bytes" of the file to determine how to run it. Thes beginning bytes might signify an ELF file (a compiled executable, written in eg C, C++, or go). Or, it might be #! which just so happens means , "read the rest of this first line to determine the command to run, and pass the rest of this file into that command to be interpreted.
$ chmod +x hello-world
ls -l will show us the "permissions" on the file (more accurately called the "file mode", hence chmod rather than chperm) . The x stands for executable, so we have enabled the use of the leading bytes to determine method of execution. Remember, the first two bytes of this file, and the rest of that first line, then specify that this file should be "run through bash" so to speak.
$ ls -l hello-world
-rwxr-xr-x 1 danfarrell staff 33 Dec 27 20:02 hello-world
Now we can run the file from the current directory:
$ ./hello-world
hello, world!
At this point, the only difference between this command and any other on the system, is that you have to specify its location. That's because my current directory is not in the system path. In short, the path (accessible in a unix shell via the $PATH variable) specifies an ordered list of locations that should be searched for a specified command whose location is not otherwise specified.
For example, there's a very common program called whoami. I can run it directly from my terminal without specifying a location of the executable:
$ whoami
danfarrell
This is because there's a location in my $PATH in which the shell was able to find that command. Let's take a closer look. First, here's my path:
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin
And there's also a convenient program called whereis which can help show which path elements supply a named executable:
$ whereis whoami
/usr/bin/whoami
Sure enough, whoami is in one of the elements of the $PATH. (Actually I shared a simplified $PATH. Yours might be somewhat longer).
Finally, then, we can get to the last thing. If I put hello-world in one of the $PATH elements, I will be able to invoke it without a path. There are two ways to do this: we can move the executable to a location specified in the path, or we can add a new location to the path. For simplicity's sake I'll choose the first of these.
$ sudo cp hello-world /usr/local/bin/
Password:
I needed to use sudo to write to /usr/local/bin because it's not accessible as my user directly - that's quite standard.
Finally, I've achieved the goal of being able to run my very important program from any location, without specifying the executable's location.
$ hello-world
hello, world!
$ which hello-world
/usr/local/bin/hello-world
It works! I've created what might be described as a "custom terminal command".
What I do know is that $1 is an arg is it possible to make it a variable and then get the first letter like you could in python?
Well, one option would be to simply write the custom terminal command in python. If python is available,
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
You can specify it in a shebang just like a shell can be:
#!/usr/bin/env python
print("hello, world!"[0])
$ hello-world
h
it works!
Okay, confession time. I actually used #!/usr/bin/env python, not /usr/bin/python. env helps find the correct python to use in the user's environment, rather than hard coding one particular python. If you've been using python during the very long running python 2 to python 3 migration, you can no doubt understand why I"m reticent to hard code a python executable in my program.
It's certainly possible to get the first letter of a string in a bash script. But it's also very possible to write a custom command in a program other than shell. Python is an excellent choice for string manipulation, if you know it. I often use python for shell one-liners that need to interact with json, a format that doesn't lend itself well to standard unix tool stream editing.
Anyway, at the expense of incurring SO community's ire by reanswering an "already answered" question, I'll include a version in shell (Credit goes to David C Rankin)
#!/bin/bash
echo "${1:0:1}"
$ hello-world hiworld
h
I want to make a script, which can be executed from shell like:
./myscript -test1 or tclsh myscript.tcl -test1
I want it to open ModelSim, compile units, load a desired testbench, run simulation. Name of the test would be a parameter. I've already made macro files (.do) containing modelsim commands to compile & simulate desired units (+adding signals to waveform). I'm asking because scripting isn't my area of expertise.
So here's my questions:
How to ,,tell'' Modelsim (at startup) to do the commands in specified file?
Is TCL the language i'm looking for // is it doable in TCL? If so, which commands should i make familiar with?
Or maybe shell script is sufficient and i should look for specific Modelsim commands in reference manual?
Thanks for you time!
EDIT: Posting little example i've made for everyone to use. Usage: ./foo.tcl testname
#!/usr/bin/tclsh
# params
set testname [lindex $argv 0]
set testlist {test1 test2 test3}
# run vsim test $testname
if { [ lsearch $testlist $testname ] >= 0 } {
puts "Test found. Executing..."
open "|vsim -do $testname "
} else { puts "Test not found on the list!" }
You can launch vsim with arbitrary commands using the -do <arg> command line option. The argument can either be a filename of a .do file containing arbitrary Tcl code or a string of Tcl commands ("run -all; quit" is useful for non-interactive command line mode with -c).
