Ruby each block, does not return value - ruby

This following Code doesn't work, the Problem is inside of the calc_fitness method, the each block does not return an value, and i dont know why
# takes an array, splices them into groups of 2 and returns a sum of values read from the matrix
def calc_fitness(hypothesis_arr)
hypothesis_arr.each_slice(2).to_a.map{|v| $distances[v.first,v.last]}
end
def main
# filling the matrix, with random values
$distances = create_sym_matrix
p calc_fitness((0..99).to_a)
end
main
# => [67,67,67,67....67,] #these should not be the same, which means i the block alway returns the same value. Why?

This happens because each returns itself (an instance of Enumerator) and each_slice return nil.
https://ruby-doc.org/core/Enumerable.html#method-i-each_slice
You could try changing the each to a map
To simplify and get a visual of what was generated, I used:
(1..99).to_a.each_slice(2).map { |v| { first: v.first, last: v.last } }
=> [{:first=>1, :last=>2}, {:first=>3, :last=>4}, {:first=>5, :last=>6}, {:first=>7, :last=>8}, {:first=>9, :last=>10}, {:first=>11, :last=>12}, {:first=>13, :last=>14}, {:first=>15, :last=>16}, {:first=>17, :last=>18}, {:first=>19, :last=>20}, {:first=>21, :last=>22}, {:first=>23, :last=>24}, {:first=>25, :last=>26}, {:first=>27, :last=>28}, {:first=>29, :last=>30}, {:first=>31, :last=>32}, {:first=>33, :last=>34}, {:first=>35, :last=>36}, {:first=>37, :last=>38}, {:first=>39, :last=>40}, {:first=>41, :last=>42}, {:first=>43, :last=>44}, {:first=>45, :last=>46}, {:first=>47, :last=>48}, {:first=>49, :last=>50}, {:first=>51, :last=>52}, {:first=>53, :last=>54}, {:first=>55, :last=>56}, {:first=>57, :last=>58}, {:first=>59, :last=>60}, {:first=>61, :last=>62}, {:first=>63, :last=>64}, {:first=>65, :last=>66}, {:first=>67, :last=>68}, {:first=>69, :last=>70}, {:first=>71, :last=>72}, {:first=>73, :last=>74}, {:first=>75, :last=>76}, {:first=>77, :last=>78}, {:first=>79, :last=>80}, {:first=>81, :last=>82}, {:first=>83, :last=>84}, {:first=>85, :last=>86}, {:first=>87, :last=>88}, {:first=>89, :last=>90}, {:first=>91, :last=>92}, {:first=>93, :last=>94}, {:first=>95, :last=>96}, {:first=>97, :last=>98}, {:first=>99, :last=>99}]
Now at this point I'm not sure what that function is doing that is assigned to $distances. You might want to provide the code for that or give some more detail on what your are attempting to accomplish.

Related

With ruamel.yaml how can I conditionally convert flow maps to block maps based on line length?

