For example, I'm trying to install pipenv using the following commands:
$ pip3 install --user pipenv
$ cd ~/Documents/myproject
$ pipenv install requests
zsh: command not found: pipenv
It seems that the issue can be resolved if I run sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/pipenv /usr/bin. Is this a safe thing to do? I've also been having this issue with several other packages, like tensorboard and xflux. Is there something wrong with my system that makes it such that I need to manually create a symlink every time? How can I change things so that packages can install normally without me having to do this every time?
The problem you are having is that the tools you are installing are being installed in non-standard locations and are not being included in your PATH. One way to resolve this would be to include the paths in your PATH environment variable. In order for these programs to be in your path every time you login, do this (assuming you are using zsh as your shell):
1) Open ~/.zshrc using vim or any other editor:
vim ~/.zshrc
2) Append the following to this file:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/dir/containing/pipenv
Remember to replace /path/to/dir/containing/pipenv with the appropriate path.
3) Source your ~/.zshrc so that the path is included in your current session:
source ~/.zshrc
4) Now everytime you login, the paths should be available in your environment and you won't need to create symlinks.
Related
I have some Unix Executable Files in a paticular directory, say /Users/myUserName/Developer/sdcc/bin/.
I find I must get into this directory using cd before running that command, or it complains zsh: command not found.
But it can be of inconvenience. I know the commands can be used in any directory if it's installed by Homebrew. How can I do the same thing?
Homebrew usually links the necessary executables to /usr/local/bin directory, which should be in your $PATH. Thus, when you execute a command like sdcc, your shell will seek through the $PATH directories, and when it looks at /usr/local/bin, it will find sdcc, follow the link and execute it.
Some packages do not perform this linking, which means you cannot execute them without knowing where they are. You can ask Homebrew to tell you where a package is installed: brew --prefix <formula>, where <formula> is the package name (e.g. brew --prefix sdcc). The executable files will normally be under a bin subdirectory. For example, brew --prefix sdcc would likely tell you something like /usr/local/opt/sdcc; then you can invoke sdcc using /usr/local/opt/sdcc/bin/sdcc, without having to cd there. You could also put /usr/local/opt/sdcc/bin into your $PATH directly, though I do not recommend it. Another alternative is to create your own bin (mine is in $HOME/.local/bin), put it in $PATH, and link there (ln -s <source> $HOME/.local/bin/) any executables you wish your shell to easily find.
However, with Homebrew packages, I strongly suggest you do not try to imitate Homebrew by yourself, by installing things in Homebrew's domain. You can confuse Homebrew and create problems. Instead, let Homebrew do it.
If you need to install a package on a different OS than the one you are downloading at, you may need to first find out the bottle tag for the target (installation) computer. For example, for Big Sur, it is big_sur. See brew info --json <formula>, under bottle.stable.files you should find the bottle tags. Use --bottle-tag <tag> in step 1 and 2 to select the right OS.
Use brew fetch --deps <formula> to download (but not install) a package, including its dependencies. If you use the --verbose flag, Homebrew will tell you where it downloaded each of the files.
If you haven't used --verbose and still want to know where the downloaded files are: brew deps <formula> will list all the packages it depends on. If a package needs to be compiled, you may need to also use the --include-build option. brew --cache <formula> will show you where a package file is downloaded.
If you need to copy a package file to another computer, you should find out where the Homebrew would expect to find it: use brew --cache --force-bottle <formula> on the target computer, and copy the package file there. Don't forget to do that for each dependency package as well.
After that, brew install <formula> will install from cache.
The only part of this process that needs internet connection is the first step, brew fetch.
For Unix (which MacOS is a family member) and Unix-like (eg. Linux) operating systems the thing that controls this feature is the PATH environment variable.
To know which folders allow you to run programs without cd-ing into them or prefix ./ to your program name you can print out the value of PATH:
echo $PATH
On my machine it prints out:
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/X11/bin:/Users/slebetman/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin
There are two things to notice:
The string is a list of folder paths separated by :
There is a path listed as /opt/homebrew. Presumably this is where homebrew installs command-line programs.
Copying your program/script into any of the folders listed in PATH will allow you to use it like any installed/built-in command. This is what it means to install command-line programs on Unix. It's that simple.
