I have multiple questions regarding debugging a Raspberry pi 3 from a linux x64 host using gdb-multiarch, as well as writing bare metal programs in general. We are currently facing a problem where our code appears to not be loaded into memory. When we begin debugging in GDB we start at address 0. 3 instructions down we jump into 0x10000. If I modify my linker script to put the Raspberry pi into either address I get the same result, we jump into 0x10000 and our code isn't loaded there. Instead we get this
We noticed also that GDB is using 32 bit register names here when we're supposed to be debugging 64 bit code.
Again a recap of what we're using:
QEMU with versatile-pb machine.
An aarch64 GCC cross-compiler.
GDB-multiarch.
We've tried on two different hosts: Ubuntu 16.04 x64 Host running in virtualbox. Mint x64 running natively.
We also tried the arm-none-eabi toolchain but were running into problems not having our code compiled as 64 bit.
Help is much appreciated! Thanks!
You don't give your command line, but "versatile-pb" is a 32-bit only board type, so trying to run 64-bit code on it is going to misbehave in confusing ways. You need to tell QEMU to emulate a 64-bit capable board that matches what your bare-metal code is expecting to run on.
In QEMU 2.12 there will be a "raspi3" QEMU board which may be helpful for you; you'd need to try building the latest 2.12 release candidate tarball at the moment if you wanted to experiment with that (2.12 release isn't due for another couple of weeks). Otherwise you could use the "virt" board if you made sure your bare metal code was built to be able to run on that board.
Related
I'm currently trying to run ARM assembly on my DE series board. However when I try to open my project I get the following error on the Intel FPGA Monitor Program:
Error running 'make DETECT_DEVICES'. (java.io.IOException: The pipe is
being closed)
How can I solve that?
Depends on the OS you are running. If you are running on Windows 11, it's not going to work because there is no USB Blaster II driver support for it unfortunately.
(see: https://community.intel.com/t5/Programmable-Devices/USB-Blaster-for-Windows-11/m-p/1422212#M87272)
NazrulNaim_Intel Employee
10-16-2022 11:57 PM
Hi Fari,
Regarding the issue with the USB blaster, as mention by ak6dn there will be issues regarding installing the USB blaster in Windows 11 because It is not officially supported yet by Intel. We cannot sure that it will 100% works in windows 11. As for work around to troubleshoot the issue, you can follow the instruction from the link that I have attached below.
https://www.terasic.com.tw/wiki/Altera_USB_Blaster_Driver_Installation_Instructions
Regards,
Nazrul Naim
I suggest you use a VM with Windows 10 if that's the case.
The FPGA monitor program requires WSL1 with a Linux distro installed on your PC. Make sure WSL1 is set to default, WSL2 is not supported and will result in crashes while trying to compile your code.
To install WSL1 and set it to default, follow this link:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install
After installation, launch the installed distro and follow this link step by step:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/programmable/683525/21-3/installing-windows-subsystem-for-linux.html
Although the document refers to the NIOS II EDS it is also applicable for the FPGA monitor.
Also make sure that the version of Quartus corresponds to the version of the FPGA monitor and keep the Linux distro running in the background while compiling.
I am trying to read the LDD book by Jonathan Corbet, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Alessandro Rubini and implement the sample modules. So to begin with, I tried setting up a development system. Installed Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial. Now, I just created a directory and wrote the hello_world module with a Makefile. Got it built and run it, verified the dmesg logs.
Is that all the development setup? I searched online and found articles where they are asking to download and compile the kernel, use a VM to boot the kernel. What is the reason? Or what am I missing?
Is there any better article which clarifies this?
Thanks
hago
You can try one more way:
If you have native windows, install virtual machine software such as
Virtual box. Get your favourite Linux distribution (no bias, just
an example - Ubuntu) and install it through Virtual box.
Get the latest kernel (or of your choice) from kernel.org.
Choose the platform you want to build this kernel for. E.g arm64 or x86.
In case you do not have real boards (e.g RPi for arm variant), you can use qemu-arm64 or qemu-x86 to run your compiled kernel. This is also a good option when users do not have the boards.
Another good use case for using qemu for the newbie kernel developers is even they write some modules which crashes, then the qemu instance is crashed so no harm.
I think using qemu is a good option for people who starts to learn kernel programming and also want to try writing some of their modules and do not intend to purchase hardware at this point of time.
It depends on your target. For your case, you have made a kernel driver for your computer (it run Linux kernel).
But if you want to develop a Kernel driver for another target like Rasberry Pi, ARM board, X86-X64 board, ... you must learn to compile, edit Kernel config, boot Kernel image, ... because each target has different kernel versions.
You can refer to this training for more detail: https://bootlin.com/training/embedded-linux/
I have some basics knowledge on Linux (RHEL 5.4) Device Driver and Kernel internals and wish to gain expertise on same. I came to know of raspberry pi board.
My question is that the same code that I write on a Linux server will work there - is their architecture and concepts same. Kindly note that if it is not the same case then I need to buy a desktop PC otherwise for offline practicing purpose.
Note - I was unable to add raspberry pi group hence needed to remove the same and add the below ones.