I'm working on a ruamel.yaml (v0.17.4) based YAML reformatter (using the RoundTrip variant to preserve comments).
I want to allow a mix of block- and flow-style maps, but in some cases, I want to convert a flow-style map to use block-style.
In particular, if the flow-style map would be longer than the max line length^, I want to convert that to a block-style map instead of wrapping the line somewhere in the middle of the flow-style map.
^ By "max line length" I mean the best_width that I configure by setting something like yaml.width = 120 where yaml is a ruamel.yaml.YAML instance.
What should I extend to achieve this? The emitter is where the line-length gets calculated so wrapping can occur, but I suspect that is too late to convert between block- and flow-style. I'm also concerned about losing comments when I switch the styles. Here are some possible extension points, can you give me a pointer on where I'm most likely to have success with this?
Emitter.expect_flow_mapping() probably too late for converting flow->block
Serializer.serialize_node() probably too late as it consults node.flow_style
RoundTripRepresenter.represent_mapping() maybe? but this has no idea about line length
I could also walk the data before calling yaml.dump(), but this has no idea about line length.
So, where should I and where can I adjust the flow_style whether a flow-style map would trigger line wrapping?
What I think the most accurate approach is when you encounter a flow-style mapping in the dumping process is to first try to emit it to a buffer and then get the length of the buffer and if that combined with the column that you are in, actually emit block-style.
Any attempt to guesstimate the length of the output without actually trying to write that part of a tree is going to be hard, if not impossible to do without doing the actual emit. Among other things the dumping process actually dumps scalars and reads them back to make sure no quoting needs to be forced (e.g. when you dump a string that reads back like a date). It also handles single key-value pairs in a list in a special way ( [1, a: 42, 3] instead of the more verbose [1, {a: 42}, 3]. So a simple calculation of the length of the scalars that are the keys and values and separating comma, colon and spaces is not going to be precise.
A different approach is to dump your data with a large line width and parse the output and make a set of line numbers for which the line is too long according to the width that you actually want to use. After loading that output back you can walk over the data structure recursively, inspect the .lc attribute to determine the line number on which a flow style mapping (or sequence) started and if that line number is in the set you built beforehand change the mapping to block style. If you have nested flow-style collections, you might have to repeat this process.
If you run the following, the initial dumped value for quote will be on one line.
The change_to_block method as presented changes all mappings/sequences that are too long
that are on one line.
import sys
import ruamel.yaml
yaml_str = """\
movie: bladerunner
quote: {[Batty, Roy]: [
I have seen things you people wouldn't believe.,
Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion.,
I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate.,
]}
"""
class Blockify:
def __init__(self, width, only_first=False, verbose=0):
self._width = width
self._yaml = None
self._only_first = only_first
self._verbose = verbose
#property
def yaml(self):
if self._yaml is None:
self._yaml = y = ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ=['rt', 'string'])
y.preserve_quotes = True
y.width = 2**16
return self._yaml
def __call__(self, d):
pass_nr = 0
changed = [True]
while changed[0]:
changed[0] = False
try:
s = self.yaml.dumps(d)
except AttributeError:
print("use 'pip install ruamel.yaml.string' to install plugin that gives 'dumps' to string")
sys.exit(1)
if self._verbose > 1:
print(s)
too_long = set()
max_ll = -1
for line_nr, line in enumerate(s.splitlines()):
if len(line) > self._width:
too_long.add(line_nr)
if len(line) > max_ll:
max_ll = len(line)
if self._verbose > 0:
print(f'pass: {pass_nr}, lines: {sorted(too_long)}, longest: {max_ll}')
sys.stdout.flush()
new_d = self.yaml.load(s)
self.change_to_block(new_d, too_long, changed, only_first=self._only_first)
d = new_d
pass_nr += 1
return d, s
#staticmethod
def change_to_block(d, too_long, changed, only_first):
if isinstance(d, dict):
if d.fa.flow_style() and d.lc.line in too_long:
d.fa.set_block_style()
changed[0] = True
return # don't convert nested flow styles, might not be necessary
# don't change keys if any value is changed
for v in d.values():
Blockify.change_to_block(v, too_long, changed, only_first)
if only_first and changed[0]:
return
if changed[0]: # don't change keys if value has changed
return
for k in d:
Blockify.change_to_block(k, too_long, changed, only_first)
if only_first and changed[0]:
return
if isinstance(d, (list, tuple)):
if d.fa.flow_style() and d.lc.line in too_long:
d.fa.set_block_style()
changed[0] = True
return # don't convert nested flow styles, might not be necessary
for elem in d:
Blockify.change_to_block(elem, too_long, changed, only_first)
if only_first and changed[0]:
return
blockify = Blockify(96, verbose=2) # set verbose to 0, to suppress progress output
yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ=['rt', 'string'])
data = yaml.load(yaml_str)
blockified_data, string_output = blockify(data)
print('-'*32, 'result:', '-'*32)
print(string_output) # string_output has no final newline
which gives:
movie: bladerunner
quote: {[Batty, Roy]: [I have seen things you people wouldn't believe., Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion., I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate.]}
pass: 0, lines: [1], longest: 186
movie: bladerunner
quote:
[Batty, Roy]: [I have seen things you people wouldn't believe., Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion., I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate.]
pass: 1, lines: [2], longest: 179
movie: bladerunner
quote:
[Batty, Roy]:
- I have seen things you people wouldn't believe.
- Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion.
- I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate.
pass: 2, lines: [], longest: 67
-------------------------------- result: --------------------------------
movie: bladerunner
quote:
[Batty, Roy]:
- I have seen things you people wouldn't believe.
- Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion.
- I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate.
Please note that when using ruamel.yaml<0.18 the sequence [Batty, Roy] never will be in block style
because the tuple subclass CommentedKeySeq does never get a line number attached.

