While coding, it is not always easy to have a connected instrument via GPIB.
Python offers the possibility to simulate an instrument using PyVISA-sim.
Unless I am mistaken, the community is not really active, and I got several errors:
1- PyVISA-sim gives a large panel of "virtual" instruments, but only one can effectively communicate with my code
2- While creating my own .ymal file, python fails to recognize it
I was wondering if there is an alternate way?
I will be more greedy: is there a GPIB simulator that can also simulate an instrument response?
For example: while simulating a voltmeter, the virtual instrument will effectively return me some "random" readings.
The goal is to check if my Byte to Single converter is working properly
Thanks
Short answer is that it's very much a DIY job. There are hardware instrument simulators but I'm not sure this will help you with your byte converter.
Instrument Simulator:
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/10763
Does the user manual not give you the format for the returned data?
Related
After receiving some feedback on this question: How to create lParam for WM_CHAR or WM_KEYUP/WM_KEYDOWN?, I`ve started looking for a broader answer to a general solution. One thing I realized that using windows API's might not work for every app and in every case.
My first step in the follow up research was to make an Arduino powered servo to press the keys (yeah the concept is horrible ik).
But that prompted yet another idea, a hardware augmented small numpad keyboard which is also operated by Arduino which was controlled via another usb. This was at least somewhat usable - but still not very.
Then I tried to use Digispark Atiny85 microcontroller which in turn used Digikeyboard library. This solution was much better - but then necessity to have a digispark stuck in your usb port was a bit frustrating.
This made me curious if there are ways to emulate keyboard or any other HID devices using software only? Some brief googling pointed me to Kernel drivers and virtual COM ports, but that seem to be a bit over the top for me to process.
So can that task indeed be achieved by writing a kernel driver? Can it be done in any other manner? In either case are there any pointers which you can give me on the topic?
The SendInput function can be used to generate keyboard and mouse input. This input goes to the foreground window as if generated by real hardware (but lowlevel hooks can tell that it was software generated). It might not let you generate Ctrl+Alt+Delete nor control a UAC prompt but other than that it should be good enough in most cases. Writing a driver to overcome these limitations is normally not worth it.
There is no general way to generate input to a specific application/window if it is not the foreground window.
If you want to control a specific application you should use UI Automation.
Faking key up/down/char messages with PostMessage is not uncommon but it does not always work (the application might be using RAW input, input is not synchronized with real hardware etc.). If you are determined to use this method anyway, make sure you send it to the correct window (the HWND with the keyboard focus, not just the top-level window). Use the Spy++ tool to view the messages to make sure they are going to the correct window.
Can anyone offer any advice on options in getting real world events, ie sound, visual, motion, to trigger events on the mac?
The simplest event I think might be sound.
I simply need sound of a certain volume, to start an application on the desktop,
This application would be web based (ie javascript) or possibly standalone.
Most likely the former.
The first thing that comes to mind is Arduino but I was wondering, since I'm a total novice at Arduino coding, if there are other 3rd party apps that might make this possible.
There are a number of pre-built applications available from the arduino site here:
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage
They will all invariably need some customization, but hey that's half the fun right? Here's an example that seems to do something similar to what you're describing. You would just need write an app on the computer to listen for the right serial output.
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial
OR
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogReadSerial
And remember, you can always ask more questions here on SO if you run into a problem.
Yes, you can :)
1) First of all, you'll need the Arduino to "listen" to a sensor. This can be achieved by the digitalRead or analogRead methods, depending which kind of sensor you're gonna use.
2) You'll need send something to your mac when the condition you want to check happens. This involves using the Serial Port to send some kind of message from the Arduino to your mac.
3) On you're mac, you'll need to check messages on the serial port. I often use Processing to listen the serial port. You're lucky, you're on a mac, you have AppleScript :) This means Processing will have to launch a simple Applescript that will tell your selected application to open
That's it. For further details, check google to see how to send messages from arduino to processing, and how to trigger Applescript via Processing
I am running windows7 on my laptop, and all is well, but I am jealous of the multitouch on macs. I don't really know how all of this "works", but i'm imagining that it couldn't be that hard to write a program to patch into windows that allows this.
Currently, if I put two fingers on the pad and drag around, it sortv half-heartedly tries to follow both. Or something. It's pitiful. After extended experimentation, I don't think it can really track both points at once. But perhaps I could detect the fumbling that occurs when I put my second finger down mathematically, and then "release" tracking on one of them.
Basically, I'm not trying for true multitouch (like stretching images), but I feel like I ought to be able to get something together that detects a double press as a right click. That's a step in the right direction.
What would I need to write that in? How would I install it?
If you're going to say it's impossible, then ignore that and take it from another direction. What if I wanted to enable a triple tap as a right click? (please no pre-built 3rd party solutions, I want to write this myself) That's certainly got to be possible.
How do I tap in to the resources I need?
This might be a hardware and or driver limitation. Not all touch surfaces (like trackpads) support multitouch.
You might want to check out Raw Input on msdn which supports alternative input methods.
Edit:
Note that the Raw Input API only provides access to multitouch if its supported by your hardware.
This is not possible, this is discussed on the www.insanelymac.com forum, where people create hackintosh pcs (basically pcs running mac osx). Several attempts have been made, but DUE to the construction and METHOD with which MANY touchpads collect sensory data it is impossible. Best of luck...
