I am trying to generate DIVIDE_BY_ZERO exception in my oracle PL/SQL program. I using function but when I run my program I am getting error which is shown below. Can anyone tell me what is wrong in my program ?
code:
CREATE OR REPLACE
PACKAGE CALCULATOR AS
FUNCTION AddNumber(addend IN Number, Addend2 IN Number) RETURN NUMBER;
FUNCTION DivNumber(divend IN Number, divend2 IN Number) RETURN NUMBER;
END CALCULATOR;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE
PACKAGE BODY CALCULATOR AS
FUNCTION AddNumber(addend IN Number, Addend2 IN Number) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
return addend + addend2;
END AddNumber;
FUNCTION DivNumber(divend IN Number, divend2 IN Number) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
return divend / divend2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
NULL;
END DivNumber;
END CALCULATOR;
/
select calculator.AddNumber(3,4) from dual;
select calculator.DivNumber(12,0) from dual;
output:
you can deal with exceptions like this
FUNCTION DivNumber(divend IN Number, divend2 IN Number) RETURN NUMBER AS
e_ZERO_DIVIDE EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
-- the condition
IF divend2 = 0 THEN
Raise e_ZERO_DIVIDE;
END IF;
return divend / divend2;
--Exception handling
EXCEPTION
WHEN e_ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Division by 0 or null');
RETURN 1; -- or 0 or null
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('ERROR: '||sqlerrm);
RETURN 1; -- or 0 or null
END DivNumber;
IMO you should never write code which throws an avoidable exception. There may be times when you can't avoid raising an exception but in this case you can. I suggest that you rewrite your function as follows:
FUNCTION DivNumber(numerator IN Number, denominator IN Number) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
IF NVL(denominator, 0) <> 0 THEN
return numerator / denominator;
ELSE
RETURN NULL;
END IF;
END DivNumber;
Best of luck.
Related
How to return two types in pl/sql oracle?
return number -- here I tell than function reurns number, but i want to return number and string when an exception is thrown
is
prPrice number; -- product price
curFrom number; -- price
pgcount number := 0; -- product count
noProductsOnDate EXCEPTION;
wrongCurrency EXCEPTION;
begin
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO pgcount
from Products pr, Outgoing outg, Incoming inc
where pr.PROD_ID = outg.PROD_ID and pr.PROD_ID = inc.PROD_ID and inc.inc_date > d
Having sum(inc.quantity) > sum(outg.quantity);
if pgcount = 0 or pgcount is null then
raise noProductsOnDate;
END IF;
if curTo > 2 OR curTo < 1 then
raise wrongCurrency;
end if;
If curTo = 1
then curFrom := 2;
Elsif curTo = 2
then curFrom := 1;
END IF;
select pric.Value*cour.value into prPrice from Prices pric, Cources cour
where p = pric.prod_id and pric.DAYFROM <= d and (pric.DAYTO >= d or pric.DAYTO is null) and cour.cur_idto = curTo and cour.cur_idfrom = curFrom;
return prPrice; -- here i wanna return number
exception
when noProductsOnDate then return '1q'; -- here i wanna return string (error message)
when wrongCurrency then return '2q'; -- here i wanna return string (error message)
end;
I can't return string in exception, because function return number
Maybe I doing something wrong,
Please, tell me how can I return several data types from one function, maybe I should do everything differently, but I don't understand how to do it ((
You can't do it that way, but can another way around - declare function to return varchar2. Then, in your code, you can
create function ...
return varchar2
is
begin
... do whatever you're doing
return to_char(poPrice);
exception
when ... then return '1q';
end;
I write my functions often in this form:
return 0 in case of success
return a positive number in case of a warning (often not used)
return a negative number in case of an error
And I use out parameters for the function results, in your case the price and/or a message.
Something along the lines of:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_function(vi_date IN DATE,
vo_price OUT NUMBER,
vo_msg OUT VARCHAR) RETURN INTEGER IS
BEGIN
...
