Stdio/Stdlib still linking after passing -ffreestanding and -nostdlib flags to linker - gcc

I'm trying to compile a bare metal application for an ARM c
Cortex-M3 processor and I'm having trouble setting up the compiler/link flags. I'm on Ubuntu Trusty, using arm-none-eabi-gcc compiler 4.9.3 20150529.
Here is my main.c:
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
printf("Hello, world");
}
// Tons of clock initialization code ...
And here is the generated link command:
arm-none-eabi-gcc -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mlittle-endian -g -ggdb
-T /home/user/hello-arm/cmake/../ldscripts/STM32F100XB_FLASH.ld
-ffreestanding -nostdlib CMakeFiles/blinky.elf.dir/src/main.c.o
CMakeFiles/blinky.elf.dir/src/stm32f1xx_hal_msp.c.o
CMakeFiles/blinky.elf.dir/src/stm32f1xx_it.c.o
CMakeFiles/blinky.elf.dir/src/stm32vl_discovery.c.o -o blinky.elf
system/libhal_init.a system/libhal_cortex.a system/libhal_flash.a
system/libhal_gpio.a system/libstartup.a system/libhal_rcc.a
and here is the error:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-init.o): In function `__libc_init_array':
init.c:(.text.__libc_init_array+0x20): undefined reference to `_init'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o): In function `_sbrk_r': sbrkr.c
(.text._sbrk_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_sbrk'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-writer.o): In function `_write_r':
writer.c:(.text._write_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_write'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-closer.o): In function `_close_r':
closer.c:(.text._close_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_close'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-lseekr.o): In function `_lseek_r':
lseekr.c:(.text._lseek_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_lseek'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-readr.o): In function `_read_r': readr.c:
(.text._read_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_read'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-fstatr.o): In function `_fstat_r':
fstatr.c:(.text._fstat_r+0xe): undefined reference to `_fstat'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libc.a(lib_a-isattyr.o): In function `_isatty_r':
isattyr.c:(.text._isatty_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_isatty'
I was expecting a different error though: printf undefined. This tells me that stdio.h is being found, and stdlib is being linked.
Finally it is worth noting one thing. If I remove -nostdlib, I get a very slightly different error:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-exit.o): In function `exit': exit.c:(.text.exit+0x16):
undefined reference to `_exit' /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-
eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-m/libg.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o):
In function `_sbrk_r': sbrkr.c:(.text._sbrk_r+0xc): undefined reference to
`_sbrk' /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-
eabi/lib/armv7-m/libg.a(lib_a-writer.o): In function `_write_r': writer.c:
(.text._write_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_write'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-closer.o): In function `_close_r': closer.c:
(.text._close_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_close'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-lseekr.o): In function `_lseek_r': lseekr.c:
(.text._lseek_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_lseek'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-readr.o): In function `_read_r': readr.c:
(.text._read_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_read'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-fstatr.o): In function `_fstat_r': fstatr.c:
(.text._fstat_r+0xe): undefined reference to `_fstat'
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv7-
m/libg.a(lib_a-isattyr.o): In function `_isatty_r': isattyr.c:
(.text._isatty_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_isatty' collect2: error: ld
returned 1 exit status
[EDIT] Here is the compiling of main.c:
arm-none-eabi-gcc -DSTM32F100xB -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m3
-mlittle-endian -nostdlib -ffreestanding -g -ggdb -I/home/user/hello-arm/apps/blinky/include -I/home/user/hello-arm/system/include/stm32f1xx_hal -I/home/user/hello-arm/system/include/cmsis -o CMakeFiles/blinky.elf.dir/src/main.c.o -c
/home/user/hello-arm/apps/blinky/src/main.c
[EDIT2] Object dump of main.c.o:
00000000 <main>:
0: b580 push {r7, lr}
2: b082 sub sp, #8
4: af00 add r7, sp, #0
6: 4824 ldr r0, [pc, #144] ; (98 <main+0x98>)
8: f7ff fffe bl 0 <printf>
c: f7ff fffe bl 0 <HAL_Init>
10: f7ff fffe bl a8 <SystemClock_Config>
14: 4a21 ldr r2, [pc, #132] ; (9c <main+0x9c>)
...
Looks like the printf symbol is still there.
[EDIT3] I just want to explicitly note that the difference between having -nostdlib and not having it is linking libc.a and libg.a
[EDIT4] The linker script makes no references to standard libraries outside of what I've pasted below:
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}

Related

glibc compilation error: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wait_private'