Get value from xml and calculate

I am getting the amounts from an xml file but I need to sum them to check.
I am using Ruby on rails with the Nokogiri gem
Example from xml file:
<cfdi:Conceptos>
<cfdi:Concepto ClaveProdServ="15101514" NoIdentificacion="PL/762/EXP/ES/2015-16665610" Cantidad="52.967" ClaveUnidad="LTR" Descripcion="MAGNA (LT)" ValorUnitario="16.34" Importe="865.74">
<cfdi:Impuestos>
<cfdi:Traslados>
<cfdi:Traslado Base="842.59" Impuesto="002" TipoFactor="Tasa" TasaOCuota="0.160000" Importe="134.81"/>
</cfdi:Traslados>
</cfdi:Impuestos>
</cfdi:Concepto>
<cfdi:Concepto ClaveProdServ="15101514" NoIdentificacion="PL/767/EXP/ES/2015-8515840" Cantidad="35.045" ClaveUnidad="LTR" Descripcion="MAGNA (LT)" ValorUnitario="16.34" Importe="572.80">
<cfdi:Impuestos>
<cfdi:Traslados>
<cfdi:Traslado Base="557.49" Impuesto="002" TipoFactor="Tasa" TasaOCuota="0.160000" Importe="89.20"/>
</cfdi:Traslados>
</cfdi:Impuestos>
</cfdi:Concepto>
<cfdi:Concepto ClaveProdServ="15101514" NoIdentificacion="PL/762/EXP/ES/2015-16665910" Cantidad="21.992" ClaveUnidad="LTR" Descripcion="MAGNA (LT)" ValorUnitario="16.34" Importe="359.45">
<cfdi:Impuestos>
<cfdi:Traslados>
<cfdi:Traslado Base="349.84" Impuesto="002" TipoFactor="Tasa" TasaOCuota="0.160000" Importe="55.97"/>
</cfdi:Traslados>
</cfdi:Impuestos>
</cfdi:Concepto>
<cfdi:Concepto ClaveProdServ="15101514" NoIdentificacion="PL/762/EXP/ES/2015-16665560" Cantidad="25.002" ClaveUnidad="LTR" Descripcion="MAGNA (LT)" ValorUnitario="16.34" Importe="408.62">
<cfdi:Impuestos>
<cfdi:Traslados>
<cfdi:Traslado Base="397.69" Impuesto="002" TipoFactor="Tasa" TasaOCuota="0.160000" Importe="63.63"/>
</cfdi:Traslados>
</cfdi:Impuestos>
</cfdi:Concepto>
I managed to obtain all the amounts and taxes with these line of code:
array = []
array_i = []
file = Nokogiri::XML(File.open(params[:consumption][:factura]))
doc_pass = file.xpath("//cfdi:Comprobante/cfdi:Conceptos/cfdi:Concepto")
doc_pass.each do |pass|
hash_importe = {}
hash_importe[:total] = pass['Importe']
array << hash_importe
end
doc_pass2 = file.xpath("//cfdi:Comprobante/cfdi:Conceptos/cfdi:Concepto/cfdi:Impuestos/cfdi:Traslados/cfdi:Traslado")
doc_pass2.each do |pass2|
hash_impuesto = {}
hash_impuesto[:tax] = pass2['Importe']
array_i << hash_impuesto
end
these are the results I get from the xml file:
(byebug) array
[{:importe=>"865.74"}, {:importe=>"572.80"}, {:importe=>"359.45"}, {:importe=>"408.62"}, {:importe=>"324.48"}, {:importe=>"649.64"}, {:importe=>"823.45"}, {:importe=>"545.15"}, {:importe=>"428.02"}, {:importe=>"527.21"}, {:importe=>"487.67"}, {:importe=>"331.72"}, {:importe=>"511.64"}, {:importe=>"406.67"}, {:importe=>"820.81"}, {:importe=>"1635.54"}, {:importe=>"484.14"}, {:importe=>"564.83"}, {:importe=>"1463.30"}]
(byebug) array_i
[{:importe=>"134.81"}, {:importe=>"89.20"}, {:importe=>"55.97"}, {:importe=>"63.63"}, {:importe=>"50.52"}, {:importe=>"101.18"}, {:importe=>"128.21"}, {:importe=>"84.88"}, {:importe=>"66.73"}, {:importe=>"82.10"}, {:importe=>"75.90"}, {:importe=>"51.58"}, {:importe=>"79.67"}, {:importe=>"63.33"}, {:importe=>"127.80"}, {:importe=>"254.69"}, {:importe=>"75.36"}, {:importe=>"87.92"}, {:importe=>"227.84"}]
now what I want is to sum both values(importe + impuesto) ​​for example:
865.74 + 134.81
572.80 + 89.20
359.45 + 55.97
I am new with rails, I would appreciate your help
You can return an array with results if both arrays have the same size(I think yes), like this:
(0..array.size - 1).each_with_object([]) { |i, obj| obj << array[i][:importe].to_f + array_i[i][:importe].to_f }
result:
[1000.55, 662.0, 415.41999999999996, 472.25, 375.0, 750.8199999999999, 951.6600000000001, 630.03, 494.75, 609.3100000000001, 563.57, 383.3, 591.31, 470.0, 948.6099999999999, 1890.23, 559.5, 652.75, 1691.1399999999999]
Use zip method to combine values at corresponding index of two arrays
result = array.zip(array_i)
.map { |importe, impuesto| importe[:importe].to_f + impuesto[:importe].to_f }
Or can be simplified more for your concrete data structure
result = array.zip(array_i).map { |hashes| hashes.sum {|h| h[:importe].to_f }}
Better approach would be if you extract Concepto object with Impuesto and Importe values directly from xml, then you don't need to combine different arrays, but use nicely structured object.

