Hi I am pretty much new to Oracle and need an idea on how to do it.
Consideer I have a Text file and the value in the file is
'20180924'
'20180923'
I read these value from the Pro*c and then I add 29 days to it, so the value now changes from 20180924 to 20180953. I don't want that to happen i want the value to be added as
TO_DATE('20180924','yyyymmdd')+29 which returns the value as "23-OCT-18"
The answer is correct but i want the result to also be in the same YYYYMMDD format like 20181023.
How do i achieve this ?
Just format it back.
to_char(TO_DATE('20180924','yyyymmdd')+29, 'yyyymmdd')
Dates do not have a format - they are represented internally by 7 or 8 bytes.
If you want a date to have a format then you will need to convert it to a data type that can be formatted - i.e. a string:
TO_CHAR( TO_DATE( '20180924', 'yyyymmdd' ) + 29, 'YYYYMMDD' )
When SQL/Plus (or SQL Developer) displays date data types they implicitly convert them to strings (since this is more meaningful to you, the user, than displaying the raw bytes) and uses the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter as the format model in this implicit conversion. If you want to change this then you can use:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYYMMDD';
and then your query:
TO_DATE( '20180924', 'yyyymmdd' ) + 29
should (provided your SQL client uses this setting and does not have their own internal format preferences) give the output you expect. (Note: this will change the default format for the client to display all dates in this session and not just this one statement.)
select TO_NUMBER((TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(HIREDATE,'DD-MON-YY'),'YYYYMMDD')) FROM EMP;
select TO_NUMBER((TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(HIREDATE,'DD-MON-YY'),'YYYYMMDD'))FROM EMP
20201101
select TO_NUMBER((TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YY'),'YYYYMMDD')) FROM DUAL;
Related
I want to get display of future and past dates in mm/dd/yyyy and dd/mm/yyyy format in Oracle SQL 18C using SQL functions, so I want the code for it. I tried code select sysdate from dual and I get the output 21-JAN-23, but I want output of future and past dates like 23/11/2033 and 16/12/2009 in mm/dd/yyyy and dd/mm/yyyy format.
Format date using TO_CHAR() function
SELECT
TO_CHAR( SYSDATE, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY' )
FROM
dual;
The output would be:
August 1, 2017
Creating a Future or Past Date
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data type that ALWAYS consists of 7 bytes representing century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second and is NEVER stored in any particular human-readable format.
Therefore, if you want to get a DATE data type in a particular format then it is impossible as dates never have any format when they are stored.
If you want to get a date you can use:
A date literal:
SELECT DATE '2023-12-31' FROM DUAL;
or, the TO_DATE function:
SELECT TO_DATE('31/12/2023', 'MM/DD/YYYY') FROM DUAL;
Displaying Dates in a Client Application
However, if the problem is how to display a date in a particular format then you need to convert the binary DATE value to a string.
Most client applications (SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, TOAD, C#, Java, etc.) will implicitly convert a binary date to something that is human-readable when they display it and will have settings in the application that determine the default format that it applies to dates.
For SQL*Plus and SQL Developer, you can modify the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter to change how that client application displays dates (note: this does not change how Oracle stores the dates internally, only how it is displayed by the client).
For example:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
or:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'MM/DD/YYYY';
And then the client application will display dates in that format when you use a SELECT statement.
For other client applications you will need to check the documentation for that application.
Explicitly Formatting Dates as Strings
If you want to display a DATE in a particular format independent of any settings in the client application then you will need to convert the date to a string.
Using TO_CHAR:
SELECT TO_CHAR(DATE '2023-12-31', 'MM/DD/YYYY') AS formatted_date FROM DUAL;
Or, if you are generating the date and formatting it (rather than taking an existing date and formatting it) then you could just use a string literal:
SELECT '31/12/2023' AS formatted_date FROM DUAL;
I'm trying to store date type data from Oracle FORMS with format mask as like DD-MM-YYYY but every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
I already alter session with NLS_DATE_FORMAT, but result is as same as before.