I couldn't find a suitable title for this. I'm going to express my query with examples.
Consider following softwares:
Process explorer from sysinternals (an advanced task manager)
Resource Manager : resmon.exe (lists each and every fine detail about resource usage about each process).
For me these softwares seems like miracles. I wonder how these are even made. C'mon how a user process can know such fine details about other processes? Who tells this software, what processes are running and what all resources are utilized? Which dlls are used? etc..
Does windows operating system give these software that information? I mean though (obviously the most lower level api) WIN32API. Are there some functions,which on calling return these values
abstractly say:
GetAllRunningProcesses()
GetMemoryUsedByProcess(Process* proc)
etc..
Other similar applications are
network Packet Capture software. How does it get information about all those packets? It clearly sits just infront of the NIC card. How is it possible?
Anti-virus: It scans memory for viruses. Intercepts other processes. Acts like a sandbox for the user application space. How? How??
If its WIN32API. I swear, I'm going to master it.
I don't want to create a multi-threaded application. I want to get information about other multithreaded applications.
I don't want to create a program which communicates using sockets. I want to learn how to learn how to capture all communication packets.
I actually want to work at the lower level. But I don't know, what should I learn. Please guide me in proper direction.
This is really a pretty open-ended question. For things like a list of running processes, look up "PSAPI" or "Toolhelp32". For memory information about a particular process, you can use VirtualQuery.
Capturing network packets is normally done by installing a device driver. If you look, you should be able to find a fair amount about how to write device drivers, though don't expect to create wonders overnight, and do expect to crash your machine a few times in the process (device drivers run in kernel mode, so it's easy for a mistake to crash the machine hard).
I can't say as much with any certainty about anti-virus, because I've never tried to write one. My immediate guess would be that their primary technique is API hooking. There's probably more to it than that, but offhand I've never spent enough time looking at them to know what.
Mark Russinovich's classic, Windows Internals, is the go-to book if you want to get deep in this kind of stuff. I notice that the just-released 5th edition includes Vista. Here's a sample chapter to peek at.
If you like Process Explorer, this is the guy who wrote that, and there are lots of examples using it in the book.
Plus, at 1232 hardcover pages, you can use it to press your clothes.
I'd like to write a packet sniffer and editor for Windows. I want to able to see the contents of all packets entering and leaving my system and possibly modify them. Any language is fine but I'd like it to run fast enough that it won't burden the system.
I've read a little about WinPcap but the documentation claims that you can't use WinPcap to create a firewall because it can't drop packets. What tools will help me write this software?
Been there, done that :-) Back in 2000 my first Windows program ever was a filter hook driver.
What I did was implementing the filter hook driver and writing a userspace application that prepared a filter table on what to allow and what to disallow. When you get around your initial set of blue screens (see below for my debug tip in kernel mode) the filter mode driver is quite easy to use ... it gives each packet to a function you wrote and depending on the return code drops it or lets it pass.
Unfortunatley packets at that level are QUITE raw, fragments are not reassembled and it looks more like the "network card" end of things (but no ethernet headers anymore). So you'll have quite a bad time decoding the packets to filter with that solution.
There also is the firewall hook driver, as discussed in this codeproject article.
If you are on Vista or Server 2008 you'd better have a look at WFP (Windows Filtering Platform) instead, that seems to be the mandated API of the day for writing firewalls.
I don't know about it other than google turing it up some minutes ago when I googled for the filter hook driver.
Update: Forgot the debug tip:
Sysinternals DbgView shows kernel-mode DbgPrint output, and more important - it can also read them from the dump file your last blue screen produced. So sprinkle your code with dbgprint and if it bluescreens just load the dump into dbgview to see what happened before it died ... VERY useful. Using this I managed without having a kernel debugger.
I'm pretty sure you'd need to write a filter driver. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_driver I don't know much more than that :). It would definitely be a C/C++ Win32 app and you'd likely being doing some kernel side work. Start by downloading the DDK and finding some of the sample filter drivers.
If you just want to monitor what goes in and out of IIS, consider an ISAPI filter. Still C/C++ in Win32, but relatively easier than writing a device driver.
C# code to do this is here
I actually did this, several years ago. I'm hazy on the details at this point, but I had to develop a filter/pass-thru/intermediate driver using the Windows DDK. I got a lot of good information from pcausa. Here's a url which points to their product that does this: http://www.pcausa.com/pcasim/Default.htm
If you're doing this for practical reasons, and not just for fun, then you should take a look at Microsoft Network Monitor. The home page talks about the version 3.3 beta, but you can download version 3.2 from the Downloads page. There is also an SDK for NM, and the ability to write parsers for your own network protocols.
There's a question you need to ask which you don't know you need to ask; do you want to know which applications sockets belong to? or are you happy to be restricted to the IP:port quad for a connection?
If you want to know applications, you need to write a TDI filter driver, but that makes handling the receive almost impossible, since you can't block on the receive path.
If you're happy with IP:port, go in at the NDIS level, and I believe you can block on receive to your hearts content.
A word of warning; if you have no prior kernel experience, writing either of these drivers (although TDI is significantly harder) will take about two years, full time.
this:
TdiFw is a simple TDI-Based Open Source Personal Firewall for Windows NT4/2000/XP/2003
http://tdifw.sourceforge.net/
may help you