IF pgcount = 0 OR pgcount IS NULL THEN
vo_msg := 'No products on that date.';
RETURN -20001; -- return custom error code
END IF;
...
IF vo_price < 0 THEN
vo_msg := 'Price is negative. Calculation my be wrong.';
RETURN 1; -- return warning flag (positive number)
ELSE
RETURN 0; -- means success
END IF;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Error. Return negative number. SQLCODE is always the negative ORA code
-- except for ORA-1403 which is strangely SQLCODE 100 instead
vo_msg := SQLERRM;
RETURN CASE WHEN SQLCODE = 100 THEN -1403 ELSE SQLCODE END;
END my_function;
Then call it like this:
DECLARE
v_code INTEGER;
v_price NUMBER (10,2);
v_msg VARCHAR(1000);
BEGIN
v_code := my_function(DATE '2022-09-29', v_price, v_msg);
IF v_code >= 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The price is: ' || v_price);
END IF;
IF v_code <> 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Message: ' || v_msg);
END IF;
END;
My Oracle function below(code1) have no exception handling.
Therefore if it is called(code2) with 0, error shows.
--Code 1
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION TEST2
(P1 IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER AS V_VALUE NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT(
SELECT 1/TO_NUMBER(P1)
FROM DUAL
)
INTO V_VALUE
FROM DUAL;
RETURN V_VALUE;
END;
/
--Code2
SELECT TEST2('0') FROM DUAL;
Please, help to add exception handling for each 1) 2) case as below.
case 1) when defining function, how to modify code1
for function to return -1 if a system exception,
including dividing by zero happen?
case 2) Without adding exception in my Oracle funtion,
how to modify code2 for the reslut to be -1 if a system excetion, including dividing zero happens in the function?
I think you are making this more complicated than it needs to be. I did not compile this code below, but should provide as an example. Regarding exceptions, it is OK to handle divide-by-zero, but hiding all other exception types is very, very bad design. Also, if I pass in test2(-1), then the result will be a valid value of -1. Are you assured your input parameter is always positive. Regardless, here is a solution which checks for a 0 parameter, and avoids the division problem. A better solution is to define TEST1 P1 as a NUMBER to begin with, and let the caller format it as needed. If not, I could pass in something like TEST2('fsfd') and get an exception.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION TEST2(P1
IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER;
D_Result NUMBER : = -1;
BEGIN
IF P1 <> 0 THEN
D_result := 1/TO_NUMBER(P1);
END IF;
RETURN D_Result;
END
If you really want to throw a divide error, you can catch is like this:
DECLARE
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
result := test2(0);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
result := -1;
END;
#OldProgrammer shows how to prevent the exception from occurring, which is the best choice. However, if you want to allow the exception to occur and catch it in the function you could use:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION TEST2(P1 IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
V_VALUE NUMBER;
BEGIN
BEGIN
V_VALUE := 1 / TO_NUMBER(P1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
V_VALUE := -1;
END;
RETURN V_VALUE;
END TEST2;
or you could simplify this to
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION TEST2(P1 IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
RETURN 1 / TO_NUMBER(P1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -1;
END TEST2;
I have this function and I need to compare number with varchar.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getOdds(i_odd in varchar2, i_id in number) return number as
begin
declare odd integer;
declare i_perecentage=0;
begin
if i_odd ='SP'
then
return (0);
end if;
odd:=round(to_number((1-i_perecentage/100)*i_odd),2);
if odd<1
then
return(i_odd);
else
return(round(odd,2));
end if;
end;
end;
/
PS: I edited function and i resolve problem with comparing , now i have another situation that i dont like..
This function returns calculated percentage of i_odd. The problem is that if i pass 0 in i_percentage in results i get result with no decimal places(for example: i_odd = 3.10 and i_percentage = 0 i get odd = 3 but if I pass i_odd = 3.10 and i_percentage = 1 i get odd = 3.10 ).
