Most of you certainly now the MacOS terminal emulator iTerm 2
I want to pass my environment variables which I've set/saved in ~/.ssh/environment to iTerm2, when it (the profile) is configured as default handler for this url-scheme. ( ssh://== )
Normal example ← works
You open the app iTerm2
Enter your ssh-command:
ssh hostname
It connects into your server and you can see with the command printenv your environment-variables you've put into your local ~/.ssh/environment file.
URL-Scheme example ← doesn't work
Some external application ( like the alfred-ssh workflow from deanishe) can access your .ssh/config file to make it easier to access all your configured hosts quickly and opens them then via url-scheme.
Because iTerm2 is configured for the ssh-scheme iTerm2 starts and connects quickly to the server.
You enter printenv and doesn't find your environment-varialbes.
You realize that iTerm2 started instantly and doesn't loaded the local environment-variables. Okay, I doesn't realized this at the beginning and created an issue for the workflow I used. But the developer is right, iTerm2 starts and isn't able to load the environment variables.
I've searched already several weeks for an solution, but wasn't able to solve this problem yet. That's why I'm asking here now.
My local SSH configuration (cleaned)
Content of ~/.ssh/environment is:
echo "RMATE_HOST=localhost" > sshenv
echo "RMATE_PORT=52699" > sshenv
Content of ~/.ssh/config is:
Host *
AddKeysToAgent yes
ServerAliveInterval 120
TCPKeepAlive no
UseKeychain yes
SendEnv RMATE_*
RemoteForward 52699 localhost:52699
Host personal
HostName personal.tld
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keyFileName1
User user
Port 22
Host work
HostName business.tld
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keyFileName2
User user
Port 22
And yeah, indeed! I just want to pass my RMATE variables to the servers via the workflow with Alfred ;-)
Related
I was wondering if it is possible to edit a file with Sublime Text 3 through multi-hop SSH tunnel. In my particular case I have my Mac (let's call it A) and two Linux Machines: B and C. The files are located in C, and I access them with my machine like this:
A -> B -> C
I found these articles that can help but they only talk about editing files in B.
How to open remote files in sublime text 3
Editing files remotely via SSH on SublimeText 3
According to these articles, I can edit files in B installing rsub in the remote machine and a plugin in Sublime at A. I tried to do that in C (yes, i know it is not so useful, but who knows) but I got the error:
user#remote-C:~$ rsub
/usr/local/bin/rsub: connect: Connection refused
/usr/local/bin/rsub: line 327: /dev/tcp/localhost/52698: Connection refused
Unable to connect to TextMate on localhost:52698
I would be happy to know if there is a way to achieve this. Thanks in advance.
I will answer to myself. The solution is to do a SSH tunnelling from A to C with B in between using the ProxyCommand in the ssh config file at ~/.ssh/config.
I added these lines:
Host myMachineC
HostName NAME_OF_MACHINE_C
ProxyCommand ssh USER_IN_B#NAME_OF_MACHINE_B nc %h %p
User USER_IN_C
RemoteForward 52698 localhost:52698 # this is required by rsub
Host defines an alias for the real hostname which is written after the HostName directive. ProxyCommand is a command that is executed when you try to log in myMachineC. nc is a command that...
...by default creates a TCP socket either in listening mode (server socket) or a socket that is used in order to connect to a server (client mode) [1]
Now the machine C is accessible from A by only typing:
$ ssh myMachineC
It is recommendable that you already allowed password-less logins. To achieve this you need to have installed the public key from your home computer into the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of each host along the way. [2]
In conclusion: With all this procedure, there will be a normal SSH connection to the intermediary machine B and then nc will be used to extend the connection to C. Using this tunnelling, the client can act as if the connection were direct using ssh. That will be useful to use with rsub.
Then, you should install and use rsub as normal and it will work like a charm.
I tried this in OSX Yosemite, but should run in almost any *nix system. I hope it will be useful for you.
Netcat Explanation and Examples
Transparent Multihop in SSH
The accepted solution didn't work for me because I use Host B as a SSH server where my SSH keys are stored. Also my SSH keys have passwords so the ProxyCommand command won't work.
But There's an easier way to do this.
You can add the following to the .ssh/config file on Host B;
Host *
RemoteForward 52698 localhost:52698
You can define a specific host or give the * wildcard for all hosts. This will forward port 52698 for all SSH sessions from Host B.
I have a fancy prompt working well on my local machine. However, I'm logging to multiple machines, on different accounts via ssh. I would love to have my prompt synchronized everywhere by ssh command itself.
Any idea how to get that? In many cases I'm accessing machines using root account and I can't change permanently any settings there. I want the prompt synchronized.
