How does one rename
random_files.jpg
that\ may\ contain\ spaces.jpg
and_differ_in_extensions.mp4
to
PREFIX_1.jpg
PREFIX_2.jpg
PREFIX_3.mp4
via bash script? More formally, how do I rename all files in a directory into an ordered list of form PREFIX_N.ext where .ext is preserved from the original filename.
My attempt below
for f in *; do
[[ -f "$f" ]] && mv "$f" "PREFIX_$f"
done
changes only prefixes.
You can use this in a for loop using find:
while IFS= read -rd '' file; do
ext="${file##*.}"
echo mv "$file" "PREFIX_$((++i)).$ext"
done < <(find . -type f -name '*.*' -maxdepth 1 -print0)
Once satisfied with the output, remove echo before mv command.
You can loop over the files using *, and then access them with a quoted var to preserve all the special characters.
You can then use parameter expansion to remove the start of the file up to ., and append that to your new filename.
x=1;for i in *;do [[ -f "$i" ]] && mv "$i" "PREFIX_$((x++)).${i##*.}";done
If you know x isn't already set though you can remove the assignment at the start and change $((x++)) to $((++x))
Related
We have few csv and xml files in following formats
String_YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM.csv
String_YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM.xml
String.xml
String.csv
Examples:
Reference_Categories_2021_02_24_17_14.csv
CD_CategoryTree_2021_02_24_17_14.csv
New_Categories.xml
Mobile_Footnote_2021_03_05_16_21.csv
Campaign_Version_2018_09_24_20_00.xml
Campaign_new.csv
Now we have to remove _YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM from filenames so result will be
Reference_Categories.csv
CD_CategoryTree.csv
New_Categories.xml
Mobile_Footnote.csv
Campaign_Version.xml
Campaign_new.csv
Any idea how to do that in bash?
In pure bash:
pat='_[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[0-9][0-9]_[0-9][0-9]_[0-9][0-9]_[0-9][0-9]'
for f in *$pat*.{csv,xml}; do echo mv "$f" "${f/$pat}"; done
Delete the echo if the output looks fine.
With bash Something like:
shopt -s nullglob
for f in *.{xml,csv}; do
ext="${f##*.}"
[[ "${f%%_[0-9]*}" = *.#(xml|csv) ]] && continue
echo mv -v -- "$f" "${f%%_[0-9]*}.$ext"
done
With the =~ operator and BASH_REMATCH
shopt -s nullglob
regexp='^(.{1,})(_[[:digit:]]{4}_[[:digit:]]{2}_[[:digit:]]{2}_[[:digit:]]{2}_[[:digit:]]{2})([.].*)$'
for f in *.{xml,csv}; do
[[ "$f" =~ $regexp ]] &&
echo mv -v -- "$f" "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}${BASH_REMATCH[-1]}"
done
Remove the echo if you're satisfied with the output.
Using bash, find, and awk:
Use find to find files with .csv or .xml suffix in the current directory. Pipe the find output to awk and create the mv commands that are output and passed to bash.
bash < <(find * -type f \( -name '*.csv' -o -name '*.xml' \) | awk '{orig=$0; gsub(/_[0-9]{4}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}/,""); print "mv "orig" "$0}')
Directory contents before:
find * -type f
CD_CategoryTree_2021_02_24_17_14.csv
Campaign_Version_2018_09_24_20_00.xml
Campaign_new.csv
Mobile_Footnote_2021_03_05_16_21.csv
New_Categories.xml
Reference_Categories_2021_02_24_17_14.csv
Directory contents after:
find * -type f
CD_CategoryTree.csv
Campaign_Version.xml
Campaign_new.csv
Mobile_Footnote.csv
New_Categories.xml
Reference_Categories.csv
I have an audio sample library with thousands of files. I would like to shuffle/randomize the order of these files. Can someone provide me with a bash script/line that would prepend a single random character to all files in a folder (including files in sub-folders). I do not want to prepend a random character to any of the folder names though.
Example:
Kickdrum73.wav
Kickdrum SUB.wav
Kick808.mp3
Renamed to:
f_Kickdrum73.wav
!_Kickdrum SUB.wav
4_Kick808.mp3
If possible, I would like to be able to run this script more than once, but on subsequent runs, it just changes the randomly prepended character instead of prepending a new one.
Some of my attempts:
find ~/Desktop/test -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 bash -c 'mv "$0" "a${0}"'
find ~/Desktop/test/ -type f -exec mv -v {} $(cat a {}) \;
find ~/Desktop/test/ -type f -exec echo -e "Z\n$(cat !)" > !Hat 15.wav
for file in *; do
mv -v "$file" $RANDOM_"$file"
done
Note: I am running on macOS.