There is another thing to notice: I have in my PATH the folder /Users/slebetman/bin. This is my own personal standard - probably not invented by me but one I adopted from my college days - for installing my own programs. I have this ~/bin folder on all my Unix and Linux machines. It is where I keep my personal collection of scripts that I've written or collected over a lifetime.
Having a personal ~/bin folder is nice because you don't need sudo permission to write to it. Also, if you buy a new PC/Mac you can just copy the folder to your new machine and all the scripts you've gotten used to now exist on the new machine. Better yet, you can manage the folder with git and sync it with github/gitlab/bitbucket to make it easy to keep all your computers updated.
Since PATH is a standard environment variable you can easily modify it to add your own folder. Just add the following in your .profile or .zshrc or .bashrc file (depending on your shell) to add your own bin folder to PATH:
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
The command above simply says add $HOME/bin to PATH and export it so that other programs will inherit the new PATH variable.
In your case you can even do something like:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/your/sdcc/bin
to have all your SDCC commands work like regular commands.
I am entering
sudo bin/bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-aarch64.sh
I enter the correct directory, but when it comes to "Unpacking the payload ..."
it gives me an error
"Miniconda3-latest-Linux-aarch64.sh: line 417: 2300 Illegal instruction "$CONDA_EXEC" constructor --prefix "$PREFIX" --extract-conda-pkgs"
Follow these steps to install a smooth Conda Package Manager on your Raspberry Pi 3 or 4.
Forget about the Miniconda---------aarch64.sh route because it is really challenging to fix it and make it work after installation. Mambaforge is the key and has worked very smoothly for me.
Make sure your Raspbian OS is 64 bit.
Get the latest version of aarch64.sh from https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases. When I did the install the latest was Mambaforge-22.9.0-2-Linux-aarch64.sh
Install it and make sure the path is added to your .bashrc file.
Reboot your Raspberrypi or spin up your .bashrc file to activate conda.
Test your conda installation.
Now, let's do it.
Go to your downloads directory and download what you need.
cd /home/username/Downloads
sudo wget https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/22.9.0-2/Mambaforge-22.9.0-2-Linux-aarch64.sh
Start the installation
sudo /bin/bash Mambaforge-22.9.0-2-Linux-aarch64.sh
Now during the installation put the installation path as given below. You can name it something else, but to save your time you can just follow me.
/home/username/miniconda3
Open your .bashrc file sitting at the location /home/username/.bashrc and the the following line in the end of it. And you can skip this step if your installation process already edited your .bashrc file with something similar.
export PATH="/home/username/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
Considering that your .bashrc is edited, so it need to be reloaded.
source ~/.bashrc
Now, let's test your conda installation
conda init
conda env list
Happy? Are we? Now? Cheers!!!
I am having a problem about linuxbrew.
bash: /lustre7/home/lustre4/user1/applications/bin/cut: /lustre7/home/lustre4/user1/.linuxbrew/lib/ld.so: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory
I tried to uninstall linuxbrew using instructions at its website, but somehow it didn't work (because of sudo requirements).
there is linuxbrew directory but I can't remove when I type rm -r linuxbrew it says;
-bash: /lustre7/home/lustre4/user1/applications/bin/rm: /lustre7/home/lustre4/user1/.linuxbrew/lib/ld.so: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory
When I tried to install homebrew it says your CPU is not supported. (I tried this before and it worked, but now it is not working.)
I want to solve this problem but I couldn't find any solution. I am not able to run sudo and yum commands because I am not root. I am a user at a linux cluster.
OK. I finally was able to solve this issue.
I am wring in case someone else may have the same issue.
First, this was related to a bash problem. I recently installed a tool that put some variables to both bashrc and bash_profile and altered path of bin directory.
I wasn't able to use system commands such as rm, ls, cat etc. and I wasn't able to run system ruby. Paths of all commands and ruby were in my bin directory under my application directory.
What I did is;
I edited my bash_profile by cancelling the new path that caused conflict between bash_profile and bashrc. This enabled me run system commands.
I uninstalled linuxbrew as described in its website.
I removed linuxbrew from my home directory, and cancelled its path in bash_profile (comment out).
I installed homebrew again and put its path to my bashrc.
Now it is working.
I could uninstall linuxbrew using the procedure I described in here:
How to completely uninstall brew and re-install brew in ubuntu 19.04
-> In short, I just replaced install.sh by uninstall.sh and it worked...
