I'm making a 3D printer from scratch, hardware and software. I am using mingw to compile on windows and it works. But the .exe it produces relies on a bunch of .dlls in mingw's bin folder. So that means that either I'm doing something wrong or just don't know which .dlls need to go with my .exe.
The command I run to compile is:
g++ -o Slicer.exe "d:\Programming And Creativity\Slicer\main.cpp" "d:\Programming And Creativity\Slicer\slice.cpp" "d:\Programming And Creativity\Slicer\face.cpp" "d:\Programming And Creativity\Slicer\line.cpp" "d:\Programming And Creativity\Slicer\vertex.cpp"
If I try going to my project's folder and running g++ from there, it complains about a bunch of missing files. How can I reduce the numer of dll's needed to run the exe file?
I figured out a solution to my problem, I just had to add the --static flag.
Related
I'm trying to compile a C program using Ncurses on Windows. I compiled it successfully using GCC and it works perfectly if I run it in Cygwin or MSYS2. However, if I try to run it in the Windows Command Prompt, I get this error:
Error opening terminal: xterm-256color.
Is it possible to compile it to run using the native Windows console? This is how I've been compiling it:
gcc -o PROGRAMNAME main.c -lncurses
I also have the Cygwin and Msys dlls for Ncurses copied into the directory of the compiled executable.
Update
So I figured out how to get the program to run. I deleted all the DLLs from the project folder and then added "C:\msys64\usr\bin" to my PATH environment variable. However, I would still like to know if there's a way to get this to work if I were to distribute it, since it's still relying on my installation of MSYS2.
Update 2
Gave up and just used pdcurses and it works fine.
Update 3
Nevermind, found a solution! See below.
I figured out a solution. I'll post it here in case anyone else has this same issue. Thanks to Thomas Dickey for your help!
Install the mingw-w64 toolchain and any other packages you need to compile your project (this is mostly where I messed up)
Make sure to include the /mingw64/include/ncurses directory when compiling, or else gcc won't be able to find curses.h
Include /mingw64/bin as a static directory or copy over the necessary dlls to the same folder as the directory
I ended up with this to compile:
gcc -I/mingw64/include/ncurses -o PROGRAMNAME main.c -lncurses -L/mingw64/bin -static
I am trying to compile a program which uses GSL, in fact I am already able to compile it successfully on my local machine using
g++ -o program program.c prog0.o -L/usr/local/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm
My problem is that I need to compile this program on a work machine in a shared system, but I know the program will not compile with an up to date version of GSL, so I need to install and use an older version.
I did this on my own system using the default installation, so the relevant files are located in /usr/local/lib on my local machine, and the compilation works for me with the above command.
But since the work machine is in a shared system, I cannot mess with the default directories, so I installed the correct GSL version on the work machine in my directory under /home/myname/gsl/.
So on the work machine the folder /home/myname/gsl/lib contains the same relevant files as the folder /usr/local/lib on my machine.
Now I did various attempts to try and tell g++ to use this custom installation folder, which I thought would come down to
g++ -o program program.c prog0.o -L/home/myname/gsl/lib -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm
but no success. No matter what I did g++ always used the GSL version installed on the shared system, even using just
g++ -o program program.c prog0.o
I only started programming C/C++ not long ago and only know the very basics of how to compile programs, so this linking thing is still always confusing me..
But as far as I can tell -L/dir/ should tell g++ to use the library in /dir/ and -lgsl -lgslcblas are the files which it should look for in that library... ?
But it seems g++ doesn't care what library I tell it here, it always seems to use whatever is in the PATH of the shared work system, which seems to include this up-to-date version of GSL that I cannot use. But I also cannot change the PATH since I only have access to my own subdirectories on the work system..
So how do I tell g++ to ignore the default version of GSL and use the one I installed manually at /home/myname/gsl/ ?
I figured out the answer, it is actually simple. The problem was just my lack of understanding proper usage of outside libraries and trying to fix the compilation command was the wrong approach.