In principle this is just setting variable PS1.
Try this :
ssh -l root host -t "bash --rcfile /path/to/special/bashrc"
maybe /path/to/special/bashrc can be /tmp/myrc by example
I am getting a error while accessing the firefox using X11Forwarding.
[root#station2 ~]# firefox
KiTTY X11 proxy: wrong authorisation protocol attemptedKiTTY X11 proxy: wrong authorisation protocol attemptedError: cannot open display: localhost:10.0
setup the following values: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes
** Installed the package**
#yum install xorg-x11-xauth
#yum -y install xauth
[root#station2 .ssh]# echo $DISPLAY
localhost:10.0
#mkxauth -c
adding key for station2.example.com to /root/.Xauthority ... done
export XAUTHORITY=$HOME/.Xauthority
This fix worked for me
There is a hard, if not even impossible, to find (by search engine) scenario that may may cause that error message.
Preliminary note: The topic of this answer is not to discuss if it is a safety
risc or recommondable at all to use a graphical desktop as root on an remote, display-less, webserver.
Scenario:
A remote internet connected Linux server S has assigned the domain
name example.com to it's public IP4-address 192.0.2.1.
The /etc/hostname file on S contains the single line example.
The /etc/hosts
file on S contains the line 127.0.0.1 localhost example.com example.
The (remote) ssh access to S is by (sshd-) configuration (on S) forbidden
for root by the line DenyUsers root in /etc/ssh/sshd_config, but
allowed for a dummy user user1. From a client computer C a ssh
connection, using the ssh parameter -X or -Y, is established to S
as user user1.
Then, in a remote terminal on S owned by user1,
if any X11 related command is tried to be executed as root, may it be by
su, then trying to start the X11 desktop environment
or, as in the concrete case executing a script containing
#!/bin/bash
su --preserve-environment -c "xfce4-session &" root
the error message
X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication.
is output and the start of any X11 related program fails.
The DISPLAY variable of root's environment contains
example.com:10.0
then.
One solution to the problem is, in this special case, to modify the line
127.0.0.1 localhost example.com example
in /etc/hosts to
127.0.0.1 localhost
Solution: run the application with the same user you are SSHing.
I have also encounter such errors while using X11.
The source of my problem was that i used SSH with my own username (which was not root).
Then, once logged in i tired running stuff with X11 while doing "su" or doing "sudo",
the problem with that is that the SSH session is configured with your own username - e.g: Raj, but then you switch to user root which is not part of the X11 session.
So what you should do is simply try to run the application (firefox in your case) with the same user you started the X11 session.
Hope this helps.
Talel.
I ran into this running gvim over ssh -t -Y and the solution that worked for me was:
xauth add $(xauth -f ~<logon_user>/.Xauthority list | tail -1) ; export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1 # gvim X11 fix for remote GUI failure after su
I do not know where I stumbled on this answer so I cannot give credit to the author.
I installed Git-1.7.9-preview20120201.exe, and when I try to access my repository via SSH it failed.
I investigated and found that if I run SSH -T git#myrepo.com, SSH doesn't load ~/.ssh/config where a custom port is defined.
When I try SSH -F c:\users\tomas\.ssh\config git#myrepo.com everything is OK.
I used Process Monitor and found that SSH is trying to find \\\\.ssh\config here C:\Windows\CSC\v2.0.6\namespace\.ssh.
Why?
How I can force it to use normal path? %HOMEPATH%\.ssh\config?
set the HOME environment variable pointing to %USERPROFILE% for ssh to pick it up. This usually seems to be the problem for many unix solutions that run on windows.
Fast access to set user env variables:
Start > Type "env" > Select "Environmental variables for your account"
I found that windows msygit port store ssh config here <installPath>\Git\etc\ssh\ssh_config
My current solution for editing files on a remote web server is to use Fetch to browse the remote machine and TextWrangler to make the edits. But since I'm getting more comfortable navigating the command line on the remote machine (but not comfortable enough to use VIM...), I'd like to be able to type something like 'open filename.txt' on the remote machine and have TextWrangler open up on my local machine. I've heard the term "reverse tunneling" tossed around as an option, but I have no idea what to do next. Any suggestions are greatly appreciated - thanks!
Personally, I use Cyberduck as my S/FTP browser. In Cyberduck's preferences, you can define a default text editor to edit remote files. Now I can just hit Cmd+K when I have a file selected, and it will open up in TextWrangler. Whenever I save, the changes are automatically transferred to the remote file.
I was actually looking to do the same thing, and no one had written it up, so I figured this out today.