I got an error when compiling glibc and googled it for a long time and didn't get it! This is the output of the compiler:
x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -o /mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/elf/ld.so.new \
-Wl,-z,combreloc -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,--hash-style=both -Wl,-z,defs \
/mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/elf/librtld.os -Wl,--version-script=/mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/ld.ma\
-Wl,-soname=ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \
-Wl,-defsym=_begin=0
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/elf/librtld.os: in function `_dl_make_stacks_executable':
/mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/dl-execstack.c:69: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wait_private'
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/dl-execstack.c:91: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wake_private'
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/elf/librtld.os: in function `__thread_gscope_wait':
/mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../sysdeps/nptl/dl-thread_gscope_wait.c:79: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wake_private'
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../sysdeps/nptl/dl-thread_gscope_wait.c:28: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wait_private'
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/build-glibc-2.35/elf/librtld.os: in function `_dl_init_static_tls':
/mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../elf/dl-tls.c:1092: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wait_private'
/usr/sbin/ld: /mnt/g/gcc/build/glibc-2.35/elf/../elf/dl-tls.c:1103: undefined reference to `__lll_lock_wake_private'

P3DFFT compilation - "Undefined reference" but libraries are linked

I need help with compilation of P3DFFT. I'm literally lost in the process, because the compiler is complaining about "undefined reference" to lots of symbols, but those symbols are present in the libraries.
My command:
mpicc -g -O2 -I../../include -L/home/martin/fftw3/libs -lfftw3 /home/martin/p3dfft/build/libp3dfft.a driver_rand.c -o driver_rand
Compiler output:
driver_rand.c: In function ‘main’:
driver_rand.c:114:10: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fscanf’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fscanf(fp,"%d %d %d %d %d\n",&nx,&ny,&nz,&ndim,&n);
^
driver_rand.c:137:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fscanf’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fscanf(fp,"%d %d\n",dims,dims+1);
^
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_setup':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:90: undefined reference to `p3dfft_setup'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_get_dims':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:100: undefined reference to `p3dfft_get_dims'
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:100: undefined reference to `p3dfft_get_dims'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_clean':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:95: undefined reference to `p3dfft_clean'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cget_timers':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:105: undefined reference to `get_timers'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cset_timers':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:110: undefined reference to `set_timers'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_ftran_r2c':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:117: undefined reference to `p3dfft_ftran_r2c'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_btran_c2r':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:130: undefined reference to `p3dfft_btran_c2r'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `main':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/driver_rand.c:106: undefined reference to `set_timers'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_setup':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:90: undefined reference to `p3dfft_setup'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_get_dims':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:100: undefined reference to `p3dfft_get_dims'
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:100: undefined reference to `p3dfft_get_dims'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_ftran_r2c':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:117: undefined reference to `p3dfft_ftran_r2c'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_btran_c2r':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:130: undefined reference to `p3dfft_btran_c2r'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `Cp3dfft_clean':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/../../include/p3dfft.h:95: undefined reference to `p3dfft_clean'
/tmp/cc52N8Sc.o: In function `main':
/home/martin/p3dfft/sample/C/driver_rand.c:258: undefined reference to `get_timers'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Undefined symbols ARE present in libp3dfft.a:
nm ../../build/libp3dfft.a --defined-only | grep 'p3dfft_setup'
000000000000d030 T __p3dfft_MOD_p3dfft_setup
0000000000010ed0 T p3dfft_setup
nm ../../build/libp3dfft.a --defined-only | grep 'get_timers'
00000000000052f0 T get_timers
0000000000005230 T __p3dfft_MOD_get_timers
Do you have ANY idea what am I doing wrong?
I'm not familiar with your particular compiler, but I think you may need to correct the order of the source file and the libraries on your command line, i.e.
mpicc -g -O2 -I../../include -L/home/martin/fftw3/libs -lfftw3 /home/martin/p3dfft/build/libp3dfft.a driver_rand.c -o driver_rand
should probably be:
mpicc -g -O2 -I../../include driver_rand.c /home/martin/p3dfft/build/libp3dfft.a -L/home/martin/fftw3/libs -lfftw3 -o driver_rand

Buliding llvm examples, /llvm/lib/Support/Mutex.cpp:53: undefined reference to `pthread_mutexattr_init'