Latest attempt using code from mr. fixit:
find . -type f -maxdepth 999 -not -name ".*" |
cut -c 3- - |
while read F; do
randomCharacter="${F:2:1}"
if [ $randomCharacter == '_' ]; then
new="${F:1}"
else
new="_$F"
fi
fileName="`basename $new`"
newFilename="`jot -r -c $fileName 1 A Z`"
filePath="`dirname $new`"
newFilePath="$filePath$newFilename"
mv -v "$F" "$newFilePath"
done
Here's my first answer, enhanced to do sub-directories.
Put the following in file randomize
if [[ $# != 1 || ! -d "$1" ]]; then
echo "usage: $0 <path>"
else
find $1 -type f -not -name ".*" |
while read F; do
FDIR=`dirname "$F"`
FNAME=`basename "$F"`
char2="${FNAME:1:1}"
if [ $char2 == '_' ]; then
new="${FNAME:1}"
else
new="_$FNAME"
fi
new=`jot -r -w "%c$new" 1 A Z`
echo mv "$F" "${FDIR}/${new}"
done
fi
Set the permissions with chmod a+x randomize.
Then call it with randomize your/path.
It'll echo the commands required to rename everything, so you can examine them to ensure they'll work for you. If they look right, you can remove the echo from the 3rd to last line and rerun the script.
cd ~/Desktop/test, then
find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -not -name ".*" |
cut -c 3- - |
while read F; do
char2="${F:2:1}"
if [ $char2 == '_' ]; then
new="${F:1}"
else
new="_$F"
fi
new=`jot -r -w "%c$new" 1 A Z`
mv "$F" "$new"
done
find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -not -name ".*" will get all the files in the current directory, but not the hidden files (names starting with '.')
cut -c 3- - will strip the first 2 chars from the name. find outputs paths, and the ./ gets in the way of processing prefixes.
while read VAR; do <stuff>; done is a way to deal with one line at a time
char2="${VAR:2:1} sets a variable char2 to the 2nd character of the variable VAR.
if - then - else sets new to the filename, either preceded by _ or with the previous random character stripped off.
jot -r -w "%c$new" 1 A Z tacks random 1 character from A-Z onto the beginning of new
mv old new renames the file
You can also do it all in bash and there are several ways to approach it. The first is simply creating an array of letters containing whatever letters you want to use as a prefix and then generating a random number to use to choose the element of the array, e.g.
#!/bin/bash
letters=({0..9} {A..Z} {a..z}) ## array with [0-9] [A-Z] [a-z]
for i in *; do
num=$(($RANDOM % 63)) ## generate number
## remove echo to actually move file
echo "mv \"$i\" \"${letters[num]}_$i\"" ## move file
done
Example Use/Output
Current the script outputs the changes it would make, you must remove the echo "..." surrounding the mv command and fix the escaped quotes to actually have it apply changes:
$ bash ../randprefix.sh
mv "Kick808.mp3" "4_Kick808.mp3"
mv "Kickdrum SUB.wav" "h_Kickdrum SUB.wav"
mv "Kickdrum73.wav" "l_Kickdrum73.wav"
You can also do it by generating a random number representing the ASCII character between 48 (character '0') through 126 (character '~'), excluding 'backtick'), and then converting the random number to an ASCII character and prefix the filename with it, e.g.
#!/bin/bash
for i in *; do
num=$((($RANDOM % 78) + 48)) ## generate number for '0' - '~'
letter=$(printf "\\$(printf '%03o' "$num")") ## letter from number
while [ "$letter" = '`' ]; do ## exclude '`'
num=$((($RANDOM % 78) + 48)) ## generate number
letter=$(printf "\\$(printf '%03o' "$num")")
done
## remove echo to actually move file
echo "mv \"$i\" \"${letter}_$i\"" ## move file
done
(similar output, all punctuation other than backtick is possible)
In each case you will want to place the script in your path or call it from within the directory you want to move the file in (you split split dirname and basename and join them back together to make the script callable passing the directory to search as an argument -- that is left to you)
I have been trying to recursively rename folders whose names ends in four digits.
For example, I have a folder name like this:
this is the name 2004
and I'm trying to rename it to:
this is the name (2004)
I've tried to split the prefix and digit parts of the name however I cannot mv as rename these folder.
