I have this file content:
2450TO3450
3800
4500TO4560
And I would like to obtain something of this sort:
2450
2454
2458
...
3450
3800
4500
4504
4508
..
4560
Basically I would need a one liner in sed/awk that would read the values on both sides of the TO separator and inject those in a seq command or do the loop on its own and dump it in the same file as a value per line with an arbitrary increment, let's say 4 in the example above.
I know I can use several one temp file, go the read command and sorts, but I would like to do it in a one liner starting with cat filename | etc. as it is already part of a bigger script.
Correctness of the input is guaranteed so always left side of TOis smaller than bigger side of it.
Thanks
Like this:
awk -F'TO' -v inc=4 'NF==1{print $1;next}{for(i=$1;i<=$2;i+=inc)print i}' file
or, if you like starting with cat:
cat file | awk -F'TO' -v inc=4 'NF==1{print $1;next}{for(i=$1;i<=$2;i+=inc)print i}'
Something like this might work:
awk -F TO '{system("seq " $1 " 4 " ($2 ? $2 : $1))}'
This would tell awk to system (execute) the command seq 10 4 10 for lines just containing 10 (which outputs 10), and something like seq 10 4 40 for lines like 10TO40. The output seems to match your example.
Given:
txt="2450TO3450
3800
4500TO4560"
You can do:
echo "$txt" | awk -F TO '{$2<$1 ? t=$1 : t=$2; for(i=$1; i<=t; i++) print i}'
If you want an increment greater than 1:
echo "$txt" | awk -F TO -v p=4 '{$2<$1 ? t=$1 : t=$2; for(i=$1; i<=t; i+=p) print i}'
Give a try to this:
sed 's/TO/ /' file.txt | while read first second; do if [ ! -z "$second" ] ; then seq $first 4 $second; else printf "%s\n" $first; fi; done
sed is used to replace TO with space char.
read is used to read the line, if there are 2 numbers, seq is used to generate the sequence. Otherwise, the uniq number is printed.
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -r 's/(.*)TO(.*)/seq \1 4 \2/e' file
This evaluates the RHS of the substitution command if the LHS contains TO.
So basically something like expr index '0123 some string' '012345789' but reversed.
I want to find the index of the first character that is not one of the given characters...
I'd rather not use RegEx, if it is possible...
You can remove chars with tr and pick the first from what is left
left=$(tr -d "012345789" <<< "0123_some string"); echo ${left:0:1}
_
once you have the char to find the index follow the same
expr index "0123_some string" ${left:0:1}
5
Using gnu awk and FPAT you can do this:
str="0123 some string"
awk -v FPAT='[012345789]+' '{print length($1)}' <<< "$str"
4
awk -v FPAT='[02345789]+' '{print length($1)}' <<< "$str"
1
awk -v FPAT='[01345789]+' '{print length($1)}' <<< "$str"
2
awk -v FPAT='[0123 ]+' '{print length($1)}' <<< "$str"
5
I know this is in Perl but I got to say that I like it:
$ perl -pe '$i++while s/^\d//;$_=$i' <<< '0123 some string'
4
In case of 1-based index you can use $. which is initialized at 1 when dealing with single lines:
$ perl -pe '$.++while s/^\d//;$_=$.' <<< '0123 some string'
5
I'm using \d because I assume that you by mistake left out the number 6 from the list 012345789
Index is currently pointing to the space:
0123 some string
^ this space
Even if shell globing might look similar, it is not a regex.
It could be done in two steps: cut the string, count characters (length).
#!/bin/dash
a="$1" ### string to process
b='0-9' ### range of characters not desired.
c=${a%%[!$b]*} ### cut the string at the first (not) "$b".
echo "${#c}" ### Print the value of the position index (from 0).
It is written to work on many shells (including bash, of course).
Use as:
$ script.sh "0123_some string"
4
$ script.sh "012s3_some string"
3
Say there is an input file with tabs delimited field, the first field is integer
1 abc
1 def
1 ghi
1 lalala
1 heyhey
2 ahb
2 bbh
3 chch
3 chchch
3 oiohho
3 nonon
3 halal
3 whatever
First, i need to compute the counts of the unique values in the first field, that will be:
5 for 1, 2 for 2, and 6 for 3
Then I need to find the max of these counts, in this case, it's 6.