Why is on i_percentage = 0 i dont get decimal places ??
If you want to validate a varchar2 field as a number in PL/SQL, typically you'd just try converting it to a number and catch the exception.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getOdds(i_odd in varchar2, i_id in number) return number as
odd number;
BEGIN
-- if i_odd = 'SP' (or another non-number), this will throw an ORA-01722
-- exception which will be caught in the exception block, below
odd := to_number(i_odd); -- you might want a format mask here
--... now you can use "odd" as a number
EXCEPTION WHEN INVALID_NUMBER THEN
return 0;
END;
/
You can also nest a begin..end block in the middle of your code just to catch exceptions, if that works better for you:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getOdds(i_odd in varchar2, i_id in number) return number as
odd number;
begin
begin
odd := to_number(i_odd); -- you might want a format mask here
exception when INVALID_NUMBER then
odd := 0;
end;
--... now you can use "odd" as a number
end;
/
The reason why you can't catch the invalid_number exception is because you are declaring the input parameter as a number. When you call your function, Oracle tries to convert the string to a number first (and it fails of course, before entering your code at all).
If you change the input parameter to varchar2, then the conversions to number (implicit in this case) is done inside the function, and invalid numbers can be caught and handled as you want (here I'm just returning a different string to denote the issue):
create or replace function is_odd_even(i_num in varchar2)
return varchar2
is
begin
-- conversion to number is done here
if (mod(i_num, 2) = 0) then
return 'EVEN';
else
return 'ODD';
end if;
exception
when INVALID_NUMBER or VALUE_ERROR then
-- do something meaningful
return 'INV';
end;
Usage example:
with x as (
select '1' as val from dual
union all
select 'SP' as val from dual
union all
select '2' as val from dual
)
select x.val, is_odd_even(x.val)
from x;
Output:
1 ODD
SP INV
2 EVEN
SOLUTION:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getOdds(i_odd in varchar2, i_id in number) return varchar2 as
odd varchar2(10);
ret_value number(4);
begin
if (i_odd ='SP') or i_odd is null then
return 'SP';
else
odd :=ROUND( TO_NUMBER( ( 1 - (play_beting.get_odds_percentage(i_id) / 100 ) ) * TO_NUMBER(i_odd) ), 2);
IF(odd < 1) THEN
ret_value := TO_NUMBER(i_odd);
ELSE
ret_value := to_char(odd,'9999.00');
END IF;
END IF;
RETURN to_char(ret_value,'9999.00');
END getOdds;
I have oracle stored procedure where i check sender I'd,source system, and transaction number at the beginning of the procedure. Can I do it this way:
If Id != "aaa"
Exit -1;
Else if source = " ".
Exit -1;
Else if trans = " ".
Exit -1;
Else.
-- continues stored procedure
I appreciate any help
To rephrase your question more generally, you want a caller of your routine to know if something bad has happened inside it. There are (at least) three ways of doing this in PL/SQL.
Use an OUT parameter
Procedure cannot return a value, the way a function does, but it can set an output parameter:
CREATE PROCEDURE inner (p_id IN VARCHAR2(10), p_res OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
p_res := 0; -- default value
IF p_id = 'aaa' THEN
p_res := -1;
RETURN;
ELSE
-- do something
END IF;
END;
Then in the caller you would have:
DECLARE res NUMBER;
...
inner('aaa', res);
IF res = -1 THEN
-- panic!
END IF;
...
Use a function
Despite your seeming aversion to functions, this might be an option.
CREATE FUNCTION inner (p_id IN VARCHAR2(10))
RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
IF p_id = 'aaa' THEN
RETURN -1;
END IF;
-- do something
RETURN 0;
END;
Then in the caller:
...
IF inner('aaa') = -1 THEN
-- panic!
END IF;
...
Use an exception
Similar to other programming languages, PL/SQL has exceptions:
CREATE PROCEDURE inner (p_id IN VARCHAR2(10))
IS
BEGIN
IF p_id = 'aaa' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'ID cannot be ''aaa''');
ELSE
-- do something
END IF;
END;
and in the caller:
...