$/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall.sh)"
I installed python 3.6 before and installed python 3.7.4 today. When I type python3 in command, it opens python 3.6, I want to change it to python 3.7.4.
which python3 shows /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3,
but the link in /usr/local/bin/ is :
python3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3
so is the case of pip3. why? ?
How can I change which python3 to python 3.7.4? I don't want to use alias.
I use MacOS 10.14.2
Your OS uses the PATH environment variable to look for the commands you write into the shell, so if you type python3 it will go through the directories listed in this PATH and check if there's your programm. It takes the first matching program and executes it, so in your case the directory /Library/Frameworks/.../3.6/bin is before the directory usr/local/bin, which means that the python3 from /Library/Frameworks/.../3.6/bin will be used.
You need therefore to change this PATH variable:
export PATH="/Users/sky/Documents/software/Montage-master/bin:/usr/share/file/magic/mercurial:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/X11/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin"
You can put that into your ~/.bash_profile so that it is permanent, and you don't need to set it every time you open a new terminal window.
Note that this will not automatically update your path for the remainder of the session. To do this, you should run:
source ~/.bash_profile
Are you sure have python3.7 intalled?
you can view the folder
cd /usr/bin
Next you search the python's file:
find /usr/bin/ python3
if don´t exist filename python3.7 install
sudo apt install python3.7
sudo apt update
I was trying to install jekyll in my Mac and got the warning as following:
WARNING: You don't have /Users/Carrot/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/bin in
your PATH, gem executables will not run.
I checked through gem list and it shows it is installed; and I can find the jekyll through the path "/Users/Carrot/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/bin". I read a post which seems like my situation. I would like to know if it's a must to go through sudo? I now prefer to uninstall everything (since it also installed sass and bunch of things at the same time) and go through homebrew. How can I do the uninstallation?
Many thanks!
For those who have problems with #lamech-desai answer, (actually, when they do Desai's commands, it apparently works temporarily for them).
So you can easily do these:
open ~/.bshrc if you would like to use bash or ~/.zshrc if your are using zsh or etc...
$ sudo nano .bashrc ## bash users
$ sudo nano .zshrc ## zsh users
then copy and past these two lines of code at the end of the .*rc file:
export GEM_HOME="$(ruby -e 'puts Gem.user_dir')"
export PATH="$PATH:$GEM_HOME/bin"
then simply press ctrl+s and ctrl+x. This will save the changes to .bashrc but you won't see them immediately - directly on your next shell login with your current user. One way to see the changes immediately is to switch user to root with su root and then switch back to your previous user with su <username> - and voila, your .bashrc will be reloaded. You can also check this with echo $PATH.
Thanks to #lamech-desai for great answer
If you are using arch linux just use the commands below in your terminal
[user~]$ export GEM_HOME="$(ruby -e 'puts Gem.user_dir')"
[user~]$ export PATH="$PATH:$GEM_HOME/bin"
[user~]$ gem list
[user~]$ gem update
You need to add the directory to your PATH environment variable
https://askubuntu.com/questions/406643/warning-you-dont-have-a-directory-in-your-path-gem-executables-will-not-run
If you are on a Mac like me, you need to add the PATH to the PATH environmental variable. You can do it with export command:
export PATH="/Users/Carrot/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/bin:$PATH"
If you wanna know more about this process, here is a blog post about this: Adding a Path to the Linux PATH Variable
Probably a bit odd to answer my own question but I did finally fix it somehow like a blind fly. I hope to write down the experience maybe who else is totally like me as a absolute beginner with everything wouldn't get struggling overnight.
Stage 1: from gem to homebrew (failed)
At the beginning, I did remove items that install in gem item-by-item, then I install brew-gem to do it. At some stage, it work for jekyll but not my theme. It kept popping out I didn't install a package that the theme needs even I installed it manually. So in the end, I remove everything related to jekyll from homebrew.
Stage 2: back to gem (very long path but finally made it)
I later found a page tell step-by-step to install jekyll. I am using OSX 10.13 (High Sierra) that cause me the permission problem. So I just granted access with this line:
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/*
The * is a must or it won't work. I did the same to the ruby part
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/*
After that I install jekyll and bundler carefully following the instruction. And install the packages that the theme needs manually through gem install, which you can find at the Gemfile. I got the problem of jekyll-sitemap similar as this, I followed the method to install pygment.rb through gem install pygments.rb. And now my site is locally work.