Now i need to pass "6" to another awk script as a parmeter.
I know i can use command below to get a list of count:
cut -f1 input.txt | sort | uniq -c | awk -F ' ' '{print $1}' | sort
but how do i get the first count number and pass it to the next awk command as a parameter not as an input file?
This is nothing very specific for awk.
Either a program can read from stdin, then you can pass the input with a pipe:
prg1 | prg2
or your program expects input as parameter, then you use
prg2 $(prg1)
Note that in both cases prg1 is processed before prg2.
Some programs allow both possibilities, while a huge amount of data is rarely passed as argument.
This AWK script replaces your whole pipeline:
awk -v parameter="$(awk '{a[$1]++} END {for (i in a) {if (a[i] > max) {max = a[i]}}; print max}' inputfile)" '{print parameter}' otherfile
where '{print parameter}' is a standin for your other AWK script and "otherfile" is the input for that script.
Note: It is extremely likely that the two AWK scripts could be combined into one which would be less of a hack than doing it in a way such as that outlined in your question (awk feeding awk).
You can use the shell's $() command substitution:
awk -f script -v num=$(cut -f1 input.txt | sort | uniq -c | awk -F ' ' '{print $1}' | sort | tail -1) < input_file
(I added the tail -1 to ensure that at most one line is used.)
I have a text file like this.
res ABS sum
SER A 1 161.15 138.3
CYS A 2 66.65 49.6
PRO A 3 21.48 15.8
ALA A 4 77.68 72.0
ILE A 5 15.70 9.0
HIS A 6 10.88 5.9
I would like to extract the names of first column(res) based on the values of last column(sum). I have to print resnames if sum >25 and sum<25. How can I get the output like this?
This should do it:
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=" "}{if($5 != 25) print $1}' bla.txt
While you can do this with a while read loop in bash, it's easier, and most likely faster, to use awk
awk '$5 != 25 { print $1 }'
Note that your logic print resnames if sum >25 and sum<25 is the same as print if sum != 25.
Consider using awk. Its a simple tool for processing columns of text (and much more). Here's a simple awk tutorial which will give you an overview. If you want to use it within a bash script, then this tutorial should help.
Run this on the command line to give you an idea of how you could do it:
> echo "SER A 1 161.15 138.3" | awk '{ if($5 > 25) print $1}'
> SER
> echo "SER A 1 161.15 138.3" | awk '{ if($5 > 140) print $1}'
>
while read line
do
v=($line)
sum=${v[4]}
((${sum/.*/} >= 25)) && echo ${v[0]}
done < file
You need to skip the first line.
Since bash doesn't handle floating point values, this will print 25 which isn't exactly bigger than 25.
This can be handled with calling bc for arithmetics.
tail -n +2 ser.dat | while read line
do
v=($line)
sum=${v[4]}
gt=$(echo "$sum > 25" | bc) && echo ${v[0]}
done
what about the good old cut?
:)
say you would like to have the second column,
cat your_file.txt | sed 's, +, ,g' | cut -d" " -f 2
what is doing sed in this command?
cut expects columns to be separated by a character or a string of fixed length (see documentation).
I have a CSV file that looks like this
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Binary ave.,Atlantis,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mrs. Plain Example, 1121110 Ternary st. 110 Binary ave..,Atlantis,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Binary ave.,Liberty City,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Ternary ave.,Some City,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
I need to sort it by line length including spaces. The following command doesn't
include spaces, is there a way to modify it so it will work for me?
cat $# | awk '{ print length, $0 }' | sort -n | awk '{$1=""; print $0}'
Answer
cat testfile | awk '{ print length, $0 }' | sort -n -s | cut -d" " -f2-
Or, to do your original (perhaps unintentional) sub-sorting of any equal-length lines:
cat testfile | awk '{ print length, $0 }' | sort -n | cut -d" " -f2-
In both cases, we have solved your stated problem by moving away from awk for your final cut.
Lines of matching length - what to do in the case of a tie:
The question did not specify whether or not further sorting was wanted for lines of matching length. I've assumed that this is unwanted and suggested the use of -s (--stable) to prevent such lines being sorted against each other, and keep them in the relative order in which they occur in the input.