In the code in program.c, gsl was included with
#include <gsl/gsl_blas.h>
and so on. Of course, the "<>" directly tell the compiler to look in known include directories, where the up-to-date GSL is installed on the shared system.. So the way to use a custom version was just to instead use
#include "/home/myname/gsl/lib/gsl_blas.h"
and so on, directly specifying that I want to use my custom installation.
I then compiled with
g++ -o program program.c prog0.o /home/myname/gsl/lib/libgsl.so /home/myname/gsl/lib/libgslcblas.so -lm
and it compiles successfully.
(This brought up some other unclarities for me, but at least this specific problem is solved.)
1. cmake is a command from CMake software: preparation for build automation system; make and make install are commands from Make software: build automation system.
2. From reading this post, what I understand is that:
a. This "cmake and make" stuffs actually use g++ / gcc in its implementation. cmake and make stuffs are basically just tools in using g++ / gcc. Is that correct?
b. gcc / g++ are the compiler that do the actual work.
c. So I can just use gcc / g++ directly without using the make and CMake things?
3. According to this stackoverflow answer: CMake takes a CMakeList.txt file, and outputs it to a platform-specific build format, e.g., a Makefile, Visual Studio, etc.
However when I came across this openCV installation :
mkdir release
cd release
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
It executes cmake command in a directory where there is no CMakeLists.txt file. Can you explain and elaborate on this?
4. The usual steps that I've seen are: cmake, make, sudo make install.
I read this stackoverflow post, what I understand:
(i) make is for building the project.
(ii) make install is to copy the binary / executables to the installed directories.
a. So when we make, where are the result / binary files / executables stored at?
b. If we only run make without make install, does it mean that the files are not generated?
c. I came across this openCV tutorial on using openCV with GCC and CMake. It uses:
cd <DisplayImage_directory>
cmake .
make
Why doesn't it do make install as well?
5. In summary:
CMake takes CMakeList.txt file (which is cross platform) to generate a Makefile (which is specific to a platform).
I can just write Makefile manually and skip the CMake step. but it is better to do with the CMake step because it is cross platform, otherwise I have to rewrite the Makefile again if I change platform.
Make takes Makefile (which is generated by CMake or written manually) as a guide to compile and build. Make basically uses gcc / g++ or other compiler in its work. Make itself is just a tool for the compiler.
Make install put the result / executables into the install path
CMake generates files for other build systems. These can be Makefiles, Ninja files or projects files for IDEs like Visual Studio or Eclipse. The build files contain calls to compilers like GCC, Clang, or cl.exe. If you have several compilers installed, you can choose one.
All three parts are independent. The compiler, the build system and CMake.
It is easier to understand when you have the history. People used their compiler. Over time they added so many flags, that it was cumbersome to type them every time. So they put the calls in a script. From that the build systems (Make, Ninja) evolved.
The people wanted to support multiple platforms, compilers, scenarios and so on and the build system files became hard to maintain and their use was error-prone. That's the reason people invented meta build system that creates the files for the actual build system. Examples are Autotools or CMake.
Yes
CMake does not use your compiler, make does not implement it, but it calls (uses) the compiler.
The CMakeLists.txt file should be in the parent directory of release. The last argument of the CMake call indicates the path where the CMakeLists.txt file is located.
Right, make generates the file in the build directory. In your example from 3. release is the build directory. You can find all the generated files and use them. Installing is optional, especially if you want to develop the software, you are not installing it.
Try writing Makefiles for a large project and you will see how much work it is. But yes, everything in 5 is right.
I'm trying to build libmcrypt library to use it with my project. It happened so, that they do not provide any kind of assistance.
First I've faced a problem with -no-undefined flag for gcc which is not further supported. I've replaced -no-undefined with -Wl,-no-undefined in makefiles and it does the trick.
But anyway I'am having problems. Lib is builded in .a files. I can see them in my C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\local\lib folder (it is analogue for /usr/local/lib folder in MinGW). But I need .dll library, not static .a .
So: what else must I change in makefiles to make MinGW build dll with header and debug info for it?
This shoud be a simple problem for users more advanced than I am. :-)
How do I use the boost library with cygwin on windows?
I am programing with g++ using cygwin on a winxp machine.