Oracle internal date format that is written in the table is something you can't change in any way, but, in the same time, it is irrelevant. If you are dealing with DATE type column then you should know that it containes both the date and the time. How, where and when you will show it or use it is on you. Here is a sample of a few formats derived from that original Oracle DATE format...
WITH
t AS
(
Select SYSDATE "MY_DATE_COLUMN" From Dual
)
Select
MY_DATE_COLUMN "DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'mm-dd-yyyy') "DATE_1",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'yyyy/mm/dd') "DATE_2",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy') "DATE_3",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss') "DATE_4"
From t
DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT
DATE_1
DATE_2
DATE_3
DATE_4
22-OCT-22
10-22-2022
2022/10/22
22.10.2022
22.10.2022 10:59:44
You can find a lot more about the theme at https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-date/
Regards...
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data-type consisting of 7-bytes (representing century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second). It ALWAYS has those 7 components and it is NEVER stored in any particular human-readable format.
every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
As already mentioned, no, it does not store a date like that; the database stores dates as 7 bytes.
What you are seeing is that the client application, that you are using to connect to the database, is receiving the 7-byte binary date value and is choosing to convert it to something that is more easily comprehensible to you, the user, and is defaulting to converting the date to a string with the format DD/MON/RR.
What you should be doing is changing how the dates are displayed by the client application by either:
Change the settings in the Toad (View > Toad Options > Data Grids > Data and set the Date Format option) and allow Toad to implicitly format the string; or
Use TO_CHAR to explicitly format the date (TO_CHAR(column_name, 'DD-MM-YYYY')).
I'm trying to store data as like DD-MM-YYYY.
If you want to store a date then STORE it as a date (which has no format) and format it when you DISPLAY it.
If you have a valid business case to store it with a format then you will need to store it as a string, rather than as a date, because you can format strings; however, this is generally considered bad practice and should be avoided.
Sadman, to add to what others have posted I suggest you do not write your applications with reliance on the NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter but rather you screens and application should specify the expected DATE entry format and the code should use the TO_DATE function to store the data into the database. All application SQL should use the TO_CHAR function to format date output for display.
I am getting timestamp format as '01-APR-21 12.02.00.496677000 AM' from oracle, I want to change the format to load data into sql server column with datatype as datetime.
Current Input: '01-APR-21 12.02.00.496677000 AM'
Expected Output : 2021-04-01 12:02:00.496
I need to write the code in oracle to change timestamp format
Thanks
Neha
A TIMESTAMP is a binary data format consisting of 7-20 bytes (century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute, second, up to 6 bytes for fractional seconds and up to 7 bytes for time zone information); it does NOT have a format.
Why am I seeing the TIMESTAMP with a format?
You are seeing it with a format because whatever user interface you are using to access the database has decided that it is more useful to display the binary information as a formatted string rather than returning the raw byte values to you.
Typically, for SQL/Plus and SQL Developer, this is managed by the NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT session parameter. Other user interfaces will have different mechanisms by which they manage the default format of dates and timestamps.
If you want to change the default for SQL/Plus (and SQl Developer) then you can use:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF9';
(Or whatever format you would like.)
How can I format the TIMESTAMP value?
If you then want to display the timestamp with a format (remember, a TIMESTAMP is not stored with any format) then you want to use TO_CHAR to convert it to a string where it can have a format.
If you want to format the TIMESTAMP as a YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF3 string then use:
SELECT TO_CHAR( your_timestamp_column, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF3' )
FROM your_table
How can I convert a formatted string back to a TIMESTAMP?
From your comment:
I loaded the oracle data into a different SQL table where date format was varchar and data got loaded as '01-APR-21 12.02.00.496677000 AM'
Use TO_TIMESTAMP:
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP( your_string_column, 'DD-MON-RR HH12:MI:SS.FF9 AM' )
FROM your_table
(Note: that this will convert your string to a binary TIMESTAMP and then whatever user interface you are using will use its rules on how to display it; and if the default format it is using is DD-MON-RR HH12:MI:SS.FF9 AM then the query above will look like it has done nothing; it has, the UI is just implicitly converting it back to a string to display it.)