(Those who want more control of sorting these ties might look at sort's --key option.)
Why the question's attempted solution fails (awk line-rebuilding):
It is interesting to note the difference between:
echo "hello awk world" | awk '{print}'
echo "hello awk world" | awk '{$1="hello"; print}'
They yield respectively
hello awk world
hello awk world
The relevant section of (gawk's) manual only mentions as an aside that awk is going to rebuild the whole of $0 (based on the separator, etc) when you change one field. I guess it's not crazy behaviour. It has this:
"Finally, there are times when it is convenient to force awk to rebuild the entire record, using the current value of the fields and OFS. To do this, use the seemingly innocuous assignment:"
$1 = $1 # force record to be reconstituted
print $0 # or whatever else with $0
"This forces awk to rebuild the record."
Test input including some lines of equal length:
aa A line with MORE spaces
bb The very longest line in the file
ccb
9 dd equal len. Orig pos = 1
500 dd equal len. Orig pos = 2
ccz
cca
ee A line with some spaces
1 dd equal len. Orig pos = 3
ff
5 dd equal len. Orig pos = 4
g
The AWK solution from neillb is great if you really want to use awk and it explains why it's a hassle there, but if what you want is to get the job done quickly and don't care what you do it in, one solution is to use Perl's sort() function with a custom caparison routine to iterate over the input lines. Here is a one liner:
perl -e 'print sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } <>'
You can put this in your pipeline wherever you need it, either receiving STDIN (from cat or a shell redirect) or just give the filename to perl as another argument and let it open the file.
In my case I needed the longest lines first, so I swapped out $a and $b in the comparison.
Benchmark results
Below are the results of a benchmark across solutions from other answers to this question.
Test method
10 sequential runs on a fast machine, averaged
Perl 5.24
awk 3.1.5 (gawk 4.1.0 times were ~2% faster)
The input file is a 550MB, 6 million line monstrosity (British National Corpus txt)
Results
Caleb's perl solution took 11.2 seconds
my perl solution took 11.6 seconds
neillb's awk solution #1 took 20 seconds
neillb's awk solution #2 took 23 seconds
anubhava's awk solution took 24 seconds
Jonathan's awk solution took 25 seconds
Fritz's bash solution takes 400x longer than the awk solutions (using a truncated test case of 100000 lines). It works fine, just takes forever.
Another perl solution
perl -ne 'push #a, $_; END{ print sort { length $a <=> length $b } #a }' file
Try this command instead:
awk '{print length, $0}' your-file | sort -n | cut -d " " -f2-
Pure Bash:
declare -a sorted
while read line; do
if [ -z "${sorted[${#line}]}" ] ; then # does line length already exist?
sorted[${#line}]="$line" # element for new length
else
sorted[${#line}]="${sorted[${#line}]}\n$line" # append to lines with equal length
fi
done < data.csv
for key in ${!sorted[*]}; do # iterate over existing indices
echo -e "${sorted[$key]}" # echo lines with equal length
done
Python Solution
Here's a Python one-liner that does the same, tested with Python 3.9.10 and 2.7.18. It's about 60% faster than Caleb's perl solution, and the output is identical (tested with a 300MiB wordlist file with 14.8 million lines).
python -c 'import sys; sys.stdout.writelines(sorted(sys.stdin.readlines(), key=len))'
Benchmark:
python -c 'import sys; sys.stdout.writelines(sorted(sys.stdin.readlines(), key=len))'
real 0m5.308s
user 0m3.733s
sys 0m1.490s
perl -e 'print sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } <>'
real 0m8.840s
user 0m7.117s
sys 0m2.279s
The length() function does include spaces. I would make just minor adjustments to your pipeline (including avoiding UUOC).