Tcl is a full featured scripting language. It can handle any automation task you need to accomplish. Ultimately you cannot escape Tcl with Modelsim since almost everything runs through it internally. I would recommend you piece together what you need in a .do file and run that using the -do option.
If you create a .tcl script (.do files can run QuestaSim/ModelSim commands and tcl commands), you can do everything you want to do, include running other .do/.tcl files. For example:
ModelSim/QuestaSim Command Line:
just like what you are used to...
$: do MyDoFile.do
...instead use a Tcl file, which could call out your .do files:
$: source ./MyDirectory/MyTCLScript.tcl
Within that MyTCLScript.tcl you can have literally the following:
Within MyTCLScript.tcl:
...
#Use tabs for aliases
source ./MyDirectory/OtherDirectory/OtherTCLScript.tcl
MyAlias1
MyAlias2
do ./MyDoFile.do
...
Finally, to let you use commands to run single testbenches and the sort, I suggest looking at Tcl documentation on aliases. Here is an example though:
Within OtherTCLScript.tcl:
...
alias MyAlias1 {
eval <command><command flags>
}
alias MyAlias2 {
eval <command><command flags>
}
...
Sources:
1. Experience
2. Questa SIM User's Manual
I can't find a man page or any help for ssft. I want to use it in my bash scripts to select either kdialog (if on KDE) or zenity (if on gnome).
See Shell Scripts Frontend Tool
Surely the help pages are somewhere, but I must be overlooking them.
I am running Debian 6.0 Squeeze stable right now, and it has a manpage for ssft.sh. Try man ssft.sh. If that doesn't do what you want, let me know and you and I will figure out what does.
Update: All right. You have tried the manpage, which doesn't tell you what you want to know. There does not appear to exist any more thorough documentation for Ssft (maybe, when this is all over, you will write and contribute that very documentation). However, in Ssft's source appears to be a test script that makes the software do the various things it is designed to do. Sometimes, a good example is even better than a manual. That test script may be just what you need.
To extract the test script, issue a sequence of commands like the following sequence.
$ cd /tmp
$ apt-get source ssft
$ ls
$ cd ssft-0.9.13 # (Your version number may differ from 0.9.13.)
$ ls
$ cd tests
$ ls
When I do the above, the last ls listing reveals a shell script named ssft-test.sh. Inside that script appear to be several examples of how to use ssft.sh correctly.
http://man.devl.cz/man/1/ssft.sh
ssft.sh(1)
SSFT
Name
ssft.sh - library of shell script frontend functions
Synopsis
. ssft.sh
Description
ssft.sh is a library of shell functions that must be sourced from other scripts. If the script is executed without arguments it prints an usage message and also supports the options --doc, --help and --version.
To get a list of available functions call the script with the --doc argument and to get a description of what a given function does call the script with --doc FUNCTION_NAME.
On the typical case the library must be sourced and the SSFT_FRONTEND variable must be set to the desired frontend (zenity, dialog or text); if the variable is not set the default frontend is noninteractive.
To choose the theorically best looking frontend use the function ssft_choose_frontend as follows:
. ssft.sh [ -n "$SSFT_FRONTEND" ] || SSFT_FRONTEND="$( ssft_choose_frontend )"
Written by Sergio Talens-Oliag .
$ /usr/bin/ssft.sh
Shell Script Frontend Tool (version 0.9.13)
Usage: . ssft.sh
When called directly the program supports the following options:
-d,--doc [FUNCTIONS] Prints the list of available functions. If function names are given prints functions' documentation.
-h,--help This message
-v,--version File version
functions:
$ /usr/bin/ssft.sh -d
ssft_set_textdomain
ssft_reset_textdomain
ssft_choose_frontend
ssft_print_text_title
ssft_display_message
ssft_display_error
ssft_display_emsg
ssft_file_selection
ssft_directory_selection
ssft_progress_bar
ssft_read_string
ssft_read_password
ssft_select_multiple
ssft_select_single
ssft_yesno
ssft_show_file