There's 2 required and 3 optional parts to this:
Enable ssh login on both computers (required)
Set up an ssh tunnel from the remote machine to your machine (required)
Set up an alias for the ssh tunnel (optional)
Set up an alias for TextWrangler on the remote machine (optional)
Set up ssh keys so you don't have to enter your password every time (optional)
You need to be able to ssh from local to remote to run the commands, and you need to be able to ssh from remote to local so it can send commands to TextWrangler.
To set up the ssh tunnel, you need to run a command on your local machine like:
ssh -f -N -R 10022:localhost:22 [username on remote machine]#[remote machine hostname]
The -f and -N flags put ssh into the background and leave you on your machine. The -R flag binds a port on the remote computer to a port on your local computer. Anything contacting the remote machine on port 10022 will be sent to port 22 on your local computer. The remote port can be anything you want, but you should choose a port > 1024 to avoid conflicts and so you don't have to be root. I chose 10022 because it's similar to ssh's default port of 22. Replace the brackets with your username and machine name.
You'll need to run that once after you log in. To make the command easier on yourself, you can add an alias in your bash profile. Add the following to your local ~/.bash_profile:
alias open-tunnel='ssh -f -N -R 10022:localhost:22 [username on remote machine]#[remote machine hostname]'
Of course, you can choose whatever alias name you like.
Once you've set up the tunnel, you can use a command like this on the remote machine:
ssh -p 10022 [username on local machine]#localhost "edit sftp://[username on remote machine]#[remote machine hostname]//absolute/path/to/file.txt"
The -p flag says to use port 10022 (or whichever port you chose earlier). This will cause the remote machine to connect to your local machine and execute the command in the double quotes without opening an interactive ssh session. The command in the quotes is the command you would run on your local machine to open the remote file in TextWrangler.
To make the command easier on yourself, you can add a function in your bash profile. Add the following to your remote ~/.bash_profile:
function edit { if [[ ${1:0:1} = "/" ]]; then abs_path="$1"; else abs_path="`pwd`/$1"; fi; ssh -p 10022 [username on local machine]#localhost "edit sftp://[username on remote machine]#[remote machine hostname]/$abs_path"; }
This is assuming that you don't have the TextWrangler command line tools installed on the remote machine. If you do, you should name the function something other than edit. For example, tw. Here, ${1:0:1} looks at the first character of the first parameter of the function, which should be the file path. If it doesn't begin with /, we figure out the absolute path by adding the current working directory (pwd) to the beginning. Now, if you're on the remote machine in /home/jdoe/some/directory/ and you run edit some/other/directory/file.txt, the following will be executed on your local machine:
edit sftp://[username on remote machine]#[remote machine hostname]//home/jdoe/some/directory/some/other/directory/file.txt
Lastly, you should set up ssh keys in both directions so you're not prompted for a password every single time. Here's a guide someone else wrote: http://pkeck.myweb.uga.edu/ssh/
I dont think this will allow opening from the command-line, but
Eclipse with Remote-System-Explorer also supports editing of files via ssh connection
I think what you're referring to is called "X11 forwarding" over ssh. Take a look at the ssh_config(5) manpage for configuration (or just use 'ssh' with the '-X' parameter). As far as i know, this does only work with X11 programs (gvim, xemacs, etc.), because the editor is actually running on the host you're connecting to - only the display stuff happens on your local machine. So TextWrangler is not an option, because it's not an X11 program.
I use Interarchy (from nolobe) for remote editing. It's a fairly advanced ftp/sftp client that gives you a finder-style view of your remote files and allows you to use your favourite editor to work on those files.
If you don't like to pay for such a program, there's an Open-Source program called "Fugu" available from the Univerity of Michigan which you can also use.
FileZilla offers this functionality as well. You can download it here. Once you've connected to your sftp you can right-click on the text file and open it with the text editor of your choice.
Minimal answer
You can use Applescript. So from the command line execute this:
osascript <<EOF
tell application "TextWrangler"
activate
open location {"sftp://myusername:#my.server:22222//home/username/.bashrc"}
end tell
EOF
Notes
Obviously you wouldn't want to type a here document on every invocation, so my suggestion would be to put this logic inside a regular shell script:
osascript <<EOF
tell application "TextWrangler"
activate
open location {"$1"}
end tell
EOF
Then invoke the script like this:
sh ~/bin/textwrangler.sh "sftp://myusername:#my.server:22222//home/username/.bashrc"
Specifying a host-qualified path can get tedious each time so either hardcode that in your script, or bind the script invocation to a keystroke via your shell. For bash:
bind '"\et":"sh ~/bin/textwrangler.sh \"sftp://myusername:#my.server:22222/\""'
Now you generate the majority of the command by pressing Alt-t