Yes it depends on Architecture and the same code compiled on x86 will not wrok on Pi. However, there are ways to get around it.
As mentioned in the above post, use a cross compile toolchain(that comes with its own libc) to comile your code (kernel/userspace) to try it out on R pi. Again doing this, you will still not be able to test your code. To do that get a VM tool like qemu. I am not sure if there is a qemu port for R pi but in general a ARM 11 (ARMv6) based qemu should do. The following link should get you going with initial kernel development on your PC without owning a R pi.
http://xecdesign.com/qemu-emulating-raspberry-pi-the-easy-way/
Cheers
Subbu
Is their architecture and concepts same??
I would like to clarify that Rasperry Pi is ARM based board. Mostly I guess your server is running on X86.
Device drivers meant for devices. Rasperry Pi should have the device which you are writing driver for.
I suggest you to study the data sheet of rasperry pi and linux driver model.
Linux driver model is architexture independent only. so you need only some effort for porting your X86 driver to ARM. You need to concentrate on hardware part.
You might need to cross compile your code for ARM arch. if you are using x86 machine on your Linux Server.You can cross compile your modules for ARM using GNU ARM toolchain and then run on Raspberry pi.
I am studying Linux driver programming and in it, it is recommended that I work on self-compiled Linux kernels and not any distributions. I have tried compiling Linux 2.6.9 in ubuntu but the process returns errors in 'make menuconfig' stage.
I would prefer to work with Linux in a virtual environment so that I can fearlessly experiment with the kernel. So, is there any way I can compile and run Linux in a virtual machine (say VMware installed on Windows)? I can use live CDs for the purpose of compiling the kernel.
So in short, please suggest, how can I compile, install and run Linux kernel in a virtual machine in an error-free way?
I searched and read this. But after following these steps when I restarted my computer there was no separate Linux 3.2.17 OS. But my ubuntu 12.04 was now showing 3.2.17 kernel. Although this is the first time I could compile a whole kernel on ubuntu without any error, I want to load that kernel on other partition and use it as an independent OS. So, if anyone can tell, what to do in addition to the steps in the tutorial so that I can achieve this?
The simplest thing to do is probably to install some Linux distribution on a VM, such as VMWare or VirtualBox, and continue from there. You could try using a live-cd, but I'm guessing that the lack of persistent storage might get irritating. There are, of course, ways around that, but installing some distribution is probably simpler, and you don't really need that much disk space for it if all you want to do is compile a kernel.
If all you want to do is compile a kernel module, and if you already have some pre-installed Linux environment, you should also note that modern Linux installations allow you to compile modules without the need to re-compile the entire kernel. You will need the kernel source and headers, though. See, for example, this document.
And BTW, speaking of modern kernels, why did you choose to use 2.6.9? It's almost 8 years old by now. Newer kernels might actually be easier to develop for. Also, there's no guarantee that
modules developed with such an old kernel would still work with current ones.
I suggest you to read this page. This document shows you how to boot your personal kernel on qemu and how to use the debugger on it.
Kernelnewbies is the right place to start kernel hacking. This website contains a set of rich tutorials about kernel hacking and tweaking just for newbie Linux developers. Also, you can join the community and start contributing to some tiny Linux projects.
For a quick start, follow the instruction from the "kernel first patch" tutorial. Since you're cloning the "origin" remote repository in this tutorial, you'll work on the latest branches of Linux kernel. So, there's no need to worry about working on an old version of Linux. Meanwhile, if you're not comfortable working with git trees, you can always download the latest version of Linux from front page of "kernel.org".
My ultimate goal is to do some programming for the Angstrom Linux (or Debian or other Linux distros), on QEMU emulating ARM processor board s.a. Versatile board. I am happy to experiement, but if someone has attempted something similar, and can give little guidance, it might hasten progress.
My understanding of the steps needed are:-
1. Build QEMU from source (although I am not sure if a prebuilt binary won't do). I found QEMuManager on Windows (XP being my Desktop OS on which I intend to run QEMU).
2. Install ARM tool chain (e.g. Yagarto / GNU-ARM for Cygwin?)
3. Download an Angstrom Linux tarball and build it
4. Create a QEMU image with Angstrom Linux.
However I am missing on the details, as I believe there are choices to be made at each of those steps.
IMHO you should use a linux distribution as host machine for your QEmu instead of trying to compile/install all the QEmu stuff in a cygwin based system, it will remove some futur headaches. You can use a VMWare player with an ubuntu image.
I used to play with this tutorial for Debian on QEMU.
The beagleboard, hawkboard, open-rd sites all tend to lead to their distros being built on qemu (arm), and from there there is no reason why you cannot just continue to keep running on the simulation instead of heading for hardware.
This is an example of how to do it with ubuntu.
https://wiki.edubuntu.org/ARM/RootfsFromScratch
Yes it is also possible to cross compile everything as well, I would start with wiki pages that hand hold you through all of the steps. Or as with the hawkboard or beagleboard get a pre-built binary (kernel and root file system) and just boot it and run on that environment and not mess with building everything.