I've three tables:
create table person(
id_per number(1) primary key not null,
name_per varchar(15) not null);
create table training(
id_training number(1) primary key not null,
start_training date not null,
final_training date not null);
create table training_person(
id_tp number(3) primary key not null,
id_per number(8) not null,
id_training number(1) not null);
I created a trigger whose function is verify that the user can't to insert in the table training_person if the user have a active training ... but when I want to insert a new register but the person don't have any training registered before, oracle show me the following error: "no data found".
This is my trigger:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER VERIFY_TRAINING
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON training_person
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
GET_FINAL_TRAINING DATE;
GET_START_TRAINING DATE;
BEGIN
select MAX(final_training) into GET_FINAL_TRAINING
from training t join training_person x on t.id_training=x.id_training join person e on e.id_per=x.id_per
WHERE e.id_per=:new.id_per;
select start_training into GET_START_TRAINING
from training t join training_person x on t.id_training=x.id_training
where t.id_training=:new.id_training;
IF (GET_FINAL_TRAINING > GET_START_TRAINING) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20091,'U CANT INSERT TRAINING.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
INSERT INTO training_person values(:new.id_tp,:new.id_per,:new.id_training);
END;
I'm learning Oracle, so I dunno which is the problem. Thanks.
Related
I have a trigger named tr_admin_user_role that automatically insert values into tbl_user_role table when we perform a insert in another table called tbl_admin. There is no error at compile time but whenever I insert a value into tbl_admin table it shows me an error and error is like
This is my tbl_admin table
CREATE TABLE tbl_admin(
admin_id INTEGER,
username VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
passwords VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR2(100) UNIQUE,
enabled CHAR(1) DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL,
created_at DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_admin_id PRIMARY KEY(admin_id)
);
tbl_user_role table
CREATE TABLE tbl_user_role(
user_role_id INTEGER,
username VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
user_role VARCHAR2(50) DEFAULT 'ROLE_ADMIN' NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT pk_user_role_id PRIMARY KEY(user_role_id)
);
Trigger that i have created
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_admin_user_role
AFTER INSERT ON tbl_admin
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
new_username TBL_ADMIN.username%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT username INTO new_username FROM (
SELECT username FROM tbl_admin ORDER BY username DESC
) WHERE ROWNUM = 1;
INSERT INTO tbl_user_role(username, user_role) VALUES(new_username, 'ROLE_ADMIN');
END;
Insert statement
INSERT INTO tbl_admin(username, passwords) VALUES('nisha', 'nisha');
That's not how you fetch the newly inserted / updated / previous value of a column in a Trigger. You should use the :OLD.column_name and :NEW.column_name to refer the old and new column values.Read the documentation to understand more.
So, your Trigger could be rewritten as
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_admin_user_role AFTER
INSERT ON tbl_admin
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO tbl_user_role (
username,
user_role
) VALUES (
:NEW.username,
'ROLE_ADMIN'
);
END;
/
I assume you are using another trigger to generate
admin_id and user_role_id since they are declared as PRIMARY KEYs
and you are not including them in your inserts.
Db fiddle demo
Here I've used dummy values for those columns.
I have created a Trigger on table Customers so that every time a record is deleted from table customers this same record is inserted in table Customer_Archives with the current date as Deletion_Date.
I am have to insert a new customer into table Customers and then delete it. The record must be inserted correctly into table Customers_Archive.