Here is the code I've tried so far:
#!/bin/bash
F=$(find . -name '*[0-9]' -type d)
for i in "$F";
do
R2=$(echo "$i" | awk '{print $NF}')
R1=$(echo "$i" | sed 's/.\{4\}$//')
R3=$(echo "$R2" | sed -r "s/(^[0-9]+$)/(\1)/g")
mv "$i" "$R1 $R3"
# Even tried:
mv "\"$i"\" "\"$R2 $R3"\"
done
Does anyone can review or/and suggest some guidance to allow mv to find the initial folder and its destination?
following command:
find -name '*[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' -type d -exec bash -c 'for dir; do mv "$dir" "${dir%[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]}(${dir#${dir%[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]}})"; done' - {} + -prune
should work.
double quote arround variable expansion
${dir%[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]} to remove last 4 digits suffix
${dir#${dir%[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]}} to remove previous prefix
-exec bash -c '..' - {} + the - to skip the first argument after -c command which is taken for $0, see man bash /-c
-prune at the end to prevent to search in sub tree when matched, (suppose 2004/2004 then mv 2004/2004 "2004/(2004)" or mv 2004/2004 (2004)/2004' would fail)
I found Bash annoying when it comes to find and rename files for all the escaping one needs to make. This is a cleaner Ruby solution :
#!/usr/bin/ruby
require 'fileutils'
dirs = Dir.glob('./**/*').select {|x| x =~ / [0-9]*/ }
dirs.sort().reverse().each do |dir|
new_name=dir.gsub(/(.*)( )([0-9]{4})/, '\1\2(\3)')
FileUtils.mv dir,new_name
end
When $F has more than one directoy, the for loop will consider it as a one long entry with newlines (try echo "F=[$F]").
Also use -depth, you might have topdir 2004/subdir 2004. So first rename the subdir.
When the directories don't have newlines, you can try
#!/bin/bash
while IFS= read -r orgdir; do
mv "${orgdir}" "$(sed -r "s/([0-9]+$)/(\1)/g" <<< "${orgdir}")"
done < <(find . -depth -name '*[0-9]' -type d)
I created script to compare files in folder (with the name .jpg and without it BUT with the same NAME).The problem that script searches for files in ONE directory ,not in SubDirectories!How i can fix it?
for f in *
do
for n in *.jpg
do
tempfile="${n##*/}"
echo "Processing"
echo "${tempfile%.*}"
echo "$f"
if [[ "${tempfile%.*}" = $f ]]
then
echo "This files have the same name!"
//do something here
else
echo "No files"
fi
done
done
This requires bash version 4 for associative arrays.
shopt -s globstar nullglob extglob
declare -A jpgs
for jpg in **/*.jpg; do
name=$(basename "${jpg%.jpg}")
jpgs["$name"]=$jpg
done
for f in **/!(*.jpg); do
name=$(basename "$f")
if [[ -n ${jpgs["$name"]} ]]; then
echo "$f has the same name as ${jpgs["$name"]}"
fi
done
You can also try using find
find . -type f -name "*.sh" -printf "%f\n" | cut -f1 -d '.' > jpg.txt
while read line
do
find . -name "$line.*" -print
done < jpg.txt
I need to loop through a directory recursively and remove all files with extension .pdf and .doc. I'm managing to loop through a directory recursively but not managing to filter the files with the above mentioned file extensions.
My code so far
#/bin/sh
SEARCH_FOLDER="/tmp/*"
for f in $SEARCH_FOLDER
do
if [ -d "$f" ]
then
for ff in $f/*
do
echo "Processing $ff"
done
else
echo "Processing file $f"
fi
done
I need help to complete the code, since I'm not getting anywhere.
As a followup to mouviciel's answer, you could also do this as a for loop, instead of using xargs. I often find xargs cumbersome, especially if I need to do something more complicated in each iteration.
for f in $(find /tmp -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc'); do rm $f; done
As a number of people have commented, this will fail if there are spaces in filenames. You can work around this by temporarily setting the IFS (internal field seperator) to the newline character. This also fails if there are wildcard characters \[?* in the file names. You can work around that by temporarily disabling wildcard expansion (globbing).
IFS=$'\n'; set -f
for f in $(find /tmp -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc'); do rm "$f"; done
unset IFS; set +f
If you have newlines in your filenames, then that won't work either. You're better off with an xargs based solution:
find /tmp \( -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc' \) -print0 | xargs -0 rm
(The escaped brackets are required here to have the -print0 apply to both or clauses.)
GNU and *BSD find also has a -delete action, which would look like this:
find /tmp \( -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc' \) -delete
find is just made for that.
find /tmp -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc' | xargs rm
Without find:
for f in /tmp/* tmp/**/* ; do
...
done;
/tmp/* are files in dir and /tmp/**/* are files in subfolders. It is possible that you have to enable globstar option (shopt -s globstar).
So for the question the code should look like this:
shopt -s globstar
for f in /tmp/*.pdf /tmp/*.doc tmp/**/*.pdf tmp/**/*.doc ; do
rm "$f"
done
Note that this requires bash ≥4.0 (or zsh without shopt -s globstar, or ksh with set -o globstar instead of shopt -s globstar). Furthermore, in bash <4.3, this traverses symbolic links to directories as well as directories, which is usually not desirable.