awk '{ printf "%d:%s\n", length($0), $0;}' "$#" | sort -n | sed 's/^[0-9]*://'
The sed command directly removes the digits and colon added by the awk command. Alternatively, keeping your formatting from awk:
awk '{ print length($0), $0;}' "$#" | sort -n | sed 's/^[0-9]* //'
I found these solutions will not work if your file contains lines that start with a number, since they will be sorted numerically along with all the counted lines. The solution is to give sort the -g (general-numeric-sort) flag instead of -n (numeric-sort):
awk '{ print length, $0 }' lines.txt | sort -g | cut -d" " -f2-
With POSIX Awk:
{
c = length
m[c] = m[c] ? m[c] RS $0 : $0
} END {
for (c in m) print m[c]
}
Example
1) pure awk solution. Let's suppose that line length cannot be more > 1024
then
cat filename | awk 'BEGIN {min = 1024; s = "";} {l = length($0); if (l < min) {min = l; s = $0;}} END {print s}'
2) one liner bash solution assuming all lines have just 1 word, but can reworked for any case where all lines have same number of words:
LINES=$(cat filename); for k in $LINES; do printf "$k "; echo $k | wc -L; done | sort -k2 | head -n 1 | cut -d " " -f1
using Raku (formerly known as Perl6)
~$ cat "BinaryAve.txt" | raku -e 'given lines() {.sort(*.chars).join("\n").say};'
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Binary ave.,Atlantis,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Ternary ave.,Some City,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mr. Plain Example, 110 Binary ave.,Liberty City,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
AS2345,ASDF1232, Mrs. Plain Example, 1121110 Ternary st. 110 Binary ave..,Atlantis,RI,12345,(999)123-5555,1.56
To reverse the sort, add .reverse in the middle of the chain of method calls--immediately after .sort(). Here's code showing that .chars includes spaces:
~$ cat "number_triangle.txt" | raku -e 'given lines() {.map(*.chars).say};'
(1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 0)
~$ cat "number_triangle.txt"
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Here's a time comparison between awk and Raku using a 9.1MB txt file from Genbank:
~$ time cat "rat_whole_genome.txt" | raku -e 'given lines() {.sort(*.chars).join("\n").say};' > /dev/null
real 0m1.308s
user 0m1.213s
sys 0m0.173s
~$ #awk code from neillb
~$ time cat "rat_whole_genome.txt" | awk '{ print length, $0 }' | sort -n -s | cut -d" " -f2- > /dev/null
real 0m1.189s
user 0m1.170s
sys 0m0.050s
HTH.
https://raku.org
Here is a multibyte-compatible method of sorting lines by length. It requires:
wc -m is available to you (macOS has it).
Your current locale supports multi-byte characters, e.g., by setting LC_ALL=UTF-8. You can set this either in your .bash_profile, or simply by prepending it before the following command.
testfile has a character encoding matching your locale (e.g., UTF-8).
Here's the full command:
cat testfile | awk '{l=$0; gsub(/\047/, "\047\"\047\"\047", l); cmd=sprintf("echo \047%s\047 | wc -m", l); cmd | getline c; close(cmd); sub(/ */, "", c); { print c, $0 }}' | sort -ns | cut -d" " -f2-
Explaining part-by-part:
l=$0; gsub(/\047/, "\047\"\047\"\047", l); ← makes of a copy of each line in awk variable l and double-escapes every ' so the line can safely be echoed as a shell command (\047 is a single-quote in octal notation).
cmd=sprintf("echo \047%s\047 | wc -m", l); ← this is the command we'll execute, which echoes the escaped line to wc -m.
cmd | getline c; ← executes the command and copies the character count value that is returned into awk variable c.
close(cmd); ← close the pipe to the shell command to avoid hitting a system limit on the number of open files in one process.
sub(/ */, "", c); ← trims white space from the character count value returned by wc.
{ print c, $0 } ← prints the line's character count value, a space, and the original line.
| sort -ns ← sorts the lines (by prepended character count values) numerically (-n), and maintaining stable sort order (-s).
| cut -d" " -f2- ← removes the prepended character count values.
It's slow (only 160 lines per second on a fast Macbook Pro) because it must execute a sub-command for each line.
Alternatively, just do this solely with gawk (as of version 3.1.5, gawk is multibyte aware), which would be significantly faster. It's a lot of trouble doing all the escaping and double-quoting to safely pass the lines through a shell command from awk, but this is the only method I could find that doesn't require installing additional software (gawk is not available by default on macOS).
Revisiting this one. This is how I approached it (count length of LINE and store it as LEN, sort by LEN, keep only the LINE):
cat test.csv | while read LINE; do LEN=$(echo ${LINE} | wc -c); echo ${LINE} ${LEN}; done | sort -k 2n | cut -d ' ' -f 1