Here's script I have so far:
CREATE TABLE Customer_Archives
(
customer_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
customer_first_name VARCHAR2(50),
customer_last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
customer_address VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL,
customer_city VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
customer_state CHAR(2) NOT NULL,
customer_zip VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
customer_phone VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
customer_fax VARCHAR2(30),
deletion_date DATE,
CONSTRAINT customer_archives_pk
PRIMARY KEY (customer_id)
);
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Customers_before_insert
BEFORE DELETE ON Customers
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
ar_row Customers%rowtype;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Customer_Archives
VALUES(ar_row.Customer_id,
ar_row.Customer_First_Name,
ar_row.Customer_Last_Name,
ar_row.Customer_Address,
ar_row.Customer_City,
ar_row.Customer_State,
ar_row.Customer_Zip,
ar_row.Customer_Phone,
ar_row.Customer_Fax,
sysdate());
dbms_output.put_line('New row is added to Customers_Archive
Table with Customer_ID:' ||ar_row.Customer_id ||'on date:' || sysdate());
END;
/
SELECT trigger_name, status FROM user_triggers;
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS
(customer_id, customer_first_name, customer_last_name, customer_address,
customer_city, customer_state, customer_zip, customer_phone, customer_fax)
VALUES (27,'Sofia','Chen','8888 Cowden St.','Philadelphia','PA',
'19149',7654321234',NULL);
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE customer_id = 27;
When I try to delete the customer that I just inserted I get an error:
Error starting at line : 47 in command -
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE customer_id = 27
Error report -
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("TUG81959"."CUSTOMER_ARCHIVES"."CUSTOMER_ID")
ORA-06512: at "TUG81959.CUSTOMERS_BEFORE_INSERT", line 4
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'TUG81959.CUSTOMERS_BEFORE_INSERT'
In your DELETE trigger you should be using the :OLD values when creating your archive record:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER CUSTOMERS_BEFORE_INSERT
BEFORE DELETE ON CUSTOMERS
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER_ARCHIVES
(CUSTOMER_ID,
CUSTOMER_FIRST_NAME,
CUSTOMER_LAST_NAME,
CUSTOMER_ADDRESS,
CUSTOMER_CITY,
CUSTOMER_STATE,
CUSTOMER_ZIP,
CUSTOMER_PHONE,
CUSTOMER_FAX,
DELETION_DATE)
VALUES
(:OLD.CUSTOMER_ID,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_FIRST_NAME,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_LAST_NAME,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_ADDRESS,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_CITY,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_STATE,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_ZIP,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_PHONE,
:OLD.CUSTOMER_FAX,
SYSDATE());
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New row is added to Customers_Archive
Table with Customer_ID:' ||:OLD.Customer_id ||'on date:' || SYSDATE());
END;
In your original trigger you'd declared a row variable named ar_row but hadn't assigned anything to any of the fields - therefore they were all NULL. When a BEFORE trigger is invoked during a DELETE, the :OLD values have the values prior to the deletion, and the :NEW values are all NULL.
Best of luck.
I am trying to do a trigger that updates a sum of all credits on update of the grade or a insert of a new one. That's my tables
create table Department (
Department_ID varchar(4) not null,
Name varchar(25) unique,
Department_Head_ID varchar(9),
College_ID varchar(4),
Credits_To_Degree NUMBER(3),
constraint pkDepartment primary key (Department_ID));
create table Enrollment (
Student_ID varchar(9) not null,
Course_ID varchar(5) not null,
Registered_Date date,Grade NUMBER,
Status varchar(4),constraint pkEnrollment primary key
(Student_ID, Course_ID));
create table Student (
Student_ID varchar(9) not null,
First_Name varchar(25),
Last_Name varchar(25),
Phone char(11),
Birth_Date date,
Street varchar(100),
Zip_Code char(5),
Department varchar(4),
Credits integer,
Eligible char(4), constraint pkStudent primary key
(Student_ID),constraint fkDeptId foreign key (Department)
references Department(Department_ID));
ALTER TABLE Department ADD FOREIGN KEY (Department_Head_ID)
REFERENCES Faculty(Faculty_Id) INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE Department ADD FOREIGN KEY(College_ID) REFERENCES
College(College_ID) INITIALLY DEFERRED;
the trigger:
create or replace TRIGGER Credits
after INSERT OR UPDATE
ON enrollment
REFERENCING NEW AS New OLD AS Old
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE STUDENT
SET CREDITS=(SELECT SUM(c.CREDITS) FROM COURSE c,ENROLLMENT e
WHERE c.COURSE_ID = e.COURSE_ID
and e.STUDENT_ID = :new.student_id
and e.GRADE>= 60 )
WHERE STUDENT.STUDENT_ID=:new.student_id;
END;
The trigger compiles but when i change value of the grade a get this error
UPDATE "FELIX"."ENROLLMENT" SET GRADE = '60' WHERE ROWID = 'AAAGUSAABAAALKJAAF' AND ORA_ROWSCN = '3540016'
ORA-20003: An error has occurred while performing credits trigger
ORA-06512: at "FELIX.CREDITS", line 5
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'FELIX.CREDITS'
One error saving changes to table "FELIX"."ENROLLMENT":
Row 6: ORA-20003: An error has occurred while performing credits trigger
ORA-06512: at "FELIX.CREDITS", line 5
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'FELIX.CREDITS'
line 5 is a FOR EACH ROW command
I figure out that the problem is in the :new.student_id. But how could i get the id of the row that the triggers fires upon.
