Vim airline customise settings - debugging

In this screenshot of my vimrc settings, I have installed the plugin vim-airline using vundle. After going through airlines docs, I found the set of lines to customise my airline.
The problem is the ones highlighted in red. The blue highlighted one works fine but the red one does not. The left one is same as right one. I tried using different Unicode symbols but does not work. Any workaround to this situation as this is troubling my OCD :P.
Thanks in advance.

This is a well-known issue related to the font (size and family) used in your terminal.
For a better display, you have two solutions:
Do not use arrows as separators
Configure your terminal emulator to use a patched font with the right size
If you prefer the first solution, make sure you have this code in your .vimrc:
let g:airline_right_sep = ""
let g:airline_left_sep = ""
If you prefer the other solution, take a look at this: https://github.com/powerline/fonts
I have used the Hack font with size 11 for a long time and the arrows are perfectly displayed in my editor...

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Tmux: pane border characters crooked line

I have started to use tmux and noticed that the lines that seperate the different panes are not entirely straight, instead there are small bumps. I think it might have something to do with the font, my thought is that characters from one "character-field" are overlapping into the next, which creates the little bumps. Does anyone know how I can fix this and get a straight line without bumps?
The font I use: Menlo
example of the bumpy lines
The problem was actually the terminal emulator I used, Alacritty, which lets some characters reach outside of their cell. To solve this issue, I switched to Kitty, which has better support for preventing characters from overflowing into other cells.

Set Different Terminal Background for Each Directory

I seem to recall stumbling across an article on zsh about how it was possible to have different themes (or presumably, different theme settings, for different directories). In other words, you'd be able to do things like set the background color of the terminal to be blue for one directory, black for another, etc. I couldn't find the original article or anything matching what I had in mind.
Is this something that can be done?
I suggest using LS_COLORS, you can select highlighting, emboldening and different colours very quickly and easily.
heres a great tutorial on how to do that;
https://www.howtogeek.com/307899/how-to-change-the-colors-of-directories-and-files-in-the-ls-command/
It is also possible to edit the bash_profiles. script line;
export BASH_IT_THEME="whichever theme you have"
And insert a downloaded theme but this would be for your whole system (as far as I know)

Grey line and area in primary editor window in XCode

Does anybody know where this line and the grey area to the right of it comes from?
If it's just a bug, feel free to close this question!
That line is there to give you an impression on how long your lines should be. It's good practice to keep your code within a certain width, so its readable on different resolutions.
That is the Page Guide.
You can disable it here...
By unchecking this...
You can also change the distance that it shows.
It's there to show where your code would wrap on a standard 80 character width terminal.

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I was doing a visualization in this years adventofcode. My first stab just used plain ascii chars video here. Then I saw this image
Which I thought was really nice. However, when I attempted to put in these chars, they completely overlapped.
Is there a nice way to do this? I've tried installing gnu unifont as that sounded like a decent start, but no joy.
How do I use the terminal to print "letters" like this and have them come out nicely? I might be missing something fundamental about terminals + UTF8. If it matters, I'm using OSX terminal app, Anonymice Powerline Nerd Font Complete Mono font.
EDIT
Yes, the font didn't contain items which were encoded correctly (or was falling back?! if that's even possible, to items which weren't encoded correctly)
I ended up using the symbola font which, while not perfect, means I can draw this:
which is good enough!
It looks as if the "patched font" didn't set the font metrics properly. Terminals expect the font header to give a bounding box which applies to all characters. If the individual glyphs don't fall into the box, you'll get interesting effects like this.

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Here's a picture to help you get the idea:
I would like get rid of the way some sections are lighter (the line saying some text is the line the caret's on, which is not the problem)
P.S. If this is the wrong place to ask this, I'm sorry, but I'm getting frustrated searching through Google and the Aptana preferences.
I too spent way too much time on this issue.
The answer by phazei is correct:
Aptana 3, php code background highlighting
But my main problem was I didn't know where to look. So to give some insight into how I found the answer:
It turns out you can see what markup the editor is using and how it classifies any block of text, by just right-clicking on the text you are interested in and pick Show in -> Properties.

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