I need modified Bessel functions of the second order, so I downloaded the latest version of the boost library and installed it in
'c:\cygwin\lib\boost_ 1_ 38_0\' folder.
I am trying to run the "example.cpp" program from the "getting started" section of their website:
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_35_0/more/getting_started/unix-variants.html
I am compiling from the directory where I created the example file using a simple Bash shell command line: 'g++ -Wall example.cpp'
I keep getting the message:
"boost/lambda/lambda.hpp: no such file or directory"
I tried every possible combination of -L, -l, -I options in the command line to include the directory, to no avail. Also tried to add the folder in the PATH line of my windows system.
How do I link to the /boost directory and ALSO to all subdirectories? The header file 'lambda.hpp' is calling other header files in subdirectories.
You're probably not that familiar with C++ yet? It seems you are confusing terms.
C++ programs are built in two steps: compiling and linking. In the first step, each source file (typically called .cpp) is handled individually. Each .cpp file usually uses multiple headers, so the compiler first inserts those - literally. That's why it's called #include.
In the second step, the linker takes all the compiled .cpp files together and builds your final program. Some of those compiled .cpp's might have been bundled together before, in which the bundle is called a library.
Boost is a collection of headers and .cpp files. So, both compiler and linker might need to find the Boost directories. From your error message, it's clear that the compiler step is the problem. The linker does not need headers anymore.
The compiler will see the #include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp> instuction. That means it needs to know where that first-level boost directory is found. I would guess at this point that the path would be /lib/boost_ 1_ 38_0/include (there's always the find / -name lambda.hpp shotgun appraoch)
If you are not utterly wedded to cygwin, you should take a look at http://nuwen.net/mingw.html which gives you a complete MinGW C++ installation with all the libraries (such as Boost) set up for you.
Edit: I should make it clear you can use this MinGW installation in addition to Cygwin, not as a replacement. Just make sure the MinGW bin directory appears in your PATH before the Cygwin one.
I think you need -I /lib/boost_1_38_0 - although that's a pretty unusual place to put it. You'll have to let us know how you installed it, did you just unzip it in the location you said, or did you run the makefiles? I assume that since you gave a windows path you didn't install it within cygwin - which you probably should do. The instructions in the getting started guide for unix should help - although don't download a prebuilt bjam - it needs to be built with cygwin.
But if you're not very familiar with cygwin (or unix in general) I think you might find it easier to use a native windows tool - as in Neil Butterworth's answer.
Thank you all for the information, it's a nice introduction to the use of libraries with cygwin.
Daniel was right. While any variation gives an error, the following line (using caps i) does the trick:
g++ -Wall -I /cygdrive/c/cygwin/lib/boost_1_38_0/ example.cpp -o example
I will also check MinGW in the next few days.
p.s. I simply downloaded and unzipped boost in that folder, but since I am only using header files I probably won't need to compile with cygwin. [The boost version included with cygwin was 1.33, which does not seem to have Bessel functions.]
This is on win7 cygwin64 g++ 5.4, and boost-1.64.7z on 2017-7. Google doesn't show any useful result for getting started for boost on windows (is boost out of fashion?).
By experimenting, I managed to compile and run a boost graph sample program as follows:
:: g++ 5.4 in c:\cygwin64
:: 7z extract boost download in c:\tools\boost\boost164
> set BOOST_ROOT=c:\tools\boost\boost164
> setx BOOST_ROOT c:\tools\boost\boost164 -m
> cd %BOOST_ROOT%
> bootstrap.sh gcc (the bat files doesn't work)
> b2.exe
...failed updating 58 targets...
...skipped 18 targets...
...updated 1123 targets...
:: Lots of example here (not ranked highly by google)
> mklink /D eg %BOOST_ROOT%/libs/graph/example
:: Compiled and run [maxflow code using boost library][1]
:: http://vision.csd.uwo.ca/code
> unzip ; vi Makefile
CPPFLAGS = -I %BOOST_ROOT%/
LDFLAGS = -L%BOOST_ROOT%/stage/lib
> make
> set PATH=%PATH%;%BOOST_ROOT%/stage/lib
> maxflow.exe
Flow = 6