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I am trying to unmarshal json data. The slice inside is deliberately without quotes, because this is what I am getting from https (added manually \ before ")
data:="{\"queryEndTime\" : \"2017-11-15T14:39:00Z\", \"message\" : [{\"spamScore\":67,\"phishScore\":0}]}"
into Message struct:
type Message struct {
QueryEndTime string `json:"queryEndTime"`
Message []string `json:"message"`
}
but I am getting correct QueryEndTime and empty Message. I tried to change Message type but it always stays empty
var message Message
json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &message)
fmt.Printf("QueryEndTime: %s\nMessage: %s\n", message.QueryEndTime, message.Message)
QueryEndTime: 2017-11-15T14:39:00Z
Message: []
See it in go playground https://play.golang.org/p/on0_cSKb0c.
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
type Message struct {
QueryEndTime string `json:"queryEndTime"`
// you need to use a struct can use anon struct
Message []struct {
SpamScore int `json:"spamScore"`
PhishScore int `json:"phishScore"`
} `json:"message"`
}
func main() {
var message Message
// You can use backticks to for your example JSON, so that you don't have to escape anything.
data := `{
"queryEndTime" : "2017-11-15T14:39:00Z",
"message" : [
{"spamScore":67, "phishScore":0}
]
}`
// please check for errors
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &message)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
// +v prints structs very nicely
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", message)
}
https://play.golang.org/p/Mu3WZCej3L
Have fun!
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I am unable to parse json that has string keys and array as value ending up with json: Unmarshal(non-pointer map[string]interface {}) error.
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var s map[string]interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte("{\"a\":[1,2,3]}"), s)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println("Nice parse!")
}
https://go.dev/play/p/AXlF8I-f9-p
Unmarshal parses the JSON-encoded data and stores the result in the value pointed to by v. If v is nil or not a pointer, Unmarshal returns an InvalidUnmarshalError. Add &s as a parameter
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte("{\"a\":[1,2,3]}"), &s)
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In my GoLang program which invokes a REST API, i need to collect the responses from different REST API's which return slices of pointers of the same struct.
I am attempting to concatenate the slices of pointers using append and i am getting error similar to what is shown below.
I think append does not support such an operation , is there any alternative to this ?
cannot use response (type []*string) as type *string in append
A go playground link for the problem ,i am trying to demonstrate is given here.
https://play.golang.org/p/lnzSd2kbht0
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
var fruits []*string
response := GetStrings("Apple")
fruits = append(fruits, response...)
response = GetStrings("Banana")
fruits = append(fruits, response...)
response = GetStrings("Orange")
fruits = append(fruits, response...)
if fruits == nil || len(fruits) == 0 {
fmt.Printf("Nil Slice")
} else {
fmt.Printf("Non nil")
fmt.Printf("%v", fruits)
}
}
func GetStrings(input string) []*string {
var myslice []*string
myslice = append(myslice, &input)
return myslice
}
I cannot change the REST API or the function signature to return the slice of structs itself.
To append all elements of a slice to another slice, use:
resultSlice=append(slice1, slice2...)
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coders. I'm completely newbie to Go and got a little bit confused about json.Unmarshal output:
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
s := `[{"First":"James","Last":"Bond","Age":32,"Sayings":["Shaken, not stirred","Youth is no guarantee of innovation","In his majesty's royal service"]},{"First":"Miss","Last":"Moneypenny","Age":27,"Sayings":["James, it is soo good to see you","Would you like me to take care of that for you, James?","I would really prefer to be a secret agent myself."]},{"First":"M","Last":"Hmmmm","Age":54,"Sayings":["Oh, James. You didn't.","Dear God, what has James done now?","Can someone please tell me where James Bond is?"]}]`
var res []struct{}
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &res)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Println(res)
}
Output:
[{} {} {}]
Why is it empty?
You can try it here: https://play.golang.org/p/yztOLJADIXx
If you want to unmarshal JSON objects without knowing their fields, use a map[string]interface{}:
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
s := `[{"First":"James","Last":"Bond","Age":32,"Sayings":["Shaken, not stirred","Youth is no guarantee of innovation","In his majesty's royal service"]},{"First":"Miss","Last":"Moneypenny","Age":27,"Sayings":["James, it is soo good to see you","Would you like me to take care of that for you, James?","I would really prefer to be a secret agent myself."]},{"First":"M","Last":"Hmmmm","Age":54,"Sayings":["Oh, James. You didn't.","Dear God, what has James done now?","Can someone please tell me where James Bond is?"]}]`
var res []map[string]interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &res)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Println(res)
}
Try it here: https://play.golang.org/p/iPlBgguE8Kk
However, if you know the names of the fields you're going to unmarshal, you should define the structure. In your case it would look like that:
type Person struct {
First string `json:"First"`
Last string `json:"Last"`
Age int `json:"Age"`
Sayings []string `json:"Sayings"`
}
Try this solution here: https://play.golang.org/p/jCrCteYTaIf
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An error in Go can be nil. The following compiles:
var err error
err = nil
err = errors.New("hello")
Yet errors are values, and value types are not nullable in Go.
Looking at error, it is an ordinary interface:
type error interface {
Error() string
}
implemented by this struct:
type errorString struct {
s string
}
No pointers here. There is a method that takes a pointer receiver,
func (e *errorString) Error() string {
return e.s
}
Yet that doesn't explain why error behaves as a pointer rather than a value.
errors.New() does return a pointer,
func New(text string) error {
return &errorString{text}
}
which makes my third code line above more puzzling -- we are assigning the result of New to a value variable.
How does this work?
I think you may be conflating some concepts. Yes, "errors are values", in that they are not exceptions that can be thrown, but rather they are just regular values returned from a function like any other return value. The Go quality "errors are values" has nothing to do with value vs reference semantics.
The built-in type error is an interface, and all interface values are nilable, so error is nilable.
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I have a struct in my generated proto file that looks like this (simplified):
type Record struct {
Field1 int64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=field1,proto3" json:"field1,omitempty"`
Field2 []byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=field2,proto3" json:"field2,omitempty"`
}
and I'm trying to call it in my Go file
func foo(c messagepb.MessageServiceClient){
fmt.Println("Starting to send message...")
msgs := []*messagepb.MessageRequest{
recordpb.Record{ //error msg here
Field1: 1,
Field2: []byte{byte('a')},
}
}
...
}
but I get this error at the recordpb.Record line:
cannot use recordpb.Record literal (type recordpb.Record) as type *messagepb.MessageRequest in array or slice literal
If it helps, here's my messagepb:
message.proto
message MessageRequest { recordpb.Record records = 1; }
message.pb.go
type MessageRequest struct {
Record *recordpb.Record `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=record,proto3" json:"record,omitempty"`
}
I can't find anything useful about why this is happening... Any ideas?
Looks like you are creating a slice of []*messagepb.MessageRequest and then adding a recordpb.Record to it. recordpb.Record is not the same type as *messagepb.MessageRequest.
Given this type
type MessageRequest struct {
Record *recordpb.Record `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=record,proto3" json:"record,omitempty"`
}
It looks like your msgs var should be
msgs := []*messagepb.MessageRequest{
{
Record: &recordpb.Record{
Field1: 1,
Field2: []byte{byte('a')},
},
},
}
#mkopriva 's comments above add some nice explanation to this.