I'm attempting to follow the steps on http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/LangImpl3.html to build the example.
based on
Building llvm examples
#error "Must #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS before #including Support/DataTypes.h"
Why am I getting "undefined reference to `dladdr'" even with -ldl for this simple program?
I've ended up with the command
clang++ -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -std=c++11 -g -O3 toy.cpp `llvm-config --libs core --cppflags --ldflags` -o toy
which is giving
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(Mutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::MutexImpl::MutexImpl(bool)':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Mutex.cpp:53: undefined reference to `pthread_mutexattr_init'
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Mutex.cpp:59: undefined reference to `pthread_mutexattr_settype'
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Mutex.cpp:67: undefined reference to `pthread_mutexattr_destroy'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(Mutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::MutexImpl::tryacquire()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Mutex.cpp:109: undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_trylock'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::RWMutexImpl()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:59: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::~RWMutexImpl()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:72: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_destroy'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::reader_acquire()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:82: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_rdlock'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::reader_release()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:92: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::writer_acquire()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:102: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(RWMutex.o): In function `llvm::sys::RWMutexImpl::writer_release()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/RWMutex.cpp:112: undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(Signals.o): In function `llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(_IO_FILE*)':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:278: undefined reference to `dladdr'
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:290: undefined reference to `dladdr'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(ThreadLocal.o): In function `llvm::sys::ThreadLocalImpl::ThreadLocalImpl()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/ThreadLocal.cpp:56: undefined reference to `pthread_key_create'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(ThreadLocal.o): In function `llvm::sys::ThreadLocalImpl::~ThreadLocalImpl()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/ThreadLocal.cpp:63: undefined reference to `pthread_key_delete'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(ThreadLocal.o): In function `llvm::sys::ThreadLocalImpl::setInstance(void const*)':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/ThreadLocal.cpp:70: undefined reference to `pthread_setspecific'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(ThreadLocal.o): In function `llvm::sys::ThreadLocalImpl::getInstance()':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/ThreadLocal.cpp:77: undefined reference to `pthread_getspecific'
/usr/local/lib/libLLVMSupport.a(Threading.o): In function `llvm::llvm_execute_on_thread(void (*)(void*), void*, unsigned int)':
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Threading.cpp:91: undefined reference to `pthread_attr_setstacksize'
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Threading.cpp:96: undefined reference to `pthread_create'
/home/abdev/llvmHome/llvm/lib/Support/Threading.cpp:100: undefined reference to `pthread_join'
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Am I missing a library, or is some of the order incorrect?
I believe you need to link with -lpthread or just -pthread

Makefile for Gtk+ and cuda

I'm trying to develop a packet analyzer with CUDA support for pattern matching. I'm using GTK+ for GUI creation but I am not able to compile the GUI file together with the cuda files. How to write makefile for this case?
The project is having two parts: 1. Analyzer 2. GUI
Analyzer consists of many .c,.h files and one .cu file.
GUI part has only one file gui.c
I have included packet_analyzer.h in gui.c.
I tried the following makefile
all: guitest
guitest: gui.o list.o queue.o Word.o dictionary.o packet_capturer.o rule.o aho-corasick.o aho-corasick_cuda.o packet_analyzer.o
gcc -lpcap -lpthread `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` gui.o list.o queue.o Word.o dictionary.o packet_capturer.o rule.o aho-corasick.o aho-corasick_cuda.o packet_analyzer.o
gui.o: gui.c
gcc -lpcap -lpthread -c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` gui.c
list.o : list.c
gcc -c list.c
queue.o : queue.c
gcc -c queue.c
Word.o : Word.c Word.h
gcc -c Word.c
dictionary.o : dictionary.c
gcc -c dictionary.c
rule.o : rule.c rule.h
gcc -c rule.c rule.h
packet_capturer.o : packet_capturer.c
gcc -lpcap -lpthread -c packet_capturer.c
aho-corasick.o : aho-corasick.c
gcc -lpcap -lpthread -c aho-corasick.c
aho-corasick_cuda.o : aho-corasick_cuda.cu
nvcc -lpcap -lpthread -c aho-corasick_cuda.cu
packet_analyzer.o : packet_analyzer.c
gcc -lpcap -lpthread -c packet_analyzer.c
clean:
rm -rf *o guitest
i end up with the following errors:
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `transfer_tries_from_hosttodevice(int, int, int)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x37): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x5d): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x86): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xac): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
aho-corasick_cuda.o:tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xfb): more undefined references to `cudaMalloc' follow
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `transfer_tries_from_hosttodevice(int, int, int)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x132): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x166): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x19d): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x1d1): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x208): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
aho-corasick_cuda.o:tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x23c): more undefined references to `cudaMemcpy' follow
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `transfer_packets_from_hosttodevice(void*)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x3b1): undefined reference to `Queue_dequeue(Queue*)'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x519): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x52b): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x53d): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x56b): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x58b): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x5ab): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `analyze_packets(void*)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x663): undefined reference to `cudaMalloc'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x683): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x6dd): undefined reference to `cudaConfigureCall'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x777): undefined reference to `cudaMemcpy'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x78a): undefined reference to `Queue_dequeue(Queue*)'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x7d5): undefined reference to `Queue_enqueue(Queue*, void*)'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x7f3): undefined reference to `cudaFree'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x802): undefined reference to `cudaFree'
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `__cudaUnregisterBinaryUtil()':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x824): undefined reference to `__cudaUnregisterFatBinary'
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `__device_stub__Z14AC_search_CudaPiS_S_S_S_S_S_S_PhiS_(int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, unsigned char*, int, int*)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x85c): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x87f): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x8a2): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x8c5): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x8e8): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
aho-corasick_cuda.o:tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x90b): more undefined references to `cudaSetupArgument' follow
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `__sti____cudaRegisterAll_52_tmpxft_00001608_00000000_4_aho_corasick_cuda_cpp1_ii_9958a654()':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xa82): undefined reference to `__cudaRegisterFatBinary'
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xae3): undefined reference to `__cudaRegisterFunction'
aho-corasick_cuda.o: In function `cudaError cudaLaunch<char>(char*)':
tmpxft_00001608_00000000-1_aho-corasick_cuda.cudafe1.cpp:(.text._Z10cudaLaunchIcE9cudaErrorPT_[cudaError cudaLaunch<char>(char*)]+0x14): undefined reference to `cudaLaunch'
aho-corasick_cuda.o:(.eh_frame+0x12): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [guitest] Error 1
You need to link with the CUDA runtime library. Add -lcudart to your link command (and CUDA lib path if necessary).
It's the nvcc -lpcap -lpthread $(ANALYZER) -o packet_analyzer.o line that's failing, right? With the -o option, you're telling it to build a complete executable, not just the object files. It needs a main function to do that, which I presume you don't have in any of the $(ANALYZER) files. Instead, try compiling all the sources with the -c flag (like you've done with gcc for gui.c), and then wrap it all together and link it with the other gcc command.