Improving an algorithm for substring search when reading ZIP files

So I have a ZIP reader library, and I read ZIP files by first figuring out where the EOCD record is (the standard way "from the tail"). I have to look for a pattern that is roughly this:
4byte_magic_number, fixed_n_bytes, 2_bytes_of_comment_size, comment
The bytesize of comment is provided in the 2_bytes_of_comment_size. Just scanning for the magic number is insufficient, because I eager-read a substantial portion at the tail of the file - basically the maximum size the ZIP EOCD record can be, and then look for this pattern in there.
So far, I came up with this
def locate_eocd_signature(in_str)
# We have to scan from the _very_ tail. We read the very minimum size
# the EOCD record can have (up to and including the comment size), using
# a sliding window. Once our end offset matches the comment size we found our
# EOCD marker.
eocd_signature_int = 0x06054b50
unpack_pattern = 'VvvvvVVv'
minimum_record_size = 22
end_location = minimum_record_size * -1
loop do
# If the window is nil, we have rolled off the start of the string, nothing to do here.
# We use negative values because if we used positive slice indices
# we would have to detect the rollover ourselves
break unless window = in_str[end_location, minimum_record_size]
window_location = in_str.bytesize + end_location
unpacked = window.unpack(unpack_pattern)
# If we found the signature, pick up the comment size, and check if the size of the window
# plus that comment size is where we are in the string. If we are - bingo.
if unpacked[0] == 0x06054b50 && comment_size = unpacked[-1]
assumed_eocd_location = in_str.bytesize - comment_size - minimum_record_size
# if the comment size is where we should be at - we found our EOCD
return assumed_eocd_location if assumed_eocd_location == window_location
end
end_location -= 1 # Shift the window back, by one byte, and try again.
end
end
but it just screams ugly at me. Is there a better way to do something like this? Is there a pack specifier that says "all the bytes in binary until the the end of the string" that I do not know of? Then I could tack that onto the end of the pack specifier for example... A bit at loss here.
In the end I opted for the following optimization. First, I made a method for finding all the indices of a given substring in a string - there is no stdlib builtin for this.
def all_indices_of_substr_in_str(of_substring, in_string)
last_i = 0
found_at_indices = []
while last_i = in_string.index(of_substring, last_i)
found_at_indices << last_i
last_i += of_substring.bytesize
end
found_at_indices
end
Then, we use it to "latch" onto the offsets in our buffer where our signature was found.
def locate_eocd_signature(in_str)
eocd_signature = 0x06054b50
eocd_signature_str = [eocd_signature].pack('V')
unpack_pattern = 'VvvvvVVv'
minimum_record_size = 22
str_size = in_str.bytesize
indices = all_indices_of_substr_in_str(eocd_signature_str, in_str)
indices.each do |check_at|
maybe_record = in_str[check_at..str_size]
# If the record is smaller than the minimum - we will never recover anything
break if maybe_record.bytesize < minimum_record_size
# Now we check if the record ends with the combination
# of the comment size and an arbitrary byte string of that size.
# If it does - we found our match
*_unused, comment_size = maybe_record.unpack(unpack_pattern)
if (maybe_record.bytesize - minimum_record_size) == comment_size
return check_at # Found the EOCD marker location
end
end
# If we haven't caught anything, return nil deliberately instead of returning the last statement
nil
end