If you want to do something recursively, I suggest you use recursion (yes, you can do it using stacks and so on, but hey).
recursiverm() {
for d in *; do
if [ -d "$d" ]; then
(cd -- "$d" && recursiverm)
fi
rm -f *.pdf
rm -f *.doc
done
}
(cd /tmp; recursiverm)
That said, find is probably a better choice as has already been suggested.
Here is an example using shell (bash):
#!/bin/bash
# loop & print a folder recusively,
print_folder_recurse() {
for i in "$1"/*;do
if [ -d "$i" ];then
echo "dir: $i"
print_folder_recurse "$i"
elif [ -f "$i" ]; then
echo "file: $i"
fi
done
}
# try get path from param
path=""
if [ -d "$1" ]; then
path=$1;
else
path="/tmp"
fi
echo "base path: $path"
print_folder_recurse $path
This doesn't answer your question directly, but you can solve your problem with a one-liner:
find /tmp \( -name "*.pdf" -o -name "*.doc" \) -type f -exec rm {} +
Some versions of find (GNU, BSD) have a -delete action which you can use instead of calling rm:
find /tmp \( -name "*.pdf" -o -name "*.doc" \) -type f -delete
For bash (since version 4.0):
shopt -s globstar nullglob dotglob
echo **/*".ext"
That's all.
The trailing extension ".ext" there to select files (or dirs) with that extension.
Option globstar activates the ** (search recursivelly).
Option nullglob removes an * when it matches no file/dir.
Option dotglob includes files that start wit a dot (hidden files).
Beware that before bash 4.3, **/ also traverses symbolic links to directories which is not desirable.
This method handles spaces well.
files="$(find -L "$dir" -type f)"
echo "Count: $(echo -n "$files" | wc -l)"
echo "$files" | while read file; do
echo "$file"
done
Edit, fixes off-by-one
function count() {
files="$(find -L "$1" -type f)";
if [[ "$files" == "" ]]; then
echo "No files";
return 0;
fi
file_count=$(echo "$files" | wc -l)
echo "Count: $file_count"
echo "$files" | while read file; do
echo "$file"
done
}
This is the simplest way I know to do this:
rm **/#(*.doc|*.pdf)
** makes this work recursively
#(*.doc|*.pdf) looks for a file ending in pdf OR doc
Easy to safely test by replacing rm with ls
The following function would recursively iterate through all the directories in the \home\ubuntu directory( whole directory structure under ubuntu ) and apply the necessary checks in else block.
function check {
for file in $1/*
do
if [ -d "$file" ]
then
check $file
else
##check for the file
if [ $(head -c 4 "$file") = "%PDF" ]; then
rm -r $file
fi
fi
done
}
domain=/home/ubuntu
check $domain
There is no reason to pipe the output of find into another utility. find has a -delete flag built into it.
find /tmp -name '*.pdf' -or -name '*.doc' -delete
The other answers provided will not include files or directories that start with a . the following worked for me:
#/bin/sh
getAll()
{
local fl1="$1"/*;
local fl2="$1"/.[!.]*;
local fl3="$1"/..?*;
for inpath in "$1"/* "$1"/.[!.]* "$1"/..?*; do
if [ "$inpath" != "$fl1" -a "$inpath" != "$fl2" -a "$inpath" != "$fl3" ]; then
stat --printf="%F\0%n\0\n" -- "$inpath";
if [ -d "$inpath" ]; then
getAll "$inpath"
#elif [ -f $inpath ]; then
fi;
fi;
done;
}
I think the most straightforward solution is to use recursion, in the following example, I have printed all the file names in the directory and its subdirectories.
You can modify it according to your needs.
#!/bin/bash
printAll() {
for i in "$1"/*;do # for all in the root
if [ -f "$i" ]; then # if a file exists
echo "$i" # print the file name
elif [ -d "$i" ];then # if a directroy exists
printAll "$i" # call printAll inside it (recursion)
fi
done
}
printAll $1 # e.g.: ./printAll.sh .
OUTPUT:
> ./printAll.sh .
./demoDir/4
./demoDir/mo st/1
./demoDir/m2/1557/5
./demoDir/Me/nna/7
./TEST
It works fine with spaces as well!
Note:
You can use echo $(basename "$i") # print the file name to print the file name without its path.
OR: Use echo ${i%/##*/}; # print the file name which runs extremely faster, without having to call the external basename.
Just do
find . -name '*.pdf'|xargs rm
If you can change the shell used to run the command, you can use ZSH to do the job.
#!/usr/bin/zsh
for file in /tmp/**/*
do
echo $file
done
This will recursively loop through all files/folders.
The following will loop through the given directory recursively and list all the contents :
for d in /home/ubuntu/*;
do
echo "listing contents of dir: $d";
ls -l $d/;
done