Does linking switch order matters?

I tried to put up an example using c++ for accessing Cassandra, and so Using Thrift.
Copying the example, I had this strange situation:
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ -I/usr/include/thrift/ -c prova.cpp -o prova.o
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ -I/usr/include/thrift/ -c cassandra_constants.cpp -o cassandra_constants.o
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ -I/usr/include/thrift/ -c cassandra_types.cpp -o cassandra_types.o
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ -I/usr/include/thrift/ -c Cassandra.cpp -o Cassandra.o
g++storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ -lthrift *.o -o prova
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraClient::recv_login()':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x12d2c): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraClient::recv_set_keyspace()':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x1339c): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraClient::recv_get(org::apache::cassandra::ColumnOrSuperColumn&)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x13a0b): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraClient::recv_get_slice(std::vector<org::apache::cassandra::ColumnOrSuperColumn, std::allocator<org::apache::cassandra::ColumnOrSuperColumn> >&)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x142db): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraClient::recv_get_count()':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x14b40): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)'
Cassandra.o:Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x153bd): more undefined references to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::read(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*)' follow
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraProcessor::process(boost::shared_ptr<apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol>, boost::shared_ptr<apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol>, void*)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x21511): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraProcessor::process_fn(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, int, void*)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x21882): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraProcessor::process_login(int, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, void*)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x21fa8): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraProcessor::process_set_keyspace(int, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, void*)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x2291e): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const'
Cassandra.o: In function `org::apache::cassandra::CassandraProcessor::process_get(int, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*, void*)':
Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x233b9): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const'
Cassandra.o:Cassandra.cpp:(.text+0x23e16): more undefined references to `apache::thrift::TApplicationException::write(apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol*) const' follow
prova.o: In function `main':
prova.cpp:(.text+0x6e): undefined reference to `apache::thrift::transport::TSocket::TSocket(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, int)'
prova.o: In function `apache::thrift::transport::TFramedTransport::TFramedTransport(boost::shared_ptr<apache::thrift::transport::TTransport>)':
prova.cpp:(.text._ZN6apache6thrift9transport16TFramedTransportC1EN5boost10shared_ptrINS1_10TTransportEEE[apache::thrift::transport::TFramedTransport::TFramedTransport(boost::shared_ptr<apache::thrift::transport::TTransport>)]+0x26): undefined reference to `vtable for apache::thrift::transport::TFramedTransport'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ ls
cassandra_constants.cpp cassandra_constants.o Cassandra.h cassandra_types.cpp cassandra_types.o prova.o
cassandra_constants.h Cassandra.cpp Cassandra.o cassandra_types.h prova.cpp
Then, with some Voodoo I tried to move the -l switch at the end of the linking order, and magically ...
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$ g++ *.o -o prova -lthrift
storm#debian:~/Script/goh-server/src/cassandra$
On the Thrift documentation, the -l switch is put in the beginning, and in fact automake DOES put it before the '*.o's and -o switch.
What's wrong with it ?
Edit:
In fact is not true that automake put -l flags in the beginning. It does put them in the end in the linking stage. Still: why does the order matter ?
It matters. -llibrary must follow everything that references the library.
If you have circular references between static libraries, you end up with -llibrary twice.

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