nil can't be coerced into Bignum

I'm trying to do Euler project 13:
Work out the first ten digits of the sum of the following one-hundred 50-digit numbers.
list = [37107287533902102798797998220837590246510135740250,
46376937677490009712648124896970078050417018260538,
74324986199524741059474233309513058123726617309629,
91942213363574161572522430563301811072406154908250,
23067588207539346171171980310421047513778063246676,
89261670696623633820136378418383684178734361726757,
28112879812849979408065481931592621691275889832738,
44274228917432520321923589422876796487670272189318,
47451445736001306439091167216856844588711603153276,
70386486105843025439939619828917593665686757934951,
62176457141856560629502157223196586755079324193331,
64906352462741904929101432445813822663347944758178,
92575867718337217661963751590579239728245598838407,
58203565325359399008402633568948830189458628227828,
80181199384826282014278194139940567587151170094390,
35398664372827112653829987240784473053190104293586,
86515506006295864861532075273371959191420517255829,
71693888707715466499115593487603532921714970056938,
54370070576826684624621495650076471787294438377604,
53282654108756828443191190634694037855217779295145,
36123272525000296071075082563815656710885258350721,
45876576172410976447339110607218265236877223636045,
17423706905851860660448207621209813287860733969412,
81142660418086830619328460811191061556940512689692,
51934325451728388641918047049293215058642563049483,
62467221648435076201727918039944693004732956340691,
15732444386908125794514089057706229429197107928209,
55037687525678773091862540744969844508330393682126,
18336384825330154686196124348767681297534375946515,
80386287592878490201521685554828717201219257766954,
78182833757993103614740356856449095527097864797581,
16726320100436897842553539920931837441497806860984,
48403098129077791799088218795327364475675590848030,
87086987551392711854517078544161852424320693150332,
59959406895756536782107074926966537676326235447210,
69793950679652694742597709739166693763042633987085,
41052684708299085211399427365734116182760315001271,
65378607361501080857009149939512557028198746004375,
35829035317434717326932123578154982629742552737307,
94953759765105305946966067683156574377167401875275,
88902802571733229619176668713819931811048770190271,
25267680276078003013678680992525463401061632866526,
36270218540497705585629946580636237993140746255962,
24074486908231174977792365466257246923322810917141,
91430288197103288597806669760892938638285025333403,
34413065578016127815921815005561868836468420090470,
23053081172816430487623791969842487255036638784583,
11487696932154902810424020138335124462181441773470,
63783299490636259666498587618221225225512486764533,
67720186971698544312419572409913959008952310058822,
95548255300263520781532296796249481641953868218774,
76085327132285723110424803456124867697064507995236,
37774242535411291684276865538926205024910326572967,
23701913275725675285653248258265463092207058596522,
29798860272258331913126375147341994889534765745501,
18495701454879288984856827726077713721403798879715,
38298203783031473527721580348144513491373226651381,
34829543829199918180278916522431027392251122869539,
40957953066405232632538044100059654939159879593635,
29746152185502371307642255121183693803580388584903,
41698116222072977186158236678424689157993532961922,
62467957194401269043877107275048102390895523597457,
23189706772547915061505504953922979530901129967519,
86188088225875314529584099251203829009407770775672,
11306739708304724483816533873502340845647058077308,
82959174767140363198008187129011875491310547126581,
97623331044818386269515456334926366572897563400500,
42846280183517070527831839425882145521227251250327,
55121603546981200581762165212827652751691296897789,
32238195734329339946437501907836945765883352399886,
75506164965184775180738168837861091527357929701337,
62177842752192623401942399639168044983993173312731,
32924185707147349566916674687634660915035914677504,
99518671430235219628894890102423325116913619626622,
73267460800591547471830798392868535206946944540724,
76841822524674417161514036427982273348055556214818,
97142617910342598647204516893989422179826088076852,
87783646182799346313767754307809363333018982642090,
10848802521674670883215120185883543223812876952786,
71329612474782464538636993009049310363619763878039,
62184073572399794223406235393808339651327408011116,
66627891981488087797941876876144230030984490851411,
60661826293682836764744779239180335110989069790714,
85786944089552990653640447425576083659976645795096,
66024396409905389607120198219976047599490197230297,
64913982680032973156037120041377903785566085089252,
16730939319872750275468906903707539413042652315011,
94809377245048795150954100921645863754710598436791,
78639167021187492431995700641917969777599028300699,
15368713711936614952811305876380278410754449733078,
40789923115535562561142322423255033685442488917353,
44889911501440648020369068063960672322193204149535,
41503128880339536053299340368006977710650566631954,
81234880673210146739058568557934581403627822703280,
82616570773948327592232845941706525094512325230608,
22918802058777319719839450180888072429661980811197,
77158542502016545090413245809786882778948721859617,
72107838435069186155435662884062257473692284509516,
20849603980134001723930671666823555245252804609722,
53503534226472524250874054075591789781264330331690]
Here is my code:
def countNumbers(list)
value = 0
(0..list.count).each { |y| value += list[y] }
return value
end
puts "#{countNumbers(list)}"
I get: *nil can't be coerced into Bignum* error when I run the code.
The issue is with the range in countNumbers method.
0..list.count returns 0 to 100 with 100 included but list[100] is nil.
Change it to 0...list.count with return 0 to 99.
See the documentation to better understand using .. and ...