Thanks in advance for the help.
This is some kind of study database in sql file. I use oracle 11g and process it in sqlplus.
I wrote two function for check the course number and the department number, so its depend on the major and the minor department of each student.
For example, I am student of CS department (major) and BIO department (minor), so I can not enroll the course which is about math department.
When I call it in CHECK but I don't know why it told that.
This is output when I create all table, (from sqlplus)
....
....
....
table created.
ALTER TABLE sections ADD CONSTRAINT CK_course_depart CHECK (FindMYDeparture(stuid,find_dno_from_cno(cno)) = 'true');
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-0094: "FIND_DNO_FROM_CNO":invalid identifier
This is in .sql file
DROP TABLE department CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE department (
dnumber number(4) not null,
dname varchar(25) not null,
primary key (dnumber)
);
DROP TABLE courses CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE courses (
cno number(4) not null,
cname varchar(15) not null,
credit number(1) not null,
dnumber number(4) not null,
primary key (cno),
foreign key (dnumber) references department(dnumber),
CONSTRAINT credits CHECK (credit > 0 AND credit <= 5)
);
DROP TABLE student CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE student (
stuid char(9) not null,
fname varchar(15) not null,
lname varchar(15) not null,
dMjno number(4) not null,
dMnno number(4),
primary key (stuid),
CONSTRAINT depart_M_n CHECK (dMjno <> dMnno),
CONSTRAINT dMinor_check CHECK (dMnno = 1 OR dMnno = 2 OR dMnno = 3)
);
DROP TABLE sections CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE sections (
sno number(4) not null,
cno number(4) not null,
stuid char(9) not null,
semester varchar(6) not null,
year varchar(4) not null,
instructor varchar(15) not null,
CONSTRAINT combine_pk primary key (sno,stuid),
foreign key (cno) references courses(cno),
foreign key (stuid) references student(stuid),
CONSTRAINT cant_enroll CHECK (semester <> 'Spring' AND year <> 2007)
);
DROP TABLE grading CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE grading (
sno number(4) not null,
stuid char(9) not null,
grade numeric(1,2),
foreign key (sno,stuid) references sections(sno,stuid),
foreign key (stuid) references student(stuid),
CONSTRAINT grading_check CHECK (grade >= 0 AND grade <= 4)
);
DROP FUNCTION FindMYDeparture;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION FindMYDeparture(stuid_in IN char,depart_course IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER AS
departMa_no NUMBER;
departMi_no NUMBER;
report varchar(10);
CURSOR cdno is
SELECT dMjno,dMnno FROM student WHERE stuid = stuid_in;
BEGIN
OPEN cdno;
LOOP
FETCH cdno INTO departMa_no,departMi_no;
IF (departMa_no = depart_course OR departMi_no = depart_course)
THEN
report := 'true';
EXIT;
ELSE
report := 'flase';
END IF;
EXIT WHEN cdno%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cdno;
RETURN report;
END;
/
DROP FUNCTION find_dno_from_cno;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_dno_from_cno(cno_in IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER AS
depart_no NUMBER;
CURSOR cdno is
SELECT dnumber FROM courses WHERE cno = cno_in;
BEGIN
OPEN cdno;
FETCH cdno INTO depart_no;
CLOSE cdno;
RETURN depart_no;
END;
/
ALTER TABLE sections ADD CONSTRAINT CK_course_depart CHECK (FindMYDeparture(stuid,find_dno_from_cno(cno)) = 'true');
Not going to happen. You are not allowed to use your pl/sql functions in check constraint by design:
•Conditions of check constraints cannot contain the following
constructs:
•Subqueries and scalar subquery expressions
•Calls to the functions that are not deterministic (CURRENT_DATE,
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, DBTIMEZONE, LOCALTIMESTAMP, SESSIONTIMEZONE,
SYSDATE, SYSTIMESTAMP, UID, USER, and USERENV)
•Calls to user-defined functions
•Dereferencing of REF columns (for example, using the DEREF function)
•Nested table columns or attributes
•The pseudocolumns CURRVAL, NEXTVAL, LEVEL, or ROWNUM
•Date constants that are not fully specified
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/clauses002.htm
Try running every statement in that function, This is the case of non existent column for a table or using a not existing row.
So this is from a uni coursework and is my first time working with Oracle (and using triggers). We are supposed to be creating a database for an airlines.
Part of the database is
CREATE TABLE FLIGHT_BOOKING (
BOOKING_ID NUMBER(11) PRIMARY KEY,
BOOKING_TIME DATE NOT NULL,
EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
FLIGHT_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
TOTAL_COST NUMBER(4,2) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE FLIGHT (
FLIGHT_ID NUMBER(11) PRIMARY KEY,
PLANE_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
START_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
DESTINATION_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
TRANSIT_ID NUMBER(11),
DEPARTURE_TIME DATE NOT NULL,
ARRIVAL_TIME DATE NOT NULL,
NUM_BOOKED NUMBER (4) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE PASSENGER (
PASSENGER_ID NUMBER(11) PRIMARY KEY,
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
MIDDLE_NAME VARCHAR2(20) NULL,
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
TELEPHONE NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
BOOKING_ID NUMBER(11) NOT NULL
);
So what I want to do is create a trigger such that every time a new passenger is added to the PASSENGER table, the trigger finds the corresponding FLIGHT_ID from the FLIGHT_BOOKING table and increments NUM_BOOKED for the corresponding flight in the FLIGHT table.
I have tried going through the oracle documentation, but i could not find anything that describes a situation where two or more tables are concerned.
Any help would be really appreciated!
you can do it like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_flight_booking_info
AFTER INSERT ON PASSENGER
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
v_flight_id number;
v_booking_id number;
BEGIN
v_booking_id := :new.booking_id ;
select flight_id into v_flight_id
from flight_booking
where booking_id = v_booking_id;
update flight
set NUM_BOOKED = NUM_BOOKED + 1
where flight_id = v_flight_id;
END;
HTH.
I'd rather not store that number, and calculate it as needed, but okay, it is just course material. :)
When you create a trigger, inside it you can put all kinds of code, including update statements.
So you can write a trigger like this:
create or replace trigger TIDB_BOOKING
before insert or delete
for each row
declare
V_Increment int;
begin
-- Inc or dec, depending on insert or update.
-- Hasn't a booking got a number of seats?
-- Also, can bookings be updated/moved to other flights?
-- These problems aren't yet taken into account in this code.
V_Increment := 1;
if deleting then
V_Increment := -1;
update FLIGHT f
set f.NUM_BOOKED = f.NUM_BOOKED + V_Increment
where f.FLIGHT_ID = nvl(:new.FLIGHT_ID, :old.FLIGHT_ID);
end;