I have inserted into a table in Oracle. My implementation without PLSQL would be:
SELECT to_date('1900-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + (rownum - 1) AS DT_CAL,
rownum AS NUM_JOUR
FROM dual
CONNECT BY to_date('1900-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + (rownum - 1) <=
to_date('2000-12-31','YYYY-MM-DD')
result is: 05/28/1900, not 1900-05-28. Can you help me understand what the problem is?
The DATE data type does not have a format; Oracle stores it as either 7- or 8-bytes and it is not until it is passed to a client program (i.e. SQL/Plus, SQL Developer, Toad, Java, Python, etc) and that client program formats it according to whatever rules it has that the date gets a format.
If you are using SQL/Plus or SQL Developer then it will use the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter to format the date. You can change this using:
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
(Be aware that this will only change the format in the current session and will not change it for any other sessions/users.)
If you want to give the date a particular format then you will need to convert it to a string.
to_date() takes your string parameter, matches it to the format you provide in the second parameter, and constructs a date field from it. The date field isn't using the format you provided in the second parameter - in fact it'll be stored using some internal data representation that has no format at all (a number, in all likelihood).
To present a format back out in the results from a date field, you can either:
Have the client executing the query set the NLS parameters (at session level) to provide a localized format, with an ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD'; statement), or
Use to_char(..., 'YYYY-MM-DD') around your existing field to turn the date back into a string formatted the way you want to have it. Where you replace ... with your current column definition in the select.
Approach #1 is already happening, as there'll already be an NLS_DATE_FORMAT set that is producing the current format, but it's with a format you don't want, so if you can control it and change it there, you can do it that way. If you can't and you must have the format a single consistent other way, then #2 could be the way to go.
I need your assistance with converting Oracle dates.
I have a column that stores dates like this 20150731 00:00:34.220. However, I would like to show the column like this 20150731 but when I run a simple select statement to test output I get the following error.
select TO_DATE('20150731 00:00:34.550','YYYYMMDD')
from dual
Error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
This query
select TO_DATE('20150731 00:00:34.550','YYYYMMDD')
from dual
leads to error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
because you pass string with length 22 characters, but at the same time you pass date format with 8 characters, which obviously doesn't correspond to string. You should write the query as
select to_timestamp('20150731 00:00:34.550','yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss.ff3')
from dual
As for your table, since you have varchar2 column with dates, you have to take care about table content. Query requires exect matching of the source string and date format.
If you want to show only date without time and you don't need to process this string as date, you can make just
select substr('20150731 00:00:34.550', 1, 8)
from dual
What is the data type of the column? If it is DATE (as it should be) then not it is not stored in the format you say. It is stored in an internal binary format. You would/should use the to_char function to DISPLAY it in whatever format you choose. If you do not use the to_char function, it will be displayed in the format specified by NLS_DATE_FORMAT, which can be specified at several locations.
As for your example, you passed a string format of yyyymmd hh:mi:ss.fff', but you provided a description mask of only YYYYMMDD. It doesn't know what to do with time component. In addition to that when you SELECT TO_DATE, oracle also has to do an implied TO_CHAR to convert it back to a string for display purposes.
In addition, you provided your to_date with a character string that included fractions of seconds. A DATE data type only resolves to seconds. If you need fractional seconds, you need to use TIMESTAMP, not DATE.
If your column is a varchar and you need a date output:
select TO_DATE(substr('20150731 00:00:34.550', 1, 8),'YYYYMMDD') from dual
If it's in a date format and you need a string output:
select to_char(your_column, 'YYYYMMDD') from your_table
Is that being stored in an Oracle datetime column? If not, you may have to do some manipulation to get it into a DD-MON-YYYY format. If it is being stored as a text string you could use SUBSTR( Date_field, Start_Position, Length) to get the first 8 characters. check out this link SUBSTR
Working on the assumption that you're not trying to change the value in the column, and are just trying to show it in the YYYYMMDD format -
As mentioned by a_horse_with_no_name, you'll just need to convert it to a character string. In this example I used systimestamp as my date:
SELECT TO_CHAR(systimestamp,'YYYYMMDD') FROM DUAL
Result:
20160121
That should give you the YYYYMMDD format you want to display.