get random password with puppet function

I have a function that allow me to generate random password. My function is working well without a puppetmaster. When I tried with a master an error appear when I called the function :
Error 400 on SERVER: bad value for range
Here is my function:
module Puppet::Parser::Functions
newfunction(:get_random_password, :type => :rvalue, :doc => <<-EOS
Returns a random password.
EOS
) do |args|
raise(Puppet::ParseError, "get_random_password(): Wrong number of arguments " +
"given (#{args.size} for 1)") if args.size != 1
specials = ((33..33).to_a + (35..38).to_a + (40..47).to_a + (58..64).to_a + (91..93).to_a + (95..96).to_a + (123..125).to_a).pack('U*').chars.to_a
numbers = (0..9).to_a
alphal = ('a'..'z').to_a
alphau = ('A'..'Z').to_a
length = args[0]
CHARS = (alphal + specials + numbers + alphau)
pwd = CHARS.sort_by { rand }.join[0...length]
return pwd
end
end
The function is called in both case with $pwd = get_random_password(10).
When I specified the length directly in the function to 10 for example. The password is well generated in master mode.
Have you any idea why I can't specify the length value?
It's unclear why this works for puppet apply (if that's what you're insinuating), but the error is most likely a typing issue.
Try
length = args[0].to_i
To my Knowledge,For situations like this I use the puppet generate() function to create the random password and store it in a persistent data store on the master.
For instance,an SQLITE database or something. This way, the password is generated randomly if it does not exist and the same password is used if it does already exist.
It's important to have the resource always be managed, that way if the password is changed on the managed node Puppet will realize this, change it to the value you're managing, and report that it did so.

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