DECLARE
panic EXCEPTION; -- declare exception
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (panic, -20000); -- assign error code to exception
...
BEGIN
inner ('aaa');
EXCEPTION
WHEN panic THEN
-- proceed to panic
END;
You are using a wrong syntax both for the IF...ELSE and for the exit.
Given that you are saying you need to get a return value, you probably need a function like this, using CASE:
create or replace function testFun ( pIn1 varchar2, pIn2 varchar2) return varchar2 is
begin
case
when pIn1 is null then
return -1;
when pIn2 = ' ' then
return -2;
else
return 999;
end case;
end;
I have encountered a rather mysterious problem today. As I executed my SQL function f_interestrate()( which should raise a from me defined exception when one of the parameters is equal to 0 ) with the following parameters:
SELECT GENERAL_FUNCTIONS.F_INTERESTRATE(2500000, 0.10, 0) FROM dual;
Gave me the following error:
ORA-06503: PL/SQL: Function returned without value
ORA-06512: at "NOAHBASE.GENERAL_FUNCTIONS", line 73
06503. 00000 - "PL/SQL: Function returned without value"
*Cause: A call to PL/SQL function completed, but no RETURN statement was executed.
*Action: Rewrite PL/SQL function, making sure that it always returns
a value of a proper type.
But as you may see in the following code sample the function should instead raise the form me defined exception ex_invalid_devisor. Not forget to mention that this function is nested inside a package.
FUNCTION f_interestrate(pn_principal NUMBER, pn_interest NUMBER, pn_years NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
vn_interestrate NUMBER;
ex_invalid_devisor EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
IF pn_principal = 0 OR
pn_interest = 0 OR
pn_years = 0 THEN
RAISE ex_invalid_devisor;
ELSE
vn_interestrate := ((pn_interest/pn_principal)-1)/pn_years;
RETURN vn_interestrate;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ex_invalid_devisor THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Devisor must be bigger then 0');
END;
Am I doing anything wrong?
This is how you should handle ... I added 'return -1' in your code. HTH.
create or replace FUNCTION f_interestrate(pn_principal NUMBER, pn_interest NUMBER, pn_years NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
vn_interestrate NUMBER;
ex_invalid_devisor EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
IF pn_principal = 0 OR
pn_interest = 0 OR
pn_years = 0 THEN
RAISE ex_invalid_devisor;
ELSE
vn_interestrate := ((pn_interest/pn_principal)-1)/pn_years;
RETURN vn_interestrate;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ex_invalid_devisor THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Devisor must be bigger then 0');
return -1;
END;
SQL> select F_INTERESTRATE(2500000, 0.10, 0) FROM dual;
F_INTERESTRATE(2500000,0.10,0)
------------------------------
-1
As PL/SQL already has a perfectly good zero_divide exception, I'd be tempted to just write the function as:
create or replace function f_interestrate
( pn_principal number
, pn_interest number
, pn_years number )
return number
as
begin
return ((pn_interest / pn_principal) - 1) / pn_years;
end;
then you'll get the default failure message:
SQL> select f_interestrate(2500000, 0.10, 0) from dual;
select f_interestrate(2500000, 0.10, 0) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
ORA-06512: at "XXX.F_INTERESTRATE", line 8
Or if you really need some customised handling,
create or replace function f_interestrate
( pn_principal number
, pn_interest number
, pn_years number )
return number
as
begin
return ((pn_interest / pn_principal) - 1) / pn_years;
exception
when zero_divide then
[[[ do something here ]]]
end;
I notice you also raise your custom ex_invalid_devisor exception when pn_interest is zero, even though this isn't used as a divisor, so perhaps there is some subtle logic I am missing here.
(Edit: thinking about it, if pn_interest is zero then maybe you just need